Kurów
Encyclopedia
Kurów AUD is a village
in south-eastern Poland
, located between Puławy and Lublin
, on the Kurówka River. It is capital of a separate gmina
(municipality) called Gmina Kurów
, within Lublin Voivodeship
. The village has 2826 inhabitants (as of 2010).
already existing in the place. Sometime between 1431 and 1442 the village was granted city rights based on the Magdeburg Law. As a private town, it was the centre for the trade in food from the surrounding area. Several fur
and leather
factories were also located here. In 16th century, Kurów was one of the centres of Calvinism
, since many of the Polish Brethren
settled there. By 1660, most of the inhabitants had converted to Arianism
.
After 1660, the town shares its history with the rest of the region. In 1795, after the third partition of Poland
, Kurów was annexed by Austria
. In 1809, it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw
. In 1815, Kurów became part of the Kingdom of Poland
. During the November Uprising
, in February 1831, the minor Battle of Kurów took place, when the Polish forces under general Józef Dwernicki defeated a Russian army. In 1870, a few years after the January Uprising
, the town finally lost its city charter, which has not yet been regained. Since 1918, Kurów is once more part of Poland.
On September 9, 1939, during the Polish Defensive War
, which is the name in Poland for the start of World War II
, the town was heavily bombed by the German Luftwaffe
. Among the targets destroyed was a civilian hospital (marked with red crosses), where many victims perished. During World War II, Germany set up two slave labour camps in the town. In 1942, a minor ghetto
was established. However, most of the Poles imprisoned in Kurów escaped and joined the Polish Home Army units operating from the nearby forests.
- Hrebenne
) and DK12 (Łęknica - Dorohusk
) run through the middle of Kurów. In the fall of 2012 a new section of S17
expressway will be finished, allowing the Lublin-Warsaw traffic to bypass the village. The S12
expressway section from Kurów to Puławy will be built some time around 2012, allowing the traffic from DK12 to avoid the village center.
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
in south-eastern Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, located between Puławy and Lublin
Lublin
Lublin is the ninth largest city in Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 350,392 . Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula river...
, on the Kurówka River. It is capital of a separate gmina
Gmina
The gmina is the principal unit of administrative division of Poland at its lowest uniform level. It is often translated as "commune" or "municipality." As of 2010 there were 2,479 gminas throughout the country...
(municipality) called Gmina Kurów
Gmina Kurów
Gmina Kurów is a rural gmina in Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Kurów, which lies approximately east of Puławy and north-west of the regional capital Lublin....
, within Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship
- Administrative division :Lublin Voivodeship is divided into 24 counties : 4 city counties and 20 land counties. These are further divided into 213 gminas....
. The village has 2826 inhabitants (as of 2010).
History
The earliest historical mention of Kurów comes from a document issued in 1185, which mentions a church dedicated to Saint GilesSaint Giles
Saint Giles was a Greek Christian hermit saint from Athens, whose legend is centered in Provence and Septimania. The tomb in the abbey Giles was said to have founded, in St-Gilles-du-Gard, became a place of pilgrimage and a stop on the road that led from Arles to Santiago de Compostela, the...
already existing in the place. Sometime between 1431 and 1442 the village was granted city rights based on the Magdeburg Law. As a private town, it was the centre for the trade in food from the surrounding area. Several fur
Fur
Fur is a synonym for hair, used more in reference to non-human animals, usually mammals; particularly those with extensives body hair coverage. The term is sometimes used to refer to the body hair of an animal as a complete coat, also known as the "pelage". Fur is also used to refer to animal...
and leather
Leather
Leather is a durable and flexible material created via the tanning of putrescible animal rawhide and skin, primarily cattlehide. It can be produced through different manufacturing processes, ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.-Forms:...
factories were also located here. In 16th century, Kurów was one of the centres of Calvinism
Calvinism
Calvinism is a Protestant theological system and an approach to the Christian life...
, since many of the Polish Brethren
Polish Brethren
The Polish Brethren were members of the Minor Reformed Church of Poland, a Nontrinitarian Protestant church that existed in Poland from 1565 to 1658...
settled there. By 1660, most of the inhabitants had converted to Arianism
Arianism
Arianism is the theological teaching attributed to Arius , a Christian presbyter from Alexandria, Egypt, concerning the relationship of the entities of the Trinity and the precise nature of the Son of God as being a subordinate entity to God the Father...
.
After 1660, the town shares its history with the rest of the region. In 1795, after the third partition of Poland
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years...
, Kurów was annexed by Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
. In 1809, it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw
Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw was a Polish state established by Napoleon I in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit. The duchy was held in personal union by one of Napoleon's allies, King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony...
. In 1815, Kurów became part of the Kingdom of Poland
Congress Poland
The Kingdom of Poland , informally known as Congress Poland , created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, was a personal union of the Russian parcel of Poland with the Russian Empire...
. During the November Uprising
November Uprising
The November Uprising , Polish–Russian War 1830–31 also known as the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when the young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress...
