Laughingthrush
Encyclopedia
The Laughingthrushes are the genus Garrulax of the large Old World babbler
family of passerine
bird
s. They occur in tropical Asia
, with the greatest number of species occurring in the Himalaya and southern China
.
These are rangy, medium-sized, floppy-tailed landbirds with soft fluffy plumage. These birds have strong legs and are quite terrestrial. This group is not strongly migratory
, and most species
have short rounded wings, and a weak flight.
A few, like the Streaked Laughingthrush
occur in fairly open habitats, but most are jungle species, difficult to observe in the dense vegetation they prefer.
Like other babblers, these are noisy birds, and the characteristic laughing calls are often the best indication that these birds are present. As with other babbler species, they frequently occur in groups of up to a dozen, and the rainforest species like the Ashy-headed Laughingthrush
often occur in the mixed feeding flocks typical of tropical Asian jungle.
ary group of closest relatives, the laughingthrushes are spread about the entire babbler family. This is quite apparent by their diverse morphology
and presence of several groups with distinct color patterns, but the rarity of several species and the sheer number of taxa have hitherto prevented a thorough revision. Before this paraphyly was realized to be as dramatic as it is, it was generally assumed that the laughingthrushes were a clade
comprising several subgenera
.
This has much confounded further research: most molecular phylogeny
studies, for example, used only the White-crested Laughingthrush
as an "example" of this "genus", because specimens were readily available. Morphological studies, on the other hand, had usually more material at their disposal, but these too were generally conducted under a false assumption of monophyly. A 2003 study, analyzing mtDNA cytochrome b
and 12S/16S rRNA data of a number of laughingthrushes, did establish however that there is no such thing as a "representative" laughingthrush. Consequently most of the work regarding the evolution of this assemblage needs to be evaluated anew and if necessary even redone. Indeed, the taxon Garrulax would need to be restricted to the type species
(Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush
) and its closest relatives, but the species generally considered the most likely candidates have not been comprehensively studied in recent times.
and the Handbook of Birds of the World as a baseline, acknowledging the polyphyly of Garrulax and attempting to reorganise it into monophyletic genera.
This list is by no means the last word on the subject though, and it is very likely that some of the new groups will be revised, expanded or split as more species are studied in the future; additional laughingthrushes are presently elevated to species status and even hitherto unknown taxa are discovered at a rate of about 1-2 per year. Some proposed small or monotypic
genera on the other hand might ultimately be merged with others for convenience if they turn out to be sister taxa. All in all, the resolution of the laughingthrush assemblage's taxonomy
depends on a resolution of the Old World babblers' systematics
in general.
Old World babbler
The Old World babblers or timaliids are a large family of mostly Old World passerine birds. They are rather diverse in size and coloration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian Subcontinent...
family of passerine
Passerine
A passerine is a bird of the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds, the passerines form one of the most diverse terrestrial vertebrate orders: with over 5,000 identified species, it has roughly...
bird
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
s. They occur in tropical Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
, with the greatest number of species occurring in the Himalaya and southern China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
.
These are rangy, medium-sized, floppy-tailed landbirds with soft fluffy plumage. These birds have strong legs and are quite terrestrial. This group is not strongly migratory
Bird migration
Bird migration is the regular seasonal journey undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular or in only one direction...
, and most species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
have short rounded wings, and a weak flight.
A few, like the Streaked Laughingthrush
Streaked Laughingthrush
The Streaked Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan....
occur in fairly open habitats, but most are jungle species, difficult to observe in the dense vegetation they prefer.
Like other babblers, these are noisy birds, and the characteristic laughing calls are often the best indication that these birds are present. As with other babbler species, they frequently occur in groups of up to a dozen, and the rainforest species like the Ashy-headed Laughingthrush
Ashy-headed Laughingthrush
The Ashy-headed Laughingthrush, Garrulax cinereifrons, is an Old World babbler. The Old World babblers are a large family of Old World passerine birds characterised by soft fluffy plumage...
often occur in the mixed feeding flocks typical of tropical Asian jungle.
