Lancia V4 engine
Encyclopedia
Lancia
pioneered the V engine
design, producing the first V6
as well as the first V4
s. Several different V4 families were produced from the 1920s through 1960s.
from 1922 through 1931. It was a narrow-angle aluminum design. All three engine displacement
s shared the same long 120 mm (4.7 in) stroke, and all were SOHC designs with a single camshaft serving both banks of cylinders.
Engines:
. Bore was set at 82.55 mm (3.3 in) as in the 2.6 L Lambda, but stroke was reduced to a more conventional 90 mm (3.5 in). Total displacement was 1927 cc, with 55 hp (41 kW) produced at 4000 rpm.
. Produced from 1934 through 1938, the Augusta's engine displaced just 1196 cc with a 69.85 mm (2.8 in) bore and 78 mm (3.1 in) stroke. Power output was 35 hp (26 kW) at 4000 rpm.
. The first-series cars used a 1352 cc version with a 72 mm (2.8 in) bore and 82 mm (3.2 in) stroke. Output was 47 hp (35 kW) at 4300 rpm.
A second series was unveiled for 1939 with an enlarged 1486 cc engine. It did not share its predecessor's dimensions, with bore now at 74.61 mm (2.9 in) and stroke at 85 mm (3.3 in). Power output was nearly the same at 48 hp (36 kW).
. It was a 20° narrow-angle engine displacing just 903 cc. Bore and stroke were new again at 65 mm (2.6 in) by 68 mm, and output was just 28.8 hp (21.5 kW).
. It featured an even narrower 10° cylinder bank and just 1090 cc of displacement. An initial 38 hp (28 kW) of power grew to 43 hp (32 kW) in 1956. 48 hp (36 kW) was available in 1959.
. Designed by Zaccone Mina, it used a narrow angle (13°) and was mounted well forward at a 45° angle. The engine was a true DOHC design with one camshaft operating all intake valves and another operating all exhaust valves.
Displacement began at just 1091 cc with 59 hp (44 kW) with a 72 mm (2.8 in) bore and 67 mm (2.6 in) stroke. A higher (9.0:1) compression ratio
raised power to 71 hp (53 kW) soon after.
The engine was bored to 6 mm (0.236220472440945 in) to enlarge engine displacement
to 1216 cc for the Coupé model. This, and some tuning, raised output to 80 hp (60 kW), furtherly enhanced up to 88 hp (66 kW) for the HF model.
The engine was reengineered with a slightly narrower bank angle and longer (69.7 mm) stroke for 1967. Three displacements were produced: 1199 cc (74 mm bore), 1231 cc (75 mm bore), and 1298 cc (77 mm bore). The latter engine is most common, with the former only sold in Greece
. Three level of performance were available: 87 hp (65 kW) for common 1.3 Liter (commonly imported in USA and described as "highly tuned" by Road & Track
at the time); 90 hp (67 kW) for its 1.3s evolution and 101 hp (75 kW) for the Rallye HF.
The engine was redone again for a new HF with an even-narrower angle (11° now) and longer 75 mm (3 in) stroke for its final incarnation. A bore of 82 mm (3.2 in) gave it a displacement of 1584 cc, and power shot up to 114 to 132 hp (85 to 98 kW) depending on tune.
Lancia
Lancia Automobiles S.p.A. is an Italian automobile manufacturer founded in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia and which became part of the Fiat Group in 1969. The company has a long history of producing distinctive cars and also has a strong rally heritage. Some modern Lancias are seen as presenting a more...
pioneered the V engine
V engine
A V engine, or Vee engine is a common configuration for an internal combustion engine. The cylinders and pistons are aligned, in two separate planes or 'banks', so that they appear to be in a "V" when viewed along the axis of the crankshaft...
design, producing the first V6
V6 engine
A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of three cylinders, usually set at either a right angle or an acute angle to each other, with all six pistons driving a common crankshaft...
as well as the first V4
V4 engine
A V4 engine is a V form engine with four cylinders and three main bearings.-Automobile use:Lancia produced several narrow-angle V4 engines from the 1920s through 1960s for cars like the Lambda, Augusta, Artena, Aprilia, Ardea, Appia, and Fulvia....
s. Several different V4 families were produced from the 1920s through 1960s.
Lambda
The first V4 was used in the LambdaLancia Lambda
The Lancia Lambda is an innovative automobile produced from 1922 through 1931. It was the first car to feature a load-bearing monocoque-type body, and it also pioneered the use of an independent suspension . Vincenzo Lancia even invented a shock absorber for the car and it had excellent four wheel...
from 1922 through 1931. It was a narrow-angle aluminum design. All three engine displacement
Engine displacement
Engine displacement is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of an internal combustion engine in a single movement from top dead centre to bottom dead centre . It is commonly specified in cubic centimeters , litres , or cubic inches...
s shared the same long 120 mm (4.7 in) stroke, and all were SOHC designs with a single camshaft serving both banks of cylinders.