, in February 1831, the minor Battle of Kurów took place, when the Polish forces under general Józef Dwernicki defeated a Russian army. In 1870, a few years after the January Uprising
January Uprising
The January Uprising was an uprising in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against the Russian Empire...
, the town finally lost its city charter, which has not yet been regained. Since 1918, Kurów is once more part of Poland.
On September 9, 1939, during the Polish Defensive War
Invasion of Poland (1939)
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War in Poland and the Poland Campaign in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the start of World War II in Europe...
, which is the name in Poland for the start of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the town was heavily bombed by the German Luftwaffe
Luftwaffe
Luftwaffe is a generic German term for an air force. It is also the official name for two of the four historic German air forces, the Wehrmacht air arm founded in 1935 and disbanded in 1946; and the current Bundeswehr air arm founded in 1956....
. Among the targets destroyed was a civilian hospital (marked with red crosses), where many victims perished. During World War II, Germany set up two slave labour camps in the town. In 1942, a minor ghetto
Ghetto
A ghetto is a section of a city predominantly occupied by a group who live there, especially because of social, economic, or legal issues.The term was originally used in Venice to describe the area where Jews were compelled to live. The term now refers to an overcrowded urban area often associated...
was established. However, most of the Poles imprisoned in Kurów escaped and joined the Polish Home Army units operating from the nearby forests.
Old buildings and places
- church (built in 1452, refurbished in 1692) with the grave of the Zbąski family and sculptures by Santi GucciSanti GucciSanti Gucci was a Polish-Italian architect and sculptor.-Biography:He moved to Poland after 1550, most probably from Florence, and became the court artist of king Sigismund II Augustus of Poland, his queen consort Anna Jagiellonka and his successor Stefan Batory of Poland...
(1587) - bell tower (built in 18th century)
- gate (built in 1911)
- rectory (built in 1778-1782)
- vicar's building and parish school
- cemetery
- Commune Hall (built in 19th century)
- postal inn (built in 18th century)
- thermae (built in 19th century)
- some monuments
Transport
Busy national roads DK17 (WarsawWarsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
- Hrebenne
Hrebenne
Hrebenne is the name of two villages in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland:*Hrebenne, Hrubieszów County*Hrebenne, Tomaszów Lubelski County...
) and DK12 (Łęknica - Dorohusk
Dorohusk
Dorohusk is a village in Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Dorohusk. It lies approximately east of Chełm and east of the regional capital Lublin.The village has a population of 517.-References:...
) run through the middle of Kurów. In the fall of 2012 a new section of S17
Expressway S17 (Poland)
Expressway S17 or Express Road S17 is an important road in Poland which, when completed, will run from Warsaw, through Lublin, to the border crossing with Ukraine at Hrebenne/Rava-Ruska. As of May 2009, out of planned have been completed. These are three separate sections forming the bypasses...
expressway will be finished, allowing the Lublin-Warsaw traffic to bypass the village. The S12
Expressway S12 (Poland)
Expressway S12 or express road S12 is a major road in Poland which has been planned to run from Piotrków Trybunalski, through Radom, Lublin and Chełm, to the border crossing with Ukraine at Dorohusk. The completed road should be about long...
expressway section from Kurów to Puławy will be built some time around 2012, allowing the traffic from DK12 to avoid the village center.
Education
- kindergarten
- primary school
- university-preparatory school
- secondary school for adults
Famous people
- Wojciech JaruzelskiWojciech JaruzelskiWojciech Witold Jaruzelski is a retired Polish military officer and Communist politician. He was the last Communist leader of Poland from 1981 to 1989, Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985 and the country's head of state from 1985 to 1990. He was also the last commander-in-chief of the Polish People's...
– general, former Polish president (born 1923 in Kurów) - Jacek Janczarski – satirist, dramatist, film scriptwriter (born 1945 in Kurów, died 2000 in Warsaw)
- Czesław Janczarski – poet, writer of fairy tales for children (born 1911 in Hruszwica, died 1971 in WarsawWarsawWarsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
) - Klemens KurowskiKlemens KurowskiKlemens Kurowski from Drożojewice and Kurów - polish nobleman and senator.Born around 1340 r. died before 1405 r. Came from Kurów near Szczyrzyc and Wiśnicz. Became castellan of Żarnów. Between - became senator....
- Polish nobleman and senator, owner of Kurów (born around 1340, died before 1405) - Piotr Kurowski – castellan, owner of Kurów (died 1463)
- Grzegorz Piramowicz – priest in Kurów, writer, philosopher (born 1735 in Lvov, died 1801 in Międzyrzec PodlaskiMiedzyrzec PodlaskiMiędzyrzec Podlaski is a city in Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland, with the population of 17,162 inhabitants as of 2006. The total area of the city is 20.03 km2...
) - Ignacy Potocki – nobleman, owner of Kurów (born 1750, died 1809 in WienWienWien is the German language name for Vienna, the city and federal state in Austria.* Wien , in Vienna, Austria* Theater an der Wien, a theater in Vienna located at the former river WienWien may also refer to:...
)