Križevci
Encyclopedia
Križevci is a town in central Croatia
with a total population of 21,155 and with 11,219 in the city itself (2011), the oldest town in its county, the Koprivnica-Križevci county
.
Stephan which was confirmed by King Bela IV a year later.
The so-called Lower Križevac developed somewhat slower than its twin town: it became a free royal town in 1405, thanks to king Sigismund
.
Bloody Sabor of Križevci
was organised killing of the Croatian ban
Stjepan Lacković and his followers by king Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund
, on 27 February 1397.
Križevac was the birthplace of a Catholic
priest Marko who died at the hand of Calvinists in Košice
in 1619, and was subsequently canonized because of his martyrdom. This event is commemorated every September 7 in Križevci.
After centuries of division, empress Maria Theresa of Austria
united the Lower and Upper Križevac into Križevci in 1752 (the word Križevci is plural of Križevac). The town was also hit by the wars with the Turks, but it regained importance in 1871 when the railway was built through it on the way from Budapest
to Rijeka
.
These days the town is pretty much oriented towards mass entrepreneurship, but it still enjoys the greatest number of valuable and oldest monuments in the county (both in the town and its surroundings).
Križevci has nine churches (seven Catholic
, a Serbian Orthodox and a Greek Catholic one), some of them built in the Middle Ages
. In the oldest Gothic
Church of Saint Cross in Križevci, there are important Baroque
pictures and a marble altar dating from 18th century (by Francesco Robba). Also interesting is the parish church of St. Anne from 17th century.
Of particular note is the Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, the seat of the Eparchy of Križevci
since 1789. The cathedral building was worked on by some of Zagreb
's finest architects: its facade was rebuilt by Bartol Felbinger in 1817 while an internal reconstruction was performed in the Gothic revival style by Hermann Bolle
in 1892-97. The iconostasis and the pictures on the walls are works of famous Croatian painters including Ivan Tišov
, Celestin Medović and Bela Čikoš-Sesija.
The city museum exhibits a rich archeological, ethnographic and cultural-historical collection.
The main town manifestation is called Križevačko veliko spravišče, commemorated yearly, when the local cultural traditions are displayed during a fiesta that lasts throughout the first full weekend of July. According to legend, this feast originates from a 14th century feast of reconciliation between the previously hostile communities of merchants from the towns of Križevac and the nobility from the nearby Kalnik
hillside.
in Koprivnica-Križevci County
. Because of its nearness to Zagreb
(57 km), Križevci is developing like a satellite city. It has a good position because it's close to all regional centers: Koprivnica
(31 km), Bjelovar
(33 km) and Varaždin
(48 km). Very important fact for establishing the city was its macro traffical position. This place was known already in antics and Middle Ages
because that was where the main caravan roads crossed, and there was a famous king's Coloman road that was going through Križevci. That road was connecting Pannonia
and Dalmatia
. In its closer past, many roads and other types of traffic connections were built: Many macadamic roads that connects Posavina
, region around Kalnik
and Podravina
(there were all already finished in 18th century), the railroad from Hungary
to Zagreb, that goes through Koprivnica and Križevci (1870.), and to Bjelovar (1894). Today, city is still important because it connects Bjelovar and Koprivnica, big regional centers, and because it's the place where many regional roads starts from direction of Bjelovar, Gornja Rijeka and Sudovec
, valley of the river Bednja
, zelinsko prigorje over Čanjevo and from Rasinja
over Apatovec. Križevci lies on 140 m above the level of the sea, where the southern part of Kalnik begins.
Topograffically, it lies on pleistocene surface, between swamped alluvial valleys of the brook Vrtlin from the east and the brook Koruska from the west. Relief, geological-petrografical structure, convenient climate and abundance of water, all these were elements of economical and demographic development of the city. Modern demographic-economical transformation has changed relations in space and structure of population, and it's seenable through processes of deagrarization, industrialization and deruralization. This effected with abandonning agricultural production, abandonning villages and moving to Križevci.
forming an absolute majority at 95.37% with Serbs
making up for the 2.29% of the population.
The list of settlements in the administrative area of Križevci is:
entitled the Mother of the Dead Hero.
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
with a total population of 21,155 and with 11,219 in the city itself (2011), the oldest town in its county, the Koprivnica-Križevci county
Koprivnica-Križevci County
Koprivnica-Križevci County is a county in northern Croatia. Its hyphenated name comes from two entities: the two of its largest cities, Koprivnica and Križevci....
.
History
The first mention of the so-called Upper Križevac was from 1193 by Bela III, obtaining the status of Royal Borough in 1252 by the banBan (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
Stephan which was confirmed by King Bela IV a year later.
The so-called Lower Križevac developed somewhat slower than its twin town: it became a free royal town in 1405, thanks to king Sigismund
Sigismund
Sigismund is a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German sigu "victory" + munt "hand, protection". Tacitus Latinises it Segimundus...
.