Systematics
As with some other babblers, this genus has turned out to be highly polyphyletic. Rather than forming a natural evolutionEvolution
Evolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as DNA and proteins.Life on Earth...
ary group of closest relatives, the laughingthrushes are spread about the entire babbler family. This is quite apparent by their diverse morphology
Morphology (biology)
In biology, morphology is a branch of bioscience dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features....
and presence of several groups with distinct color patterns, but the rarity of several species and the sheer number of taxa have hitherto prevented a thorough revision. Before this paraphyly was realized to be as dramatic as it is, it was generally assumed that the laughingthrushes were a clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
comprising several subgenera
Subgenus
In biology, a subgenus is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.In zoology, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the generic name and the specific epithet: e.g. the Tiger Cowry of the Indo-Pacific, Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, which...
.
This has much confounded further research: most molecular phylogeny
Molecular phylogeny
Molecular phylogenetics is the analysis of hereditary molecular differences, mainly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree...
studies, for example, used only the White-crested Laughingthrush
White-crested Laughingthrush
The White-crested Laughingthrush, Garrulax leucolophus is an Old World babbler. It is found in forest and scrub from the Himalayan foothills to Indochina...
as an "example" of this "genus", because specimens were readily available. Morphological studies, on the other hand, had usually more material at their disposal, but these too were generally conducted under a false assumption of monophyly. A 2003 study, analyzing mtDNA cytochrome b
Cytochrome b
Cytochrome b/b6 is the main subunit of transmembrane cytochrome bc1 and b6f complexes. In addition, it commonly refers to a region of mtDNA used for population genetics and phylogenetics.- Function :...
and 12S/16S rRNA data of a number of laughingthrushes, did establish however that there is no such thing as a "representative" laughingthrush. Consequently most of the work regarding the evolution of this assemblage needs to be evaluated anew and if necessary even redone. Indeed, the taxon Garrulax would need to be restricted to the type species
Type species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...
(Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush
Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush
The Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is endemic to Indonesia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
) and its closest relatives, but the species generally considered the most likely candidates have not been comprehensively studied in recent times.
Species list
The list below uses the treatment of the laughingthrushes by Birds of South AsiaBirds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide
Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide by Pamela C. Rasmussen and John C. Anderton is a two-volume ornithological handbook, covering the birds of South Asia, published in 2005 by the Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions...
and the Handbook of Birds of the World as a baseline, acknowledging the polyphyly of Garrulax and attempting to reorganise it into monophyletic genera.
This list is by no means the last word on the subject though, and it is very likely that some of the new groups will be revised, expanded or split as more species are studied in the future; additional laughingthrushes are presently elevated to species status and even hitherto unknown taxa are discovered at a rate of about 1-2 per year. Some proposed small or monotypic
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group with only one biological type. The term's usage differs slightly between botany and zoology. The term monotypic has a separate use in conservation biology, monotypic habitat, regarding species habitat conversion eliminating biodiversity and...
genera on the other hand might ultimately be merged with others for convenience if they turn out to be sister taxa. All in all, the resolution of the laughingthrush assemblage's taxonomy
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science of identifying and naming species, and arranging them into a classification. The field of taxonomy, sometimes referred to as "biological taxonomy", revolves around the description and use of taxonomic units, known as taxa...
depends on a resolution of the Old World babblers' systematics
Systematics
Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of terrestrial life, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees...
in general.
- Genus Garrulax sensu stricto - Close to Chinese BabaxChinese BabaxThe Chinese Babax is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in China, Hong Kong, India, and Myanmar....
(Babax lanceolatus)?- White-crested LaughingthrushWhite-crested LaughingthrushThe White-crested Laughingthrush, Garrulax leucolophus is an Old World babbler. It is found in forest and scrub from the Himalayan foothills to Indochina...
