Vologda Governorate
Encyclopedia
The Vologda Governorate or Government of Vologda was a guberniya
in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire
.
In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate
. Vologda Governorate was officially created in 1796 from the disbanded Vologda Viceroyalty
(namestnichestvo) which was split between the Arkhangel Viceroyalty and Vologda Viceroyalty just before the new administrative reform. The administrative center became the city of Vologda
.
s:
Three cities had a special status: Krasnoborsk
, Lalsk, and Verkhovazhskiy Posad.
The Vologda Governorate covered a total area of 402,112 km², and had a population of 1,341,785 according to the 1897 Russian Empire census
. It was bordering the following Russian Governorates: Arkhangel Governorate and Olonets Governorate
to the north, Novgorod Governorate
to the west, Perm Governorate
and Tobolsk Governorate to the east, Vyatka Governorate
, Kostroma Governorate, and Yaroslavl Governorate to the south. The two eastern uyezds Ust-Sysolsk (92%) and Yarensk
were predominantly populated by the Komi peoples
(Zyrian), while in whole gubernia the Komi accounted for less than 10%.
later being incorporated into the Novgorod Republic
after the disintegration of the Kievan Rus. With annexation of the Novgorod, Vologda also became part of Muscovy. Among the first Christians who permanently established Christianity
in the region was Saint Stephen of Perm
, born in the city of Ustiug sometime in 1340/45. In 1383 he became the first bishop
of the newly established Perm
Eparchy
.
Between 1872 and 1906 the gubernia was installing the railroad network connecting it to the rest of empire with railroad transportation. Between 1918-1919 the gubernia united with its neighbors Petrograd, Novgorod, Pskov, Olonets, Arkhangel, Cherepovets, and Northern Dvina into the Union of Northern Oblast Communes.
By the Sovnarkom Decree of January 24, 1918 were provided changes to the administrative-territorial division of the Soviet Russia. Based on the I Vologda Governorate Congress of Soviets (April 6-12, 1918) and the declaration of VTsIK (July 24, 1918) out of the Vologda Governorate was created the North Dvina Governorate with the administrative center in Veliky Ustiug including such uyezds: Veliky Ustiug, Nikolsk, Solvychegodsk, Ust-Sysolsk, Yarensk. (According to the State Archives of the Vologda Oblast
.)
On April 30, 1919 to the Vologda Governorate was annexed the Kargopol uyezd of Olonets Governorate
. In November 1923 several volosts of Vologda uyezda were united into Sverdlov Raion which in 1924 was increased with the annexation of couple of other volosts of neighboring Kadnikov uyezd. On August 7, 1924 Griazovets uyezd was liquidated and its territory became part of the Vologda uyezd. In 1928 the Sverdlov Raion was reorganized into volost and incorporated into Kadnikov uyezd.
On January 14, 1929 the Vologda Governorate was reorganized into the Vologda okrug
of North Krai with the administrative center in Vologda
. Part of the new territory became all uyezds of the former guberniya
except of the Kargopol uyezd and the most part of the Velsk uyezd. The Vologda okrug was split into 14 raions.
North Dvina Governorate
On April 18, 1924 all uyezds and volosts in guberniya were liquidated and reorganized into 18 raion
s. On February 27, 1928 Ust-Alekseyev Raion was incorporated into Velikiy Ustiug Raion, while Yenangsk Raion - into Kichmengsk-Gorodetsky Raion. The same day Niuksensk Raion was renamed into Sukhonsk Raion.
On July 15, 1929 the guberniya was incorporated into the North Krai as the North Dvina okrug with the administrative center in Arkhangelsk
.
On July 23, 1930 the okrug division in both former Governorates was excluded and all their raions were left part of the North Krai.
{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Language
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|Russian
|1 224 138
|91.23
|
|
|-----
|Komi
|114 966
|8.57
|
|
|-----
|Persons,
that did not identified
their native language
|
|N/A
|
|
|-----
|Other
|2 681
|0.20
|
|
|+
|}
{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Religion
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|Eastern Orthodox
|1 332 277
|99.29
|
|
|-----
|Other (Old Believers
)
|9 508
|0.71
|
|
|+
|}
Guberniya
A guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire usually translated as government, governorate, or province. Such administrative division was preserved for sometime upon the collapse of the empire in 1917. A guberniya was ruled by a governor , a word borrowed from Latin ,...
in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
.