Engines:
- 2119 cc (75 mm), 49 hp (36.5 kW) at 3250 rpm
- 2370 cc (79.37 mm), 59 hp (44 kW) at 3250 rpm
- 2568 cc (82.55 mm), 69 hp (51.5 kW) at 3500 rpm
Artena
The Lambda engine was updated for the ArtenaLancia Artena
The Lancia Artena was produced between 1931 and 1936 by the Italian automanufacturer Lancia. The car was powered by a 2 litre Lancia V4 engine....
. Bore was set at 82.55 mm (3.3 in) as in the 2.6 L Lambda, but stroke was reduced to a more conventional 90 mm (3.5 in). Total displacement was 1927 cc, with 55 hp (41 kW) produced at 4000 rpm.
Augusta
An all-new V4 was designed for the AugustaLancia Augusta
The Lancia Augusta was produced by Italian automanufacturer Lancia between 1933-1936. The car was powered by a 1196 cc Lancia V4 engine.During the 1920s, Lancia had been known as producers of sports cars and middle sized sedans: the smaller Augusta represented a departure from that tradition, and...
. Produced from 1934 through 1938, the Augusta's engine displaced just 1196 cc with a 69.85 mm (2.8 in) bore and 78 mm (3.1 in) stroke. Power output was 35 hp (26 kW) at 4000 rpm.
Aprilia
The engine was redesigned again for 1936's ApriliaLancia Aprilia
Lancia Aprilia is automobile manufactured by Lancia, one of the first designed using wind tunnel in collaboration with Battista Farina and Politecnico di Torino, achieving a record low drag coefficient of 0.47....
. The first-series cars used a 1352 cc version with a 72 mm (2.8 in) bore and 82 mm (3.2 in) stroke. Output was 47 hp (35 kW) at 4300 rpm.
A second series was unveiled for 1939 with an enlarged 1486 cc engine. It did not share its predecessor's dimensions, with bore now at 74.61 mm (2.9 in) and stroke at 85 mm (3.3 in). Power output was nearly the same at 48 hp (36 kW).
Ardea
A small V4 powered the compact 1939 ArdeaLancia Ardea
The Lancia Ardea was a small sedan produced by the Turin firm between 1939 and 1953. Its unusually short bonnet/hood reportedly contained the smallest V4 engine ever commercialized in an automobile....
. It was a 20° narrow-angle engine displacing just 903 cc. Bore and stroke were new again at 65 mm (2.6 in) by 68 mm, and output was just 28.8 hp (21.5 kW).
Appia
The V4 returned after the war with the 1953 AppiaLancia Appia
The Lancia Appia was a car introduced in 1953 as a replacement for the Ardea and in production for 10 years. The Appia was the last in a long line of Lancia production cars dating back to the Lancia Lambda to use the famous sliding pillar front suspension...
. It featured an even narrower 10° cylinder bank and just 1090 cc of displacement. An initial 38 hp (28 kW) of power grew to 43 hp (32 kW) in 1956. 48 hp (36 kW) was available in 1959.
Fulvia
Lancia's final V4 series were used in the FulviaLancia Fulvia
The Lancia Fulvia is an Italian car introduced at the Geneva Motor Show in 1963 by Lancia. It was produced by that company through 1976. Fulvias are notable for their role in automobile racing history, including winning the International Rally Championship in 1972...
. Designed by Zaccone Mina, it used a narrow angle (13°) and was mounted well forward at a 45° angle. The engine was a true DOHC design with one camshaft operating all intake valves and another operating all exhaust valves.
Displacement began at just 1091 cc with 59 hp (44 kW) with a 72 mm (2.8 in) bore and 67 mm (2.6 in) stroke. A higher (9.0:1) compression ratio
Compression ratio
The 'compression ratio' of an internal-combustion engine or external combustion engine is a value that represents the ratio of the volume of its combustion chamber from its largest capacity to its smallest capacity...
raised power to 71 hp (53 kW) soon after.
The engine was bored to 6 mm (0.236220472440945 in) to enlarge engine displacement
Engine displacement
Engine displacement is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of an internal combustion engine in a single movement from top dead centre to bottom dead centre . It is commonly specified in cubic centimeters , litres , or cubic inches...
to 1216 cc for the Coupé model. This, and some tuning, raised output to 80 hp (60 kW), furtherly enhanced up to 88 hp (66 kW) for the HF model.
The engine was reengineered with a slightly narrower bank angle and longer (69.7 mm) stroke for 1967. Three displacements were produced: 1199 cc (74 mm bore), 1231 cc (75 mm bore), and 1298 cc (77 mm bore). The latter engine is most common, with the former only sold in Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
. Three level of performance were available: 87 hp (65 kW) for common 1.3 Liter (commonly imported in USA and described as "highly tuned" by Road & Track
Road & Track
Road & Track is an American automotive enthusiast magazine. It is owned by Hearst Magazines, and is published monthly. The editorial offices are located in Newport Beach, California.-History:...
at the time); 90 hp (67 kW) for its 1.3s evolution and 101 hp (75 kW) for the Rallye HF.
The engine was redone again for a new HF with an even-narrower angle (11° now) and longer 75 mm (3 in) stroke for its final incarnation. A bore of 82 mm (3.2 in) gave it a displacement of 1584 cc, and power shot up to 114 to 132 hp (85 to 98 kW) depending on tune.