Bloody Sabor of Križevci
Bloody Sabor of Križevci
Bloody Sabor of Križevci or Bloody Parliament Session or Križevci Bloody Assembly was organised killing of the Croatian ban Stjepan Lacković and his followers by King Sigismund, in Križevci, Croatia on 27 February 1397.-The Prelude:...
was organised killing of the Croatian ban
Ban (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
Stjepan Lacković and his followers by king Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund of Luxemburg KG was King of Hungary, of Croatia from 1387 to 1437, of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last Emperor of the House of Luxemburg. He was also King of Italy from 1431, and of Germany from 1411...
, on 27 February 1397.
Križevac was the birthplace of a Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
priest Marko who died at the hand of Calvinists in Košice
Košice
Košice is a city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary...
in 1619, and was subsequently canonized because of his martyrdom. This event is commemorated every September 7 in Križevci.
After centuries of division, empress Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma...
united the Lower and Upper Križevac into Križevci in 1752 (the word Križevci is plural of Križevac). The town was also hit by the wars with the Turks, but it regained importance in 1871 when the railway was built through it on the way from Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
to Rijeka
Rijeka
Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...
.
These days the town is pretty much oriented towards mass entrepreneurship, but it still enjoys the greatest number of valuable and oldest monuments in the county (both in the town and its surroundings).
Križevci has nine churches (seven Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
, a Serbian Orthodox and a Greek Catholic one), some of them built in the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
. In the oldest Gothic
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
Church of Saint Cross in Križevci, there are important Baroque
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a term used to describe the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late sixteenth century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and...
pictures and a marble altar dating from 18th century (by Francesco Robba). Also interesting is the parish church of St. Anne from 17th century.
Of particular note is the Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, the seat of the Eparchy of Križevci
Eparchy of Križevci
The Eparchy of Križevci, sometimes referred to as the Croatian Greek Catholic Church or the Croatian Byzantine Catholic Church, is a recognized sui iuris Catholic Church listed in the Annuario Pontificio among the Eastern Catholic Churches of Constantinopolitan or Byzantine tradition as the Church...
since 1789. The cathedral building was worked on by some of Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
's finest architects: its facade was rebuilt by Bartol Felbinger in 1817 while an internal reconstruction was performed in the Gothic revival style by Hermann Bolle
Hermann Bollé
Hermann Bollé was an Austrian architect specialized in Church architecture who worked in Croatia.Bollé was born in Köln. He worked on the Cathedral in Đakovo, restored the Zagreb cathedral after the 1880 earthquake, restored Križevci cathedral from 1895-1897, designed the main building of the...
in 1892-97. The iconostasis and the pictures on the walls are works of famous Croatian painters including Ivan Tišov
Ivan Tišov
Ivan Tišov was a Croatian painter. He studied art at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, bringing back ideas of the secession movement to Zagreb...
, Celestin Medović and Bela Čikoš-Sesija.
The city museum exhibits a rich archeological, ethnographic and cultural-historical collection.
The main town manifestation is called Križevačko veliko spravišče, commemorated yearly, when the local cultural traditions are displayed during a fiesta that lasts throughout the first full weekend of July. According to legend, this feast originates from a 14th century feast of reconciliation between the previously hostile communities of merchants from the towns of Križevac and the nobility from the nearby Kalnik
Kalnik
Kalnik is a municipality in the Koprivnica-Križevci County in Croatia. According to the 2011 census, there are 1,361 inhabitants in the area.-References:...
hillside.
Geography
Križevci is a cityCity
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
in Koprivnica-Križevci County
Koprivnica-Križevci County
Koprivnica-Križevci County is a county in northern Croatia. Its hyphenated name comes from two entities: the two of its largest cities, Koprivnica and Križevci....
. Because of its nearness to Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
(57 km), Križevci is developing like a satellite city. It has a good position because it's close to all regional centers: Koprivnica
Koprivnica
Koprivnica is a city in northern Croatia. It is the capital of the Koprivnica-Križevci county. In 2011 the city administrative area had a total population of 30,872, with 23,896 in the city itself.-Population:...
(31 km), Bjelovar
Bjelovar
Bjelovar is a city in central Croatia. It is the administrative centre of Bjelovar-Bilogora County. During the 2001 census, there were 41,869 inhabitants, 90.51% which are Croats....
(33 km) and Varaždin
Varaždin
Varaždin is a city in north Croatia, north of Zagreb on the highway A4. The total population is 47,055, with 38,746 on of the city settlement itself . The centre of Varaždin county is located near the Drava river, at...
(48 km). Very important fact for establishing the city was its macro traffical position. This place was known already in antics and Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
because that was where the main caravan roads crossed, and there was a famous king's Coloman road that was going through Križevci. That road was connecting Pannonia
Pannonia
Pannonia was an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
and Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
. In its closer past, many roads and other types of traffic connections were built: Many macadamic roads that connects Posavina
Posavina
Posavina is a Slavic name for the region of the Sava river basin in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia that is adjacent or near the Sava river itself.-History:...
