Landulfids
Encyclopedia
The Landulfids or Atenulfings were a noble family of Lombardic
origin in the ninth through eleventh centuries. They were descended from Landulf I of Capua
, whose own ancestry is unknown and who died in 843. The dynasty produced a line of princes which ruled most of southern Italy at one time or another and even one pope, Victor III
.
In 839, a civil war broke out in the Principality of Benevento. Landulf of Capua supported Siconulf in the war and when the Emperor Louis II forced a division of the principality on the claimants in 849, Capua was assigned to the Principality of Salerno
. But Landulf's heirs aimed to make themselves independnet of any princely authority. By 860–861 this task was essentially complete and Capua was independent county.
Lombards
The Lombards , also referred to as Longobards, were a Germanic tribe of Scandinavian origin, who from 568 to 774 ruled a Kingdom in Italy...
origin in the ninth through eleventh centuries. They were descended from Landulf I of Capua
Landulf I of Capua
Landulf I , called the Old, was the first gastald of Capua of his illustrious family, which would rule Capua until 1058. According to the Cronaca della dinastia di Capua, he ruled in Old Capua for twenty five years and four months and in New Capua for another year and eight months...
, whose own ancestry is unknown and who died in 843. The dynasty produced a line of princes which ruled most of southern Italy at one time or another and even one pope, Victor III
Pope Victor III
Pope Blessed Victor III , born Daufer , Latinised Dauferius, was the Pope as the successor of Pope Gregory VII, yet his pontificate is far less impressive in history than his time as Desiderius, the great Abbot of Monte Cassino.-Early life and abbacy:He was born in 1026 or 1027 of a non-regnant...
.
In 839, a civil war broke out in the Principality of Benevento. Landulf of Capua supported Siconulf in the war and when the Emperor Louis II forced a division of the principality on the claimants in 849, Capua was assigned to the Principality of Salerno
Principality of Salerno
The Lombard Principality of Salerno was a South Italian state, centered on the port city of Salerno, formed in 851 out of the Principality of Benevento after a decade-long civil war....
. But Landulf's heirs aimed to make themselves independnet of any princely authority. By 860–861 this task was essentially complete and Capua was independent county.
Genealogy
- Landulf I the OldLandulf I of CapuaLandulf I , called the Old, was the first gastald of Capua of his illustrious family, which would rule Capua until 1058. According to the Cronaca della dinastia di Capua, he ruled in Old Capua for twenty five years and four months and in New Capua for another year and eight months...
(died 843), Gastald of Capua- Lando ILando I of CapuaLando I was the count of Capua from 843. He was the eldest son and successor of Landulf the Old. Like his father, he supported Siconulf against Radelchis in the civil war dividing the Principality of Benevento in the 840s....
(died 860), Count of Capua- Lando IILando II of CapuaLando II, called Cyruttu, was the count of Capua briefly for six months in 861. He was the eldest son and successor of Lando I.In May 859, a massive joint expedition of Salerno, Naples, Amalfi, and Suessola marched on Capua. Lando I was in a paralysis at that time and his son Lando II took up arms...
(died 884), Count of Capua
- Lando II
- Pando the RapaciousPando of CapuaPando the Rapacious was the second son of Landulf I of Capua and brother of Lando I. When his father died , Lando succeeded to the countship, but Pando and their younger brother Landulf were associated as co-rulers...
(died 862), Count of Capua- PandenulfPandenulf of CapuaPandenulf was the Count of Capua, claiming that title from 862 and holding it successfully during the tumultuous civil war of 879 – 882. He was the son and successor of Pando, but was removed on his father's death by his uncle the bishop, Landulf II....
(died 882), Count of Capua - Landenulf, Bishop of Capua
- Pandenulf
- Landulf IILandulf II of CapuaLandulf II was Bishop and Count of Capua. He was the youngest of four sons of Landulf I, gastald of Capua. As a young man, he entered the church. When his father died, his eldest brother, Lando, succeeded him....
(died 879), Bishop and Count of Capua - Landenulf, Count of Teano
- Lando IIILando III of CapuaLando III was the count of Capua for two years and ten months from 882 to his death. He was a son of Landenulf, gastald of Teano, and grandson of Landulf I of Capua....
(died 885), Count of Capua - Landenful ILandenulf I of CapuaLandenulf I was briefly Count of Capua after the death of his brother Lando III in 885. He was a son of Landenulf, gastald of Teano, and grandson of Landulf I of Capua....
(died 887), Count of Capua - Atenulf I the GreatAtenulf I of CapuaAtenulf I , called the Great , was the prince of Capua from 7 January 887 and of Benevento from 899, when he conquered that principality...