In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
. Vologda Governorate was officially created in 1796 from the disbanded Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796.The viceroyalty was established by a decree of Catherine II on , 1780...
(namestnichestvo) which was split between the Arkhangel Viceroyalty and Vologda Viceroyalty just before the new administrative reform. The administrative center became the city of Vologda
Vologda
Vologda is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River. The city is a major transport knot of the Northwest of Russia. Vologda is among the Russian cities possessing an especially valuable historical heritage...
.
Administrative division
It was administered by 10 uyezdUyezd
Uyezd or uezd was an administrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR which was in use from the 13th century. Uyezds for most of the history in Russia were a secondary-level of administrative division...
s:
- Velsk - Вельск
- VologdaVologdaVologda is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River. The city is a major transport knot of the Northwest of Russia. Vologda is among the Russian cities possessing an especially valuable historical heritage...
- Вологда - GryazovetsGryazovetsGryazovets is a town and the administrative center of Gryazovetsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Gryazovetskoe Urban Settlement in Gryazovetsky Municipal District. Population: -History:...
- Грязовец - KadnikovKadnikovKadnikov is a town in Sokolsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the bank of the Sodima River, southeast of Vologda. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kadnikovskoe Urban Settlement in Sokolsky Municipal District. Population: -History:...
- Кадников - NikolskNikolskNikolsk is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia:Urban localities*Nikolsk, Penza Oblast, a town in Nikolsky District of Penza Oblast*Nikolsk, Vologda Oblast, a town in Nikolsky District of Vologda OblastRural localities...
- Никольск - SolvychegodskSolvychegodskSolvychegodsk is a town in the southern part of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right-hand bank of the Vychegda River northeast of Kotlas. Administratively, it is a part of Kotlassky District. Municipally, it is incorporated as Solvychegodskoye Urban Settlement of Kotlassky Municipal...
- Сольвычегодск - TotmaTotmaTotma is a town and the administrative center of Totemsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at the confluence with the Pesya Denga River. Municipally, it is incorporated as Totemskoe Urban Settlement in Totemsky Municipal District. Population:...
- Тотьма - Ust-Sysolsk - Усть-Сысольск
- Veliky UstyugVeliky UstyugVeliky Ustyug is a town in the northeast of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Velikoustyugsky District, by which it is completely...
- Великий Устюг (Устюжский) - YarenskYarenskYarensk is a selo of 4,100 people located on the bank of the Vychegda River near its confluence with the Yarenga. It is the center of Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast....
- Яренск
Three cities had a special status: Krasnoborsk
Krasnoborsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Krasnoborsk is a rural locality and the administrative center of Krasnoborsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Northern Dvina River. It also serves as the administrative center of Alexeyevsky Selsoviet, one of the ten selsoviets into which the district is...
, Lalsk, and Verkhovazhskiy Posad.
The Vologda Governorate covered a total area of 402,112 km², and had a population of 1,341,785 according to the 1897 Russian Empire census
Russian Empire Census
The Russian Imperial Census of 1897 was the first and the only census carried out in the Russian Empire . It recorded demographic data as of ....
. It was bordering the following Russian Governorates: Arkhangel Governorate and Olonets Governorate
Olonets Governorate
The Olonets Governorate or Government of Olonets was a guberniya of north-western Imperial Russia, extending from Lake Ladoga almost to the White Sea, bounded W. by Finland, N. and E. by Arkhangelsk and Vologda, and S. by Novgorod and St. Petersburg...
to the north, Novgorod Governorate
Novgorod Governorate
Novgorod Governorate , or Government of Novgorod, was a governorate of the Russian Empire.The governorate was established in 1727 from Belozersk, Novgorod, Pskov, Tver, and Velikiye Luki Provinces of the St. Petersburg Governorate and existed until 1927, when its territory was included into...
to the west, Perm Governorate
Perm Governorate
Perm Governorate - an administrative unit of the Russian Empire and the USSR in 1781-1923 years. Located on both slopes of the Ural Mountains...
and Tobolsk Governorate to the east, Vyatka Governorate
Vyatka Governorate
Vyatka Governorate was a governorate of Russian Empire and USSR, with its capital in city Vyatka . Existed since 1796 to 1929...
