Solvychegodsk
Encyclopedia
Solvychegodsk is a town in the southern part of Arkhangelsk Oblast
, Russia
, located on the right-hand bank of the Vychegda River
25 kilometres (15.5 mi) northeast of Kotlas
. Administratively, it is a part of Kotlassky District. Municipally, it is incorporated as Solvychegodskoye Urban Settlement of Kotlassky Municipal District. Population:
(1488–1570) opened salterns in 1515, which later become a huge industry, and started the Stroganov family
fortune. In the 16th–17th centuries, Solvychegodsk was a big commercial, handicraft
, and cultural hub of Northern Russia. It was especially famous its enamel
industry. In 1796, the town became a part of Vologda Governorate
. It was also known as a place of political exile. In 1937, Solvychegodsk was transferred to the jurisdiction of Arkhangelsk Oblast.
Joseph Stalin
was exiled here for seven months after being arrested by the Okhrana in April 1909, and for another seventeen months in 1911.
and Soyga (located approximately half-way between Solvychegodsk and Yarensk
).
There is no railway in Solvychegodsk. The railway station Solvychegodsk is actually located in the urban-type settlement Vychegodsky
, on the line connecting Kotlas
and Vorkuta
at the other side of the Vychegda.
There is a car and passenger ferry to the right bank of Vychegda River. The ferry is connected (by an unpaved road) with the paved road between Kotlas and Koryazhma
. There is also an unpaved road upstream along the Vychegda, heading to Yarensk
.
The town of Solvychegodsk is classified as a historical town by the Ministry of Culture of Russian Federation, which implies certain restrictions on construction in the historical center.
The only state museum in the town, Solvychegodsk Museum of Art and History, is housed in the former Annunciation Cathedral. There is also a small private museum devoted to the fictional author, Kozma Prutkov
, who, according to the official biography, was born in Solvychegodsk.
The town is home to a number of balneological resorts, where they use mineral spring
s and silt
mud from the Lake Solyanoye.
Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It includes the Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, as well as the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea....
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, located on the right-hand bank of the Vychegda River
Vychegda River
Vychegda is a river in the European part of Russia, tributary to the Northern Dvina. Its length is about . Its source is approximately west of the northern Ural Mountains. It flows roughly in western direction, through Komi Republic and Arkhangelsk Oblast. The largest city along the Vychegda is...
25 kilometres (15.5 mi) northeast of Kotlas
Kotlas
Kotlas is a town in the southeast of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Kotlassky District, by which it is...
. Administratively, it is a part of Kotlassky District. Municipally, it is incorporated as Solvychegodskoye Urban Settlement of Kotlassky Municipal District. Population:
History
Solvychegodsk was founded in the 14th century on the shores of the Lake Solyonoye. The town was known as Usolsk in the 15th century. Anikey Fyodorovich StroganovAnikey Stroganov
Anikey Stroganov was a founder of numerous salterns in Solvychegodsk and Perm, a colonizer of the basin of the Kama and Chusovaya Rivers. He was the progenitor of the family of highly successful Russian merchants, industrialists, landowners, and statesmen.Anikey Stroganov was the fourth and...
(1488–1570) opened salterns in 1515, which later become a huge industry, and started the Stroganov family
Stroganovs
The Stroganovs or Strogonovs , also spelled in French manner as Stroganoffs, were a family of highly successful Russian merchants, industrialists, landowners, and statesmen of the 16th – 20th centuries who eventually earned nobility.-Origins:...
fortune. In the 16th–17th centuries, Solvychegodsk was a big commercial, handicraft
Handicraft
Handicraft, more precisely expressed as artisanic handicraft, sometimes also called artisanry, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or by using only simple tools. It is a traditional main sector of craft. Usually the term is applied to traditional means...
, and cultural hub of Northern Russia. It was especially famous its enamel
Vitreous enamel
Vitreous enamel, also porcelain enamel in U.S. English, is a material made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing, usually between 750 and 850 °C...
industry. In 1796, the town became a part of Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate
The Vologda Governorate or Government of Vologda was a guberniya in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire.In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate...
. It was also known as a place of political exile. In 1937, Solvychegodsk was transferred to the jurisdiction of Arkhangelsk Oblast.
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
was exiled here for seven months after being arrested by the Okhrana in April 1909, and for another seventeen months in 1911.
Economy
The Vychegda in Solvychegodsk is navigable, and in Summer there is regular passenger navigation connecting KotlasKotlas
Kotlas is a town in the southeast of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Kotlassky District, by which it is...
and Soyga (located approximately half-way between Solvychegodsk and Yarensk
Yarensk
Yarensk is a selo of 4,100 people located on the bank of the Vychegda River near its confluence with the Yarenga. It is the center of Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast....
).
There is no railway in Solvychegodsk. The railway station Solvychegodsk is actually located in the urban-type settlement Vychegodsky
Vychegodsky
Vychegodsky is an urban locality under the administrative jurisdiction of Kotlas Town of Oblast Significance, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeastern part of the oblast on the left-hand bank of the Vychegda River, east of Kotlas. Population: Vychegodsky was founded in 1942...
, on the line connecting Kotlas
Kotlas
Kotlas is a town in the southeast of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Kotlassky District, by which it is...
and Vorkuta
Vorkuta
Vorkuta is a coal-mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic Circle in the Pechora coal basin at the Usa River. Population: - Labor camp origins :...
at the other side of the Vychegda.
There is a car and passenger ferry to the right bank of Vychegda River. The ferry is connected (by an unpaved road) with the paved road between Kotlas and Koryazhma
Koryazhma
Koryazhma is a town in the southeast of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Vychegda River east of Kotlas, at the confluence of the Bolshaya Koryazhemka River. Municipally, it is incorporated as Koryazhma Urban Okrug...
. There is also an unpaved road upstream along the Vychegda, heading to Yarensk
Yarensk
Yarensk is a selo of 4,100 people located on the bank of the Vychegda River near its confluence with the Yarenga. It is the center of Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast....
.
Culture and recreation
The town contains nine objects of cultural heritage protected at the federal level, and additionally thirty-three monuments of history and architecture of local importance.. The federal list of cultural heritage includes the following ensembles,- The former Presentation Monastery, including the Presentation Church (1688—1712), one of the five surviving Stroganov baroque churches;
- The former Annunciation Cathedral (1560—1584) with the adjacent bell-tower;
- The Church of the Holy Mandylion (Spaso-Obydenskaya Church, 1691—1697);
- The Pyankov House (19th century).
The town of Solvychegodsk is classified as a historical town by the Ministry of Culture of Russian Federation, which implies certain restrictions on construction in the historical center.
The only state museum in the town, Solvychegodsk Museum of Art and History, is housed in the former Annunciation Cathedral. There is also a small private museum devoted to the fictional author, Kozma Prutkov
Kozma Prutkov
Kozma Petrovich Prutkov is a fictional author invented by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy and his cousins, three Zhemchuzhnikov brothers, Alexei, Vladimir and Alexander, during the later part of the rule of Nicholas I of Russia....
, who, according to the official biography, was born in Solvychegodsk.
The town is home to a number of balneological resorts, where they use mineral spring
Mineral spring
Mineral springs are naturally occurring springs that produce water containing minerals, or other dissolved substances, that alter its taste or give it a purported therapeutic value...
s and silt
Silt
Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. Silt may occur as a soil or as suspended sediment in a surface water body...
mud from the Lake Solyanoye.