(died 910), Prince of Capua and Benevento- Landulf III AntipaterLandulf I of BeneventoLandulf I , sometimes called Antipater, was a Lombard nobleman and the Prince of Benevento and of Capua from 12 January 901, when his father, Atenulf I, prince of Capua and conqueror of Benevento, associated his with him in power...
(died 943), Prince of Capua and Benevento- Atenulf III (died 943), Prince of Capua and Benevento
- Landulf IV the RedLandulf II of BeneventoLandulf II , called the Red, was the Lombard prince of Benevento and prince of Capua from 939 or 940, when his father, Landulf I, first associated him with the government, his mother was Gemma, daughter of Athanasius of Naples. He may have been associated as early as 933, when his elder brother,...
(died 961), Prince of Capua and Benevento- Pandulf I IronheadPandulf IronheadPandulf I Ironhead was the Prince of Benevento and Capua from 943 until his death. He was made Duke of Spoleto and Camerino in 967 and succeeded as Prince of Salerno in 977 or 978...
(died 981), Prince of Capua, Benevento, and Salerno and Duke of Spoleto and Camerino- Landulf VILandulf IV of BeneventoLandulf IV was the prince of Capua and Benevento from 968, when he was associated with his father, Pandulf Ironhead, and prince of Salerno associated with his father from 977 or 978...
(died 982), Prince of Capua and Benevento - Pandulf IIPandulf II of SalernoPandulf II was the prince of Salerno , the second of such princes of the family of the princes of Capua. He was originally appointed heir to the childless Gisulf I of Salerno, who had been reinstated on his throne by Pandulf's father, Pandulf Ironhead. On the former's death in 977, he succeeded...
(died 982), Prince of Salerno - Landenulf IILandenulf II of CapuaLandenulf II succeeded his brother Landulf VI as Prince of Capua in 982 and ruled until his assassination. He was one of the younger sons of Pandulf Ironhead....
(died 993), Prince of Capua - LaidulfLaidulf of CapuaLaidulf was a son, probably the youngest or second youngest, of Pandulf Ironhead. He probably never expected to inherit much, especially with so many cousins vying for their rightful inheritances. He was the count of Teano...
(died 999), Prince of Capua - Atenulf (died 982)
- Landulf VI
- John, Archbishop of Capua
- Landulf VLandulf III of BeneventoLandulf III was Prince of Capua and Benevento from 959 as co-prince with his father, Landulf II and brother Pandulf Ironhead, and from 961 only with his brother. His mother was Yvantia....
(died 968), Prince of Capua and Benevento- Landulf VII di Sant'AgataLandulf VII of CapuaLandulf VII , also numbered Landulf IV or V , called Landolfo di Sant'Agata, was the prince of Capua from 1000 to his death. He was the second son of Landulf III of Benevento, who was only ever a co-ruler. Thus, he was easily removed from the succession on his father's death...
(died 1007), Prince of Capua- Pandulf II the BlackPandulf II of CapuaPandulf II , called the Black or the Young, was the son and successor of Landulf VII of Capua in 1007. He ruled jointly with his uncle, Pandulf II of Benevento, who was originally his regent, until the latter's death in 1014.It is recorded that he ruled jointly with his father, but from what date...
(died 1022), Prince of Capua
- Pandulf II the Black
- Pandulf II the OldPandulf II of BeneventoPandulf II the Old was the prince of Benevento from 981 and prince of Capua from 1008 or 1009 to his death, the son of Landulf III who was co-prince between 959 and 968...
(died 1014), Prince of Capua and Benevento- Pandulf IV the WolfPandulf IV of CapuaPandulf IV was the Prince of Capua on three separate occasions.From February 1016 to 1022 he ruled in association with his cousin Pandulf II. In 1018, the Byzantine catapan Boiannes destroyed the Lombard army of Melus of Bari and his Norman allies at Cannae...
(died 1050), Prince of Capua- Pandulf VI GualoPandulf VI of CapuaPandulf VI was the successor of Pandulf IV as Prince of Capua from his death in 1050 to his own seven years later. He was the son of Pandulf IV and Maria. He co-ruled with his father in the Duchy of Gaeta as early as 1032–1038.He was a weak ruler under whom the principality declined in...
(died 1057), Prince of Capua- Landulf VIIILandulf VIII of CapuaLandulf VIII was the last Lombard prince of Capua from 1057, when his brother Pandulf VI died, to the conquest of the city in 1058 by Count Richard of Aversa. Landulf was first associated with the rule along with his brother in 1047, when their father, the infamous Pandulf IV, was reinstated as...