, Kostroma Governorate, and Yaroslavl Governorate to the south. The two eastern uyezds Ust-Sysolsk (92%) and Yarensk
Yarensk
Yarensk is a selo of 4,100 people located on the bank of the Vychegda River near its confluence with the Yarenga. It is the center of Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast....
were predominantly populated by the Komi peoples
Komi peoples
The Komi people is an ethnic group whose homeland is in the north-east of European Russia around the basins of the Vychegda, Pechora and Kama rivers. They mostly live in the Komi Republic, Perm Krai, Murmansk Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the Russian...
(Zyrian), while in whole gubernia the Komi accounted for less than 10%.
History
Historically the region belonged to what is known as the Great PermGreat Perm
Great Perm or simply Perm, Latinized Permia, was a medieval Komi state in what is now the Perm Krai of the Russian Federation.Cherdyn is said to have been its capital....
later being incorporated into the Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
after the disintegration of the Kievan Rus. With annexation of the Novgorod, Vologda also became part of Muscovy. Among the first Christians who permanently established Christianity
Christianity
Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...
in the region was Saint Stephen of Perm
Stephen of Perm
Saint Stephen of Perm was a fourteenth century missionary credited with the conversion of the Komi Permyaks to Christianity and the establishment of the Bishopric of Perm'. Stephen also created the Old Permic script, which makes him the founding-father of Permian written tradition...
, born in the city of Ustiug sometime in 1340/45. In 1383 he became the first bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
of the newly established Perm
Perm
Perm is a city and the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Kama River, in the European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains. From 1940 to 1957 it was named Molotov ....
Eparchy
Eparchy
Eparchy is an anglicized Greek word , authentically Latinized as eparchia and loosely translating as 'rule over something,' like province, prefecture, or territory, to have the jurisdiction over, it has specific meanings both in politics, history and in the hierarchy of the Eastern Christian...
.
Between 1872 and 1906 the gubernia was installing the railroad network connecting it to the rest of empire with railroad transportation. Between 1918-1919 the gubernia united with its neighbors Petrograd, Novgorod, Pskov, Olonets, Arkhangel, Cherepovets, and Northern Dvina into the Union of Northern Oblast Communes.
By the Sovnarkom Decree of January 24, 1918 were provided changes to the administrative-territorial division of the Soviet Russia. Based on the I Vologda Governorate Congress of Soviets (April 6-12, 1918) and the declaration of VTsIK (July 24, 1918) out of the Vologda Governorate was created the North Dvina Governorate with the administrative center in Veliky Ustiug including such uyezds: Veliky Ustiug, Nikolsk, Solvychegodsk, Ust-Sysolsk, Yarensk. (According to the State Archives of the Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
.)
On April 30, 1919 to the Vologda Governorate was annexed the Kargopol uyezd of Olonets Governorate
Olonets Governorate
The Olonets Governorate or Government of Olonets was a guberniya of north-western Imperial Russia, extending from Lake Ladoga almost to the White Sea, bounded W. by Finland, N. and E. by Arkhangelsk and Vologda, and S. by Novgorod and St. Petersburg...
. In November 1923 several volosts of Vologda uyezda were united into Sverdlov Raion which in 1924 was increased with the annexation of couple of other volosts of neighboring Kadnikov uyezd. On August 7, 1924 Griazovets uyezd was liquidated and its territory became part of the Vologda uyezd. In 1928 the Sverdlov Raion was reorganized into volost and incorporated into Kadnikov uyezd.
On January 14, 1929 the Vologda Governorate was reorganized into the Vologda okrug
Okrug
Okrug is an administrative division of some Slavic states. The word "okrug" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "district", or "region"....
of North Krai with the administrative center in Vologda
Vologda
Vologda is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River. The city is a major transport knot of the Northwest of Russia. Vologda is among the Russian cities possessing an especially valuable historical heritage...