, Garrulax leucolophus - Sumatran LaughingthrushSumatran LaughingthrushThe Sumatran Laughingthrush , also known as the Black-and-white Laughingthrush, is an Old World babbler. It is endemic to highland forest on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, where it is threatened by habitat loss and capture for the wildlife trade. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the...
, Garrulax bicolor - Lesser Necklaced LaughingthrushLesser Necklaced LaughingthrushThe Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane...
, Garrulax monileger - Greater Necklaced LaughingthrushGreater Necklaced LaughingthrushThe Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam...
, Garrulax pectoralis - White-throated LaughingthrushWhite-throated LaughingthrushThe White-throated Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2009....
, Garrulax albogularis - Rufous-crowned Laughingthrush, Garrulax ruficeps - formerly in G. albogularis
- Masked LaughingthrushMasked LaughingthrushThe Masked Laughingthrush, Garrulax perspicillatus, is a species of laughingthrush found in Asia. It is often seen in small noisy flocks of seven. Its Chinese name [七姊妹 qī zǐ-mèi] means 'seven sisters'.-External links:* on the Internet Bird Collection...
, Garrulax perspicillatus - Rufous-fronted LaughingthrushRufous-fronted LaughingthrushThe Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is endemic to Indonesia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
, Garrulax rufifrons - Ashy-headed LaughingthrushAshy-headed LaughingthrushThe Ashy-headed Laughingthrush, Garrulax cinereifrons, is an Old World babbler. The Old World babblers are a large family of Old World passerine birds characterised by soft fluffy plumage...
, Garrulax cinereifrons - Sunda LaughingthrushSunda LaughingthrushThe Sunda Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia....
or Grey-and-brown Laughingbird, Garrulax palliatus
- White-crested Laughingthrush
- incertae sedis - Garrulax or Dryonastes?
- Grey LaughingthrushGrey LaughingthrushThe Grey Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in China, Laos, and Vietnam.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes....
, Garrulax/Dryonastes maesi - Rufous-cheeked Laughingthrush, Garrulax/Dryonastes castanotis - formerly in G./D. maesi
- Black-hooded LaughingthrushBlack-hooded LaughingthrushThe Black-hooded Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Laos and Vietnam.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes....
, Garrulax/Dryonastes milleti- Kon Tum Black-hooded Laughingthrush, Garrulax/Dryonastes milleti sweeti
- Cambodian Laughingthrush, Garrulax/Dryonastes ferrarius - formerly in G./D. strepitans
- White-necked LaughingthrushWhite-necked LaughingthrushThe White-necked Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand....
, Garrulax/Dryonastes strepitans
- Grey Laughingthrush
- Proposed genus Dryonastes
- Grey-sided LaughingthrushGrey-sided LaughingthrushThe Grey-sided Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Dryonastes....
, Dryonastes caerulatus - Rusty LaughingthrushRusty LaughingthrushThe Rusty Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in China and Taiwan.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 25 July 2007.-External links:...
, Dryonastes poecilorhynchus - Buffy Laughingthrush, Dryonastes berthemyi - formerly in D. poecilorhynchus
- Black-throated LaughingthrushBlack-throated LaughingthrushThe Black-throated Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam....
, Dryonastes chinensis - Chestnut-backed LaughingthrushChestnut-backed LaughingthrushThe Chestnut-backed Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in India and Myanmar.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
, Dryonastes nuchalis - Rufous-vented LaughingthrushRufous-vented LaughingthrushThe Rufous-vented Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam....
, Dryonastes gularis - Wynaad LaughingthrushWynaad LaughingthrushThe Wynaad Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India.-Description:...
, Dryonastes delesserti - Blue-crowned LaughingthrushBlue-crowned LaughingthrushThe Blue-crowned Laughingthrush or Courtois's Laughingbird is a Chinese species of bird in the Timaliidae family...
or Courtois's Laughingbird, Dryonastes courtoisi - formerly in D. galbanus - Yellow-throated LaughingthrushYellow-throated LaughingthrushThe Yellow-throated Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is found in grassy areas with bushes and trees, scrub and forest in north-eastern India, south-eastern Bangladesh and western Myanmar...
