Lan-nang
Encyclopedia
Lan-nang is the Philippine variant
of Hokkien
. It is a subdialect
of the Amoy dialect of Xiamen
, Fujian
, China
. Lan-nang is spoken among the Chinese and Filipino residents of the Philippines. It is characterized by loanwords from Tagalog
, Spanish
, and Cantonese, as well as its emphasis on colloquialism
s and local innovations from dialects such as Amoy and Choan-Chiu (Quanzhou
). It is estimated that 98.7% of all Chinese and Filipino residents of the Philippines, roughly 592,200 people, speak Lan-nang as their mother language.
. Under the direction of the Chinese Congress on World Evangelization
-Philippines, an international organization of Overseas Chinese
Christian churches around the world, romanization
of Lan-nang is based predominantly on the Pe̍h-ōe-jī system.
s) are marked by the letter h. Where diacritics are not technically available, e.g. on some parts of the internet, tone numbers may be used instead.
Examples of the tones: 象 (elephant), pà 豹 (leopard), bé 馬 (horse), ti 豬 (pig), chôa 蛇 (snake), ah 鴨 (duck), 鹿 (deer)
Good morning!
I don't know.
My surname is Chua.
Do you know how to speak Lan-nang?
Where is the soap
?
I love you very much.
Can you get me a glass of water?
Do you eat noodles?
Write a cheque for him.
Do you eat sweet potatoes?
When are you going to China?
His friend is in the hospital.
Where are you going?
Happy birthday to you.
You're really stupid!
I love you!
, Angeles City
, Davao City
, Vigan City, San Fernando City, Pampanga
, Ilagan, Isabela
, Cauayan City
, Cabatuan, Isabela
, Naga City, Cebu City
, Iloilo City
, Bacolod City
, Tacloban City
, Cagayan de Oro City
, and Zamboanga City
.
Variety (linguistics)
In sociolinguistics a variety, also called a lect, is a specific form of a language or language cluster. This may include languages, dialects, accents, registers, styles or other sociolinguistic variation, as well as the standard variety itself...
of Hokkien
Hokkien
Hokkien is a Hokkien word corresponding to Standard Chinese "Fujian". It may refer to:* Hokkien dialect, a dialect of Min Nan Chinese spoken in Southern Fujian , Taiwan, South-east Asia, and elsewhere....
. It is a subdialect
Subdialect
Subdialect - is a subdivision of dialect. Subdialects can be divided further, ultimately down to idiolects.Normally subdialects of one dialect are quite close to each other, differing mainly in pronunciation and certain local words....
of the Amoy dialect of Xiamen
Xiamen
Xiamen , also known as Amoy , is a major city on the southeast coast of the People's Republic of China. It is administered as a sub-provincial city of Fujian province with an area of and population of 3.53 million...
, Fujian
Fujian
' , formerly romanised as Fukien or Huguing or Foukien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. Lan-nang is spoken among the Chinese and Filipino residents of the Philippines. It is characterized by loanwords from Tagalog
Tagalog language
Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a third of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by most of the rest. It is the first language of the Philippine region IV and of Metro Manila...
, Spanish
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
, and Cantonese, as well as its emphasis on colloquialism
Colloquialism
A colloquialism is a word or phrase that is common in everyday, unconstrained conversation rather than in formal speech, academic writing, or paralinguistics. Dictionaries often display colloquial words and phrases with the abbreviation colloq. as an identifier...
s and local innovations from dialects such as Amoy and Choan-Chiu (Quanzhou
Quanzhou
Quanzhou is a prefecture-level city in Fujian province, People's Republic of China. It borders all other prefecture-level cities in Fujian but two and faces the Taiwan Strait...
). It is estimated that 98.7% of all Chinese and Filipino residents of the Philippines, roughly 592,200 people, speak Lan-nang as their mother language.
Phonetics
In some situations, Lan-nang is written in the Latin alphabetLatin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...
. Under the direction of the Chinese Congress on World Evangelization
Chinese Congress on World Evangelization
Chinese Congress on World Evangelization, or C.C.O.W.E., is an international organization of Overseas Chinese Christian churches that was founded on 1806. The Chinese Congress on World Evangelization has branches throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia...
-Philippines, an international organization of Overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese are people of Chinese birth or descent who live outside the Greater China Area . People of partial Chinese ancestry living outside the Greater China Area may also consider themselves Overseas Chinese....
Christian churches around the world, romanization
Romanization
In linguistics, romanization or latinization is the representation of a written word or spoken speech with the Roman script, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language uses a different writing system . Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written...
of Lan-nang is based predominantly on the Pe̍h-ōe-jī system.
