Kuala Lumpur Monorail
Encyclopedia
The KL Monorail is an urban monorail
Monorail
A monorail is a rail-based transportation system based on a single rail, which acts as its sole support and its guideway. The term is also used variously to describe the beam of the system, or the vehicles traveling on such a beam or track...

 system (previously known as Peoplemover
People mover
A people mover or automated people mover is a fully automated, grade-separated mass transit system.The term is generally used only to describe systems serving relatively small areas such as airports, downtown districts or theme parks, but is sometimes applied to considerably more complex automated...

 Rapid Transit - PRT) in Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur is the capital and the second largest city in Malaysia by population. The city proper, making up an area of , has a population of 1.4 million as of 2010. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million...

, Malaysia. It opened on 31 August 2003, and serves 11 stations running 8.6 km (5 mi) with two parallel elevated tracks. It connects the Kuala Lumpur Sentral
Kuala Lumpur Sentral
Kuala Lumpur Sentral or Sentral Kuala Lumpur is a transit-oriented development that houses the main railway station of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. Opened on 16 April 2001, despite its name it is actually even less central than the old Kuala Lumpur Railway Station, a colonial-era...

 transport hub with the "Golden Triangle". It was completed at a cost of MYR 1.18 billion by the KL Infrastructure Group (KL Infra).

KL Infra declared bankruptcy on 15 May 2007 after repeatedly missing loan repayments. On 29 November 2007, Syarikat Prasarana Negara Berhad
Syarikat Prasarana Negara Berhad
Syarikat Prasarana Negara Berhad is a 100% government-owned company which was set up to own the assets of several public transport services in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, under the government's move to restructure the city's public transport system...

 (SPNB) signed a sale-and-purchase agreement with KL Monorail Systems Sdn Bhd (KLMS). The current operator for the KL Monorail system is RapidKL Rail, a wholly owned subsidiary of SPNB.

According to Ministry of Transport statistics, the annual ridership for the Monorail Line in 2008 was 21,765,233.

Line and stations

The Monorail Line system consists of a single dual-way line
Double track
A double track railway usually involves running one track in each direction, compared to a single track railway where trains in both directions share the same track.- Overview :...

 that links areas of inner Kuala Lumpur previously not served by rail transport, namely Brickfields
Brickfields
Brickfields is a small to medium-sized town and residential neighbourhood located just outside central Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is known as Kuala Lumpur's Little India due to the high percentage of Indian residents and businesses.- History :In 1881, a flood swept through Kuala Lumpur following...

, Bukit Bintang
Bukit Bintang
Bukit Bintang is the name of the shopping and entertainment district of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It encompasses Jalan Bukit Bintang and its immediate surrounding areas...

 and Chow Kit
Chow Kit
Chow Kit is a sub-district in central Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is located around Jalan Chow Kit and is enclosed by the parallel streets of Jalan Raja Laut and Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman. It is named after the tin miner and municipal councillor Loke Chow Kit. Today the area features a large...

, with pre-existing LRT and/or KTM Komuter
KTM Komuter
KTM Komuter is a commuter train service in Malaysia operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu . It was introduced in 1995 to provide local rail services in Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding Klang Valley suburban areas. It is popular with commuters into the city, who thus avoid being caught in road traffic...

 stations at KL Sentral, Hang Tuah
Hang Tuah
Hang Tuah is a legendary warrior/hero who lived during the reign of Sultan Mansur Shah of the Sultanate of Malacca in the 15th century. He was the greatest of all the laksamana, or sultan's admirals, and was known to be a ferocious fighter...

, Bukit Nanas
Bukit Nanas
Bukit Nanas is a landmark of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It contains the only virgin tropical rain forest left in the city. The city planners are dedicated to preserving this jungle located in the heart of Kuala Lumpur...

 and Titiwangsa
Titiwangsa
Titiwangsa is one of the main areas located in the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It can be accessed through the Titiwangsa LRT and Monorail stations. The Kuala Lumpur General Hospital is located south of Titiwangsa. The Eye on Malaysia, a large observation wheel, was formerly located here...

. The line's two terminus stations are on a single track
Single track (rail)
A single track railway is where trains in both directions share the same track. Single track is normally used on lesser used rail lines, often branch lines, where the traffic density is not high enough to justify the cost of building double tracks....

.

The stations are designed as elevated structures with ticketing facilities on either the ground level (as seen in the KL Sentral station) or the first-floor level. The platforms are on the top floor, separated from the monorail lines with fencing and covered with a large canvas roof. Certain stations are situated above roadways, or are slightly longer than others. Each station is also designated with a sponsor, with route maps associating each station with a particular product brand.

The train depot
Train station
A train station, also called a railroad station or railway station and often shortened to just station,"Station" is commonly understood to mean "train station" unless otherwise qualified. This is evident from dictionary entries e.g...

 is located between KL Sentral and Tun Sambanthan station
Tun Sambanthan Monorail station
Tun Sambanthan Monorail station is a Malaysian elevated monorail station that forms a part of the Kuala Lumpur Monorail line located in Kuala Lumpur and opened alongside the rest of the line and other adjoining monorail stations on August 31, 2003....

s.

Rolling stock

The system uses permanently-coupled two-car trains of a similar design to the Seattle Center Monorail
Seattle Center Monorail
The Seattle Center Monorail is an elevated monorail line in Seattle, Washington, that runs a little over one mile along Fifth Avenue from Westlake Center in Downtown to Seattle Center in Lower Queen Anne...

's ALWEG
ALWEG
Alweg was a transportation company known for pioneering straddle-beam monorails.-History:Alweg was founded by Swedish industrial magnate Dr. Axel Lennart Wenner-Gren in January 1953 as Alweg-Forschung, GmbH , based in Fühlingen, Germany, a suburb of Cologne...

 trains. Each monorail train can accommodate 158 passengers during regular operations. The monorail carriages themselves were constructed by MTrans, a Malaysian monorail manufacturer, at the MTrans plant in Rawang
Rawang, Malaysia
Rawang is a town in the district of Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia. It was the capital of Gombak until 1997. It is a developed town.- Location :To reach the town centre, one must drive about 25 minutes from Kuala Lumpur city centre...

, which also featured its own tracks for monorail train tests.

History

The monorail's construction was initiated by Hitachi, Ltd.
Hitachi, Ltd.
is a Japanese multinational conglomerate headquartered in Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. The company is the parent of the Hitachi Group as part of the larger DKB Group companies...

, but the 1997 East Asian financial crisis led to cessation of work in December 1997. When work was resumed in July 1998, MTrans Holdings took over, locally manufacturing its own rolling stock and completing the project to save cost; the line was completed at a cost of MYR 1.18 billion. As the line was opened in 2003, it was agreed that the parent company and owner of the Monorail Line, KL Infrastructure Group, would hold a 40-year concession to operate the monorail. The line and number of stations remains unchanged since 2003.

Since the start of the Monorail Line's operations, the KL Infrastructure Group suffered losses due largely to depreciation
Depreciation
Depreciation refers to two very different but related concepts:# the decrease in value of assets , and# the allocation of the cost of assets to periods in which the assets are used ....

 and interest
Interest
Interest is a fee paid by a borrower of assets to the owner as a form of compensation for the use of the assets. It is most commonly the price paid for the use of borrowed money, or money earned by deposited funds....

 repayment costs. For the financial year to 30 April 2004, KL Infra posted a net loss of MYR 46.24 million on a MYR 15.08 million revenue. KL Infra had also taken up a MYR 300 million Malaysian government loan and a MYR 260 million infrastructure loan from the Development Bank of Malaysia . In addition, KL Infra had proposed to buy MTrans' three subsidiary companies to improve its business, but failed after the Scomi
Scomi
Scomi Group Berhad is a global service provider based in Malaysia mainly involved in oil and gas and transport engineering.Scomi Group Bhd which is listed on the main board of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad, and its Group of companies are involved in three core businesses: Oilfield Services;...

 bought up some of the targeted companies.

Government takeover

In April 2007, talks were under way between KL Infra and the government and the Development Bank of Malaysia to sell the assets and liabilities of the Monorail Line to the National Infrastructure Company (Syarikat Prasarana Negara, SPN), which already owns both the Kelana Jaya Line
Kelana Jaya Line
The Kelana Jaya Line is a medium-capacity rail transport system and one of the three rail transit lines in the Kuala Lumpur Rail Transit System operated by RapidKL Rail network...

 and the Ampang Line
Ampang Line
The Ampang Line is one of the two lines in Kuala Lumpur Rail Transit System network operated by RapidKL Rail network. The other rail network is the Kelana Jaya Line....

, as well as 10% of KL Infra shares. KL Infra was cited as intending to exit Malaysia's monorail business. The takeover is part of the government's master plan to improve the urban public transport sector.

SPN gave its agreement in principle to the takeover of KL Monorail on 22 December 2006 and a follow-up meeting was held on 6 February 2007 with the government on the takeover of its operational assets and assumption of loan liabilities. A due diligence audit was conducted from 5 March 2007 to 27 April 2007 by consultants appointed by the government. Following agreement to the takeover, BPM granted KL Monorail an extension until 29 April 2007 for an interest repayment amounting to MYR 4,244,801.91, which was originally due on 29 December 2006.

However, the takeover seemed to have suffered a setback at least from the perspective of KL Infra when on 26 March 2007, it was notified by BPM that it was not going to entertain any further extensions for interest repayment. Subsequently on 27 April 2007, the bank notified that it would not be granting any moratorium
Debt moratorium
A debt moratorium is a delay in the payment of debts or obligations. The term is generally used to refer to acts by national governments. A moratory law is usually passed in some special period of political or commercial stress; for instance, on several occasions during the Franco-Prussian War,...

 on interest repayments. On 29 April 2007, KL Monorail was not able to make the repayment of the interest instalment which had become due.

On 3 May 2007, KL Monorail was issued a default notice by BPM which sought repayment of the entire principal sum of MYR 609,616,423.73 and capitalised interest of MYR 296,428,910.88 totalling MYR 906,045,334.61. The company was granted seven days from that day to repay the entire sum, which it failed to do. On 14 May 2007, Mohd Anwar Bin Yahya and Cho Choo Meng were appointed receivers and managers by Amanah Raya, the Security Trustee for BPM. Nevertheless, the takeover process is still deemed ongoing, KL Infra stating that it will continue to engage the government and BPM to address the proposed takeover of KL Monorail by SPNB based on earlier discussions and an approval in principle.

One of the effects of the appointment of receivers and managers is the possibility that KL Infra will not be receiving any compensation for KL Monorail should the takeover by SPN go through.

The trading of KL Infra was suspended from 15 May 2007. On the same day, KL Infra's board announced to Bursa Malaysia that it had formed the opinion that it was not solvent and would not be able to pay all its debts in full within a period not exceeding twelve months.

On 28 November 2007, Syarikat Prasarana Negara Bhd signed a sale-and-purchase agreement with KL Monorail Systems Sdn Bhd, effectively making SPNB the operator of KL Monorail, and resulting in SPNB taking over the MYR 882 million BPM loan.

David Cheliah accident

Prior to the opening of the KL Monorail, on 16 August 2002, an accident occurred during a test run involving a 13.4 kg safety wheel falling off a train and hitting the head of a pedestrian walking under the monorail viaduct at Jalan Sultan Ismail. The victim, Mr David Cheliah, a journalist, suffered injuries that required hospitalisation. On 7 March 2003, he filed a MYR 5 million negligence suit against the monorail companies involved in the design, installation and operation of the trains, as well as the Director-General of Railways.

On 8 April 2009, the High Court ruled that the Monorail company was liable for the incident, but not the Director-General of Railways. The matter was settled out of court under undisclosed terms. Although the monorail company reported that any such accident was "unlikely" as six bolts would have to be removed for it to occur and furthermore, a check of all 23 other safety wheels on the train involved did not turn up any other issues, the high court judgement ruled that the monorail company "failed to provide a reasonable explanation as to how the safety wheel had come off the train and instead relied on the possibility that there had been tampering by unknown persons".

As a result of this accident, the launch of the monorail was postponed.