, Dryonastes galbanus - White-cheeked LaughingthrushWhite-cheeked LaughingthrushThe White-cheeked Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam....
, Dryonastes vassali
- Rufous-necked LaughingthrushRufous-necked LaughingthrushThe Rufous-necked Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Dryonastes....
, Dryonastes ruficollis
- Grey-sided Laughingthrush
- Proposed genus Melanocichla
- Black LaughingthrushBlack LaughingthrushThe Black Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is found in highland forests in the Thai-Malay Peninsula and on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Until recently, it usually included the Bare-headed Laughingthrush as a subspecies.-References:* BirdLife International 2004....
, Melanocichla lugubris - Bare-headed LaughingthrushBare-headed LaughingthrushThe Bare-headed Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is endemic to highland forests in northern Borneo. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Black Laughingthrush.-References:...
, Melanocichla calva - formerly in M. lugubris
- Black Laughingthrush
- Proposed genus Rhinocichla - Chestnut-capped LaughingthrushChestnut-capped LaughingthrushThe Chestnut-capped Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand....
es- Spectacled Laughingthrush, Rhinocichla mitrata
- Chestnut-hooded Laughingthrush, Rhinocichla treacheri - formerly in R. mitrata
- Proposed genus Grammatoptila
- Striated LaughingthrushStriated LaughingthrushThe Striated Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the monotypic genus Grammatoptila, as G. striata....
, Grammatoptila striata
- Striated Laughingthrush
- Proposed genus Stactocichla
- Spot-breasted LaughingthrushSpot-breasted LaughingthrushThe Spot-breasted Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is found in south-west China, north-east India, Laos, Myanmar, north-west Thailand, and northern Vietnam...
, Stactocichla merulina - Orange-breasted LaughingthrushOrange-breasted LaughingthrushThe Orange-breasted Laughingthrush is a passerine bird in the Old World babbler family, Timaliidae. Until recently it was regarded as a subspecies of the Spot-breasted Laughingthrush but has now been split as a separate species...
, Stactocichla annamensis - formerly in S. merulina
- Spot-breasted Laughingthrush
- Proposed genus Leucodioptron
- Chinese HwameiChinese HwameiThe Chinese Hwamei or Melodious Laughingthrush is a passerine bird of eastern Asia in the Old World babbler family, Timaliidae. The name "Hwamei" comes from the Chinese 画眉 and means "painted eyebrow" referring to the distinctive marking around the bird's eyes...
, Leucodioptron canorum - Taiwan HwameiTaiwan HwameiThe Taiwan Hwamei is a passerine bird in the Old World babbler family, Timaliidae. It is endemic to the island of Taiwan. It was formerly regarded as a subspecies of the Chinese Hwamei but has recently been split as a separate species...
, Leucodioptron taewanum - formerly in L. canorum
- Chinese Hwamei
- Proposed genus Strophocincla
- Black-chinned Laughingthrush, Rufous-breasted Laughingthrush or Nilgiri Laughingthrush, Strophocincla cachinnans
- Kerala Laughingthrush or Grey-breasted Laughingthrush, Strophocincla fairbanki
- Bhutan Laughingthrush, Strophocincla imbricata - formerly in S. lineata
- Streaked LaughingthrushStreaked LaughingthrushThe Streaked Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan....
, Strophocincla lineata - Striped LaughingthrushStriped LaughingthrushThe Striped Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in India and Myanmar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.-References:...
, Strophocincla virgata
- Proposed genus Pterorhinus
- White-browed LaughingthrushWhite-browed LaughingthrushThe White-browed Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Pterorhinus, as P. sannio....
, Pterorhinus sannio - Plain LaughingthrushPlain LaughingthrushThe Plain Laughingthrush or Père David's Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is endemic to China. Its natural habitat is temperate forests.-External links:*...
, Pere David's Laughingthrush or Plain Laughingbird, Pterorhinus davidi
- White-browed Laughingthrush
- Proposed genus Ianthocincla - Close to at least one of Garrulax sensu stricto, CutiaCutