Kynurenine
Encyclopedia
L-Kynurenine is a metabolite
of the amino acid L-tryptophan
used in the production of niacin
. It has been associated with tic
s.
Kynureninase
catabolizes the conversion of kynurenine into anthranilic acid
while kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase
catabolizes its conversion into kynurenic acid
. Kynurenine 3-hydroxylase converts kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine
.
Metabolite
Metabolites are the intermediates and products of metabolism. The term metabolite is usually restricted to small molecules. A primary metabolite is directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction. Alcohol is an example of a primary metabolite produced in large-scale by industrial...
of the amino acid L-tryptophan
Tryptophan
Tryptophan is one of the 20 standard amino acids, as well as an essential amino acid in the human diet. It is encoded in the standard genetic code as the codon UGG...
used in the production of niacin
Niacin
"Niacin" redirects here. For the neo-fusion band, see Niacin .Niacin is an organic compound with the formula and, depending on the definition used, one of the forty to eighty essential human nutrients.Niacin is one of five vitamins associated with a pandemic deficiency disease: niacin deficiency...
. It has been associated with tic
Tic
A tic is a sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization involving discrete muscle groups. Tics can be invisible to the observer, such as abdominal tensing or toe crunching. Common motor and phonic tics are, respectively, eye blinking and throat clearing...
s.
Kynureninase
Kynureninase
Kynureninase or L-Kynurenine hydrolase is a PLP dependent enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of kynurenine into anthranilic acid . It can also act on 3hKyn and some other -alanines...
catabolizes the conversion of kynurenine into anthranilic acid
Anthranilic acid
Anthranilic acid is the organic compound with the formula C6H4COOH. This amino acid is a white solid when pure, although commercial samples may appear yellow. The molecule consists of a benzene ring with two adjacent functional groups, a carboxylic acid and an amine...
while kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase
Kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase
In enzymology, a kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-kynurenine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are 4--2,4-dioxobutanoate and L-glutamate.This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases,...
catabolizes its conversion into kynurenic acid
Kynurenic acid
Kynurenic acid is a product of the normal metabolism of amino acid L-tryptophan. It has been shown that kynurenic acid possesses neuroactive activity. It acts as an antiexcitotoxic and anticonvulsant, most likely through acting as an antagonist at excitatory amino acid receptors...
. Kynurenine 3-hydroxylase converts kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine
3-Hydroxykynurenine
3-Hydroxykynurenine is a metabolite of tryptophan, which filters UV light in the human lens.-See also:* Kynurenine* Ommochrome...
.
See also
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenaseIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenaseIndoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase is an immunomodulatory enzyme produced by some alternatively activated macrophages and other immunoregulatory cells...
- N′-FormylkynurenineN'-FormylkynurenineN′-Formylkynurenine is an intermediate in the catabolism of tryptophan. It is a formylated derivative of kynurenine.-See also:* Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* Kynurenine...