Burst tyre incident

On 22 January 2005, a pneumatic load tyre suddenly burst and caused two women passengers to be injured. The train, carrying about 30 passengers, was about to move from the Chow Kit Road station to the Titiwangsa station when the incident occurred at about 8.50pm. The burst tyre caused a rubber sidewall panel to flip open which then hit the side of a passenger seat and injured a woman's legs and another woman's hands. Train services were suspended for about 30 minutes following the incident.

Ridership

The monthly ridership increased from 341,850 passengers in September 2003 to 1.18 million passengers in August 2004. In 2005, ridership averaged 45,000 passengers per day, trending down to 36,000 in 2008. In August 2008, the monorail attained its 80 millionth passenger since its opening. On 29 July 2009, the monorail reportedly reached the 100 million passenger mark.

The maximum capacity of the monorail is 244 at full load with 48 people sitting and 196 standing. There are 10 units of two-car trains in service.

Expansion

The KL Monorail system has been designed to accommodate future expansion. The system's stations are significantly longer than the current monorail train set, allowing ample room for more cars for each monorail train. Any introduction of longer or larger monorail trains would help alleviate passenger congestion in trains and stations.

In 2004, a shuttle line from the Tun Sambanthan station
Tun Sambanthan Monorail station
Tun Sambanthan Monorail station is a Malaysian elevated monorail station that forms a part of the Kuala Lumpur Monorail line located in Kuala Lumpur and opened alongside the rest of the line and other adjoining monorail stations on August 31, 2003....

 to the Mid Valley Megamall
Mid Valley Megamall
Mid Valley Megamall is a complex comprising a shopping mall, an office tower block, 30 signature offices and 2 hotels located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was opened in November 1999. The mall has 4.5 million square feet of total floor area, out of which 1.7 million square feet is leasable...

 and an extension of the southern end of the line closer to Kuala Lumpur Sentral
Kuala Lumpur Sentral
Kuala Lumpur Sentral or Sentral Kuala Lumpur is a transit-oriented development that houses the main railway station of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. Opened on 16 April 2001, despite its name it is actually even less central than the old Kuala Lumpur Railway Station, a colonial-era...

 were also proposed, but was not approved, as of December 2009. The monorail will not be extended to Kuala Lumpur Sentral, but a link-bridge will probably be built to link to the Nu Shopping Mall and Kuala Lumpur Sentral.

Integration with other lines

The various rail transit lines in the Klang Valley were conceived and built as independent entities, with no thought initially being given to integrating them for ticketing or interchange purposes. The monorail, the newest component of the system, has been criticised for poor connections between its stations and other systems. The KL Sentral monorail station is 140 metres away from the main KL Sentral building, separated by what was previously a giant carpark (Lot G, KL Sentral) and a busy road.

The KL Monorail has accepted Touch 'n Go cards since August 2005 and the integrated RapidKL monthly pass since December 2009.

Poor ergonomics

Not many escalators have been provided. Platforms are narrow and ventilation is poor. Users have to walk up and down many stairs to reach the platform. The stations are also devoid of facilities for disabled
Disability
A disability may be physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental or some combination of these.Many people would rather be referred to as a person with a disability instead of handicapped...

 passengers, lacking elevators or wheelchair lifts along the stairs.

The seating configuration of the trains, where seats are arranged in the middle of the carriage, has been criticised as it encourages standing passengers to stand by the doors and not move into the middle of the carriages, causing congestion when passengers embark or disembark.

Platforms are narrow and roofs are low causing uncomfortable waits for trains. Navigating the station involves climbing many short flights of steps. Escalators, when present at all, only head upwards.

Fares

Ticket prices have been criticised. Compared to other similar journeys of similar distances on other modes of rail transport in the Klang Valley, monorail ticket prices are higher. For example, a one-station journey from Bukit Bintang
Bukit Bintang Monorail station
Bukit Bintang Monorail station is a Malaysian elevated monorail train station that serves as a part of the Kuala Lumpur Monorail , located in Kuala Lumpur and opened alongside the rest of the train service on August 31, 2003.-Location:...

 to Imbi
Imbi Monorail station
Imbi Monorail station is a Malaysian elevated monorail train station that serves as a part of the Kuala Lumpur Monorail , located in Kuala Lumpur and opened alongside the rest of the train service on August 31, 2003...