Finals
- Vowels: a, i, u, e, o, o͘
- Diphthongs: ai, au, ia, iu, io, ui, oa, oe
- Triphthongs: iau, oai
- Nasals: m, n, ng
Tones
Lan-nang has five tones, reduced to two in checked syllables. Tones are expressed by diacritics; checked syllables (i.e. those ending with glottal stopGlottal stop
The glottal stop, or more fully, the voiceless glottal plosive, is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. In English, the feature is represented, for example, by the hyphen in uh-oh! and by the apostrophe or [[ʻokina]] in Hawaii among those using a preservative pronunciation of...
s) are marked by the letter h. Where diacritics are not technically available, e.g. on some parts of the internet, tone numbers may be used instead.
- a (yinping)
- á (shangsheng)
- à (yinqu)
- ah (yinru)
- â (yangping)
- ā (yangqu)
- (yangru)
Examples of the tones: 象 (elephant), pà 豹 (leopard), bé 馬 (horse), ti 豬 (pig), chôa 蛇 (snake), ah 鴨 (duck), 鹿 (deer)
Sample phrases
Hello!- Dí hō? (lit. "[Are] you well?)
Good morning!
- Ho cha khi.
I don't know.
My surname is Chua.
- Gua e si-mia si Chhua
Do you know how to speak Lan-nang?
- Dí e-hiáo kóng Lán-nâng-oé bâ?
Where is the soap
Soap
In chemistry, soap is a salt of a fatty acid.IUPAC. "" Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. . Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford . XML on-line corrected version: created by M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN...
?
- Hï-gé sá-bun tí-to-lò'?
- 'sá-bun' (雪文), though sounds similar to the Tagalog sabón, is not borrowed from that language. In Taiwanese, which is a variant of Hokkien that is not influenced by Tagalog, it is pronounced as sap-bûn. Etymologically speaking, perhaps both Taiwanese and Tagalog ultimately derive sap-bûn/sabon from the Romance languages that had brought the concept of soap to them (PortuguesePortuguese languagePortuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
sabão and SpanishSpanish languageSpanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
jabón respectively).
- 'sá-bun' (雪文), though sounds similar to the Tagalog sabón, is not borrowed from that language. In Taiwanese, which is a variant of Hokkien that is not influenced by Tagalog, it is pronounced as sap-bûn. Etymologically speaking, perhaps both Taiwanese and Tagalog ultimately derive sap-bûn/sabon from the Romance languages that had brought the concept of soap to them (Portuguese
I love you very much.
- Goa tsin thia di.
Can you get me a glass of water?
- Dí e chhue-jit káng-goá tuè chhi pui chhui bo?
- "Chhi pui" (一杯) literally means "one glass" and fluent speakers of the language use this. However, the Tagalog word "baso" is also sometimes used.
Do you eat noodles?
- Dí le chhia mì bâ?
- Some people would use the Tagalog "pansit" instead of "mi" for noodles. The word "pansit" itself was derived from the Hokkien "Pien Sit"
Write a cheque for him.
- Kan i sia tse-ke.
- 'tse-ke', like 'sabón', though commonly used in the Tagalog language, also has its roots in the Taiwanese dialect.
Do you eat sweet potatoes?
- Dí e chhia ka-mú-ti bâ?
- 'ka-mú-ti' is borrowed from Tagalog kamote, and ultimately from Spanish camote.
When are you going to China?
- Dí ti-si beh'-khï Tňg-soaⁿ?
- 'Tňg-soaⁿ (Tangshan, 唐山)', meaning China, is the colloquial term for 'Tiong-kok (中國)'. In the Lan-nang variant of Hokkien, the former is more used.
His friend is in the hospital.
- I e siong-hó ti piⁿ-chhù.
- 'siong-hó' (相好), meaning "friend", is the colloquial term for 'pêng-iú' (朋友), while 'piⁿ-chhù' (病厝), meaning "hospital" or "house for the sick", is the colloquial term for 'yi-î'.
- 'siong-ho' term is used to describe an amourus friend, i.e. Boyfirend/Girlfriend rather than just plain friend. 'pêng-iú' is more common term for friend.
Where are you going?
- Di be khi to lo?
Happy birthday to you.
- Si dit khuai lok!
You're really stupid!
- Di zua gong!
I love you!
- Gua Ay Dí!