, Prince of Capua - Adelgrima, married Rainald, Count of the Marsi
- Landulf VIII
- MariaMaria of GaetaMaria , daughter of Pandulf IV of Capua and Maria, was the wife of Atenulf, count of Aquino, while her unnamed sister was the wife of Atenulf's brother Lando...
, married Atenulf I of GaetaAtenulf I of GaetaAtenulf I was the Lombard count of Aquino who rose to become Duke of Gaeta in Southern Italy during the chaotic middle of the eleventh century....
- Pandulf VI Gualo
- Landulf VLandulf V of BeneventoLandulf V was the prince of Benevento from May 987, when he was first associated with his father Pandulf II, to his death. He was chief prince from his father's death in 1014....
(died 1033), Prince of Benevento- Pandulf IIIPandulf III of BeneventoPandulf III was the prince of Benevento in the Mezzogiorno in medieval Italy, first as co-ruler with his father, Landulf V, and grandfather, Pandulf II, from 1012 or thereabouts to 1014, when the elder Pandulf died. He co-ruled with his father until his death in 1033...
(died 1059), Prince of Benevento- Landulf VILandulf VI of BeneventoLandulf VI was the last prince of Benevento. Unlike his predecessors, he never had a chance to rule alone and independent. The principality lost its independence in 1051, at which point Landulf was only co-ruling with his father, Pandulf III.Landulf was the eldest son of Pandulf and he was first...
(died 1077), Prince of Benevento- Pandulf IVPandulf IV of BeneventoPandulf IV was the co-prince of Benevento with his father Landulf VI from 1056, when his grandfather Pandulf III was still reigning, to his own death in battle before that of his father....
(died 1073), Prince of Benevento
- Pandulf IV
- Landulf VI
- AtenulfAtenulf, Prince of BeneventoAtenulf was the son of Pandulf III of Benevento. In 1040, Benevento still had the prestige of being the first of the independent Lombard principalities of the Mezzogiorno...
- Pandulf III
- Atenulf, Abbot of Montecassino
- MariaMaria of AmalfiMaria was one of the two daughters of Pandulf II of Benevento, who was also Pandulf III of Capua. She married Sergius II of Amalfi around 26 April 1002. Her sister Gaitelgrima married Guaimar III of Salerno, while her brothers, Landulf and Pandulf, became princes respectively of Benevento and...
, married Sergius III of AmalfiSergius III of AmalfiSergius III was the duke of Amalfi from 1069, when he succeeded his father John II, until his death. He was first appointed co-regent by his father in 1031... - GaitelgrimaGaitelgrimaGaitelgrima is a Lombard feminine name. There are several notable Gaitelgrimas in history. The identities of these four women are often confused because they were all closely related to each other and to two men: Guaimar III of Salerno and his son, Guaimar IV, whose enumeration is often altered...
, married Guaimar III of SalernoGuaimar III of SalernoGuaimar III was duke of Salerno from around 994 to his death. His date of death is sometimes given as 1030 or 1031, but the most reliable sources consistently indicate 1027. Under his reign, Salerno entered an era of great splendour...
- Pandulf IV the Wolf
- Landulf VII di Sant'Agata
- Pandulf I Ironhead
- Atenulf II (died 941), Prince of Capua and Benevento
- LandulfLandulf of ConzaLandulf of Conza , a Lombard nobleman, was briefly Prince of Benevento in 940 and then briefly Prince of Salerno in 973. The son of Atenulf II of Benevento, Landulf ruled on his father's death as co-prince with his uncle, Landulf I, who soon sent him into exile...
, Count of Conza- Guaimar, Count of the Marsi
- Indulf, Count of Sarni
- Landulf
- Landenulf (died 971), Count of Lauris
- Landulf
- GaitelgrimaGaitelgrimaGaitelgrima is a Lombard feminine name. There are several notable Gaitelgrimas in history. The identities of these four women are often confused because they were all closely related to each other and to two men: Guaimar III of Salerno and his son, Guaimar IV, whose enumeration is often altered...
, married Guaimar II of SalernoGuaimar II of SalernoGuaimar II was the Lombard prince of Salerno from 901, when his father retired to a monastery, to his death. His father was Guaimar I and his mother was Itta. He was associated with his father in the principality from 893...
- Landulf
- Landulf III Antipater
- Lando III
- Lando I
Sources
- Stasser, Thierry. "Où sont les femmes? Prosopographie des femmes des familles princières et ducales en Italie méridionale depuis la chute du royaume lombard (774) jusqu’à l’installation des Normands (env. 1100)." Prosopon: The Journal of Prosopography, 2006.