 (a walking distance) is MYR
Malaysian ringgit
The Malaysian ringgit is the currency of Malaysia. It is divided into 100 sen...

 1.20. A longer one-station ride from Masjid Jamek
Masjid Jamek LRT station
Masjid Jamek LRT station is a rapid transit station in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is the interchange station between two of RapidKL's light rail transit lines, namely the Ampang Line and the Kelana Jaya Line...

 to Pasar Seni
Pasar Seni LRT station
The Pasar Seni LRT station is an LRT station in Kuala Lumpur that is served by rapid KL's Kelana Jaya Line. The station was named after the neighbouring Central Market.The Kuala Lumpur Railway Station which the KTM Komuter serves, is a 400 m walk away...

 on the Kelana Jaya Line
Kelana Jaya Line
The Kelana Jaya Line is a medium-capacity rail transport system and one of the three rail transit lines in the Kuala Lumpur Rail Transit System operated by RapidKL Rail network...

 costs only MYR
Malaysian ringgit
The Malaysian ringgit is the currency of Malaysia. It is divided into 100 sen...

 1.00, whereas a two-station ride from Ampang
Ampang LRT station
Not to be confused with Ampang Park LRT station, a station on the Kelana Jaya Line.Ampang LRT station is a Light Rail Transit station operated by rapidKL served by the Ampang line in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is the eastern terminus for passenger services on the line...

 to Cempaka
Cempaka LRT station
Cempaka LRT station is a Malaysian at-grade rapid transit station situated near and named after the nearby Taman Cempaka , in Ampang Jaya, Selangor...

 on the Ampang Line
Ampang Line
The Ampang Line is one of the two lines in Kuala Lumpur Rail Transit System network operated by RapidKL Rail network. The other rail network is the Kelana Jaya Line....

 costs only MYR
Malaysian ringgit
The Malaysian ringgit is the currency of Malaysia. It is divided into 100 sen...

 0.70.

Social Responsibility

The monorail is no stranger to Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate social responsibility
Corporate social responsibility is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model...

 initiatives, having organized activities such as an on-site blood donation drive, free health screening, and youth training programmes, in recent times.

In line with the Malaysian government's call to build up a 'caring Malaysian society', the KL Monorail implemented the Pets@Monorail programme in 2009, aimed at encouraging and teaching children to become caring and responsible members of society by instilling a sense of awareness and appreciation towards animals. Under this programme, each station adopts and houses certain animals or pets for display; for example, the Hang Tuah station hosts a Lop Ear Rabbit and a Jersey Woolly Rabbit, while the Imbi station has a Bearded Dragon Red Iguana.

See also

  • Kelana Jaya Line
    Kelana Jaya Line
    The Kelana Jaya Line is a medium-capacity rail transport system and one of the three rail transit lines in the Kuala Lumpur Rail Transit System operated by RapidKL Rail network...

  • Ampang Line
    Ampang Line
    The Ampang Line is one of the two lines in Kuala Lumpur Rail Transit System network operated by RapidKL Rail network. The other rail network is the Kelana Jaya Line....

  • Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit
    Greater KL MRT
    The Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit is a proposed 3-line 150 km Mass Rapid Transit ‘””’ system in the Klang Valley/Greater KL conurbation which envisages a “Wheel and Spoke” concept comprising two northeast-southwest radial lines and one circle line looping around Kuala Lumpur city...

  • Monorails in Malaysia
    Monorails in Malaysia
    After the success of the Kuala Lumpur Monorail, there have been numerous proposal laid out in Malaysia to increase users of public transports and to ease the congestion of traffic...

  • Public transport in Kuala Lumpur
    Public transport in Kuala Lumpur
    Public transport in Kuala Lumpur and the Klang Valley covers a variety of transport modes such as bus, rail and taxi.-History of public transport in Kuala Lumpur:...

  • List of metro systems

External links


Route Maps

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