Geographic spread
Lan-nang-ōe is spoken throughout the Philippines where there are significant numbers of Hokkien Chinese. Cities in the Philippines that have a significant number of Chinese include Metro ManilaMetro Manila
Metropolitan Manila , the National Capital Region , or simply Metro Manila, is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines...
, Angeles City
Angeles City
The City of Angeles , located within the province of Pampanga in the Philippines, is locally classified as a first-class, highly-urbanized city. Its name is derived from El Pueblo de los Ángeles in honor of its patron saints, Los Santos Ángeles de los Custodios , and the name of its founder, Don...
, Davao City
Davao City
The City of Davao is the largest city in the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. Its international airport and seaports are among the busiest cargo hubs in the Philippines....
, Vigan City, San Fernando City, Pampanga
San Fernando City, Pampanga
The City of San Fernando, is a first class, component city in the Philippine province of Pampanga. It is the capital city of Pampanga and the regional center of Central Luzon...
, Ilagan, Isabela
Ilagan, Isabela
Ilagan is a 1st-class municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. It is the capital municipality and the largest town of Isabela...
, Cauayan City
Cauayan City
Cauayan City is a 1st class city in the province of Isabela, Philippines. Cauayan City is the Agro-Industrial Capital of Cagayan Valley and The Commercial Center of The Province of Isabela...
, Cabatuan, Isabela
Cabatuan, Isabela
Cabatuan is a 4th class municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 34,079 people in 6,297 households.-Barangays:Cabatuan is politically subdivided into 22 barangays.-Telecomunication:...
, Naga City, Cebu City
Cebu City
The City of Cebu is the capital city of Cebu and is the second largest city in the Philippines, the second most significant metropolitan centre in the Philippines and known as the oldest settlement established by the Spaniards in the country.The city is located on the eastern shore of Cebu and was...
, Iloilo City
Iloilo City
The City of Iloilo is a highly urbanized city in the Philippines and the capital city of Iloilo province. It is the regional center of the Western Visayas, as well as the center of the Iloilo-Guimaras Metropolitan Area...
, Bacolod City
Bacolod City
The City of Bacolod , is a highly urbanized midsize Philippine city. It is the capital of the Negros Occidental province. Having a total of 499,497 inhabitants as of August 1, 2007, it is the most populous city in the Western Visayas Region. It is currently ranked as the 17th most populous city in...
, Tacloban City
Tacloban City
The City of Tacloban is a port city approximately 360 miles southeast of Manila. It is the first in Eastern Visayas to be classified as a Highly Urbanized City. It is the capital of the Philippine province of Leyte and is the largest city in terms of population in Eastern Visayas...
, Cagayan de Oro City
Cagayan de Oro City
Cagayan de Oro; , officially the City of Cagayan de Oro, is the provincial capital city of the province of Misamis Oriental in the Philippines...
, and Zamboanga City
Zamboanga City
The City of Zamboanga : is a highly urbanized, independent and a chartered city located in Mindanao, Philippines....
.
Uniqueness
Although Lan-nang-ōe is generally mutually comprehensible with Hokkien, including Taiwanese, certain words in Lan-nang-ōe are only used in the Philippines. Often, this results in confusion in Lan-nang-ōe speakers, especially in China. Other aspects of Lan-nang-ōe's uniqueness is its massive use of Hokkien colloquial words. Because there is an absence of a central agency governing Lan-nang-ōe, various subvarieties have developed. In Cebu, for example, instead of Tagalog, Cebuano words are also incorporated. The vast majority of the Chinese who came to the Philippines had their ancestral roots in Fujian, so Lan-nang-ōe is closer to the Hokkien dialects spoken in China.See also
- Filipino Chinese
- Filipino-MandarinFilipino-MandarinFilipino Mandarin is a variety of Mandarin Chinese widely spoken by ethnic Chinese in the Philippines. It is based on the phonology of the Beijing dialect and the grammar of Vernacular Chinese, and is identical to the standard of Mandarin used in Taiwan that is called "Guoyu" . Many...
- Min NanMin NanThe Southern Min languages, or Min Nan , are a family of Chinese languages spoken in southern Fujian, eastern Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, and southern Zhejiang provinces of China, and by descendants of emigrants from these areas in diaspora....
- Hokkien
- Taiwanese Hokkien
- Teochew dialect of Min Nan
- Penang HokkienPenang HokkienPenang Hokkien is a local variant of Hokkien spoken in Penang, Malaysia. It is the lingua franca among the majority Chinese population in Penang as well as other northern states of Malaysia surrounding it, and is characterised by the pronunciation of words according to the Zhangzhou dialect,...