. Part of the new territory became all uyezds of the former guberniya
Guberniya
A guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire usually translated as government, governorate, or province. Such administrative division was preserved for sometime upon the collapse of the empire in 1917. A guberniya was ruled by a governor , a word borrowed from Latin ,...
except of the Kargopol uyezd and the most part of the Velsk uyezd. The Vologda okrug was split into 14 raions.
North Dvina Governorate
On April 18, 1924 all uyezds and volosts in guberniya were liquidated and reorganized into 18 raion
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
s. On February 27, 1928 Ust-Alekseyev Raion was incorporated into Velikiy Ustiug Raion, while Yenangsk Raion - into Kichmengsk-Gorodetsky Raion. The same day Niuksensk Raion was renamed into Sukhonsk Raion.
On July 15, 1929 the guberniya was incorporated into the North Krai as the North Dvina okrug with the administrative center in Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...
.
On July 23, 1930 the okrug division in both former Governorates was excluded and all their raions were left part of the North Krai.
Principal cities
Russian Census of 1897, the cities of more than 1,000 people. In bold are the cities of over 10,000.- VologdaVologdaVologda is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River. The city is a major transport knot of the Northwest of Russia. Vologda is among the Russian cities possessing an especially valuable historical heritage...
- 27 705 (Russian - 26 798) - Veliky UstyugVeliky UstyugVeliky Ustyug is a town in the northeast of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Velikoustyugsky District, by which it is completely...
- 11 137 (Russian - 10 954) - TotmaTotmaTotma is a town and the administrative center of Totemsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at the confluence with the Pesya Denga River. Municipally, it is incorporated as Totemskoe Urban Settlement in Totemsky Municipal District. Population:...
- 4 947 (Russian - 4 902) - Ust-Sysolsk - 4 464 (Komi - 3 699, Russian - 731) (in Komi: Syktyvkar)
- GryazovetsGryazovetsGryazovets is a town and the administrative center of Gryazovetsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Gryazovetskoe Urban Settlement in Gryazovetsky Municipal District. Population: -History:...
- 3 205 (Russian - 3 188) - NikolskNikolskNikolsk is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia:Urban localities*Nikolsk, Penza Oblast, a town in Nikolsky District of Penza Oblast*Nikolsk, Vologda Oblast, a town in Nikolsky District of Vologda OblastRural localities...
- 2 553 (Russian - 2 509) - KadnikovKadnikovKadnikov is a town in Sokolsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the bank of the Sodima River, southeast of Vologda. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kadnikovskoe Urban Settlement in Sokolsky Municipal District. Population: -History:...
- 2 406 (Russian - 2 385) - Velsk - 1 989 (Russian - 1 954)
- SolvychegodskSolvychegodskSolvychegodsk is a town in the southern part of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right-hand bank of the Vychegda River northeast of Kotlas. Administratively, it is a part of Kotlassky District. Municipally, it is incorporated as Solvychegodskoye Urban Settlement of Kotlassky Municipal...
- 1 788 (Russian - 1 762) - Lalsk - 1 124 (Russian - 1 123)
Language
- By the Imperial census of 1897.
{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Language
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
|1 224 138
|91.23
|
|
|-----
|Komi
Komi language
The Komi language is a Finno-Permic language spoken by the Komi peoples in the northeastern European part of Russia. Komi is one of the two members of the Permic subgroup of the Finno-Ugric branch...
|114 966
|8.57
|
|
|-----
|Persons,
that did not identified
their native language
|
|N/A
|
|
|-----
|Other
|2 681
|0.20
|
|
|+
|}
Religion
- By the Imperial census of 1897. Almost all the population was of the Eastern Orthodox with small minority following Old BelieversOld BelieversIn the context of Russian Orthodox church history, the Old Believers separated after 1666 from the official Russian Orthodox Church as a protest against church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652–66...
. Other religions in the governorate were much less common (no exceed 500).
{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Religion
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|Eastern Orthodox
|1 332 277
|99.29
|
|
|-----
|Other (Old Believers
Old Believers
In the context of Russian Orthodox church history, the Old Believers separated after 1666 from the official Russian Orthodox Church as a protest against church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652–66...
)
|9 508
|0.71
|
|
|+
|}