, region around Kalnik
Kalnik
Kalnik is a municipality in the Koprivnica-Križevci County in Croatia. According to the 2011 census, there are 1,361 inhabitants in the area.-References:...
and Podravina
Podravina
Podravina or Podravje are Slavic names for the Drava river basin in Croatia and Slovenia.-History:...
(there were all already finished in 18th century), the railroad from Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
to Zagreb, that goes through Koprivnica and Križevci (1870.), and to Bjelovar (1894). Today, city is still important because it connects Bjelovar and Koprivnica, big regional centers, and because it's the place where many regional roads starts from direction of Bjelovar, Gornja Rijeka and Sudovec
Sudovec
Sudovec is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D22 highway....
, valley of the river Bednja
Bednja
Bednja is a village and municipality in Croatia in the Varaždin county , and also a river in northern Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 4,765 inhabitants, the majority of Croat descent....
, zelinsko prigorje over Čanjevo and from Rasinja
Rasinja
Rasinja is a settlement and an eponymous municipality in northern Croatia in the Koprivnica–Križevci County, located halfway between Koprivnica and Ludbreg....
over Apatovec. Križevci lies on 140 m above the level of the sea, where the southern part of Kalnik begins.
Topograffically, it lies on pleistocene surface, between swamped alluvial valleys of the brook Vrtlin from the east and the brook Koruska from the west. Relief, geological-petrografical structure, convenient climate and abundance of water, all these were elements of economical and demographic development of the city. Modern demographic-economical transformation has changed relations in space and structure of population, and it's seenable through processes of deagrarization, industrialization and deruralization. This effected with abandonning agricultural production, abandonning villages and moving to Križevci.
Demographics
According to the 2001 census, CroatsCroats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
forming an absolute majority at 95.37% with Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
making up for the 2.29% of the population.
The list of settlements in the administrative area of Križevci is:
- Apatovec, population 350
- Beketinec, population 38
- BojnikovecBojnikovecBojnikovec is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D41 highway....
, population 220 - Bukovje KriževačkoBukovje KriževačkoBukovje Križevačko is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D22 highway....
, population 318 - CarevdarCarevdarCarevdar is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D41 highway....
, population 441 - CubinecCubinecCubinec is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D22 highway....
, population 550 - Čabraji, population 154
- Dijankovec, population 187
- Doljanec, population 54
- Donja BrckovčinaDonja BrckovčinaDonja Brckovčina is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D41 highway.-References:...
, population 166 - Donja Glogovnica, population 130
- Donji Dubovec, population 33
- Đurđic, population 267
- Erdovec, population 207
- Gornja Brckovčina, population 161
- Gornja Glogovnica, population 114
- Gornji Dubovec, population 9
- Gračina, population 212
- Ivanec Križevački, population 308
- Jarčani, population 97
- Karane, population 230
- Kloštar VojakovačkiKloštar VojakovačkiKloštar Vojakovački is a village in Croatia....
, population 366 - KostadinovacKostadinovacLapovo is a village situated in Merošina municipality in Serbia....
, population 15 - Križevci, population 11,219
- Kučari, population 30
- Kunđevec, population 10
- Lemeš, population 111
- Lemeš Križevački, population 184
- MajurecMajurecMajurec is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D41 highway....
, population 424 - Male Sesvete, population 46
- Mali Carevdar, population 19
- Mali Potočec, population 169
- Mali RavenMali RavenMali Raven is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D41 highway....
, population 16 - Marinovec, population 104
- Mičijevac, population 69
- Novaki Ravenski, population 179
- Novi Bošnjani, population 81
- Novi Đurđic, population 129
- Osijek Vojakovački, population 206
- Pavlovec Ravenski, population 99
- Pesek, population 273
- Pobrđani Vojakovački, population 35
- Podgajec, population 209
- Poljana KriževačkaPoljana KriževačkaPoljana Križevačka is a village in Croatia....
, population 396 - Povelić, population 85
- Prikraj Križevački, population 194
- Ruševac, population 180
- Srednji Dubovec, population 94
- Stara Ves Ravenska, population 31
- Stari Bošnjani, population 104
- Sveta HelenaSveta HelenaSveta Helena is a naselje in the town of Sveti Ivan Zelina in Zagreb County, Croatia. It is best known for the highway interchange of A4 highway and B28 expressway it houses. It has 366 inhabitants....
, population 310 - Sveti Martin, population 91
- Špiranec, population 150
- Većeslavec, population 143
- Velike Sesvete, population 88
- Veliki PotočecVeliki PotočecVeliki Potočec is a village in Croatia....
, population 412 - Veliki RavenVeliki RavenVeliki Raven is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D41 highway....
, population 218 - VojakovacVojakovacVojakovac is a village in Croatia....
, population 232 - Vujići Vojakovački, population 57
- Žibrinovec, population 113
Culture
Križevci is home to a monument to the 37 people from the city who died in the Croatian War of IndependenceCroatian War of Independence
The Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 between forces loyal to the government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia —and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat...
entitled the Mother of the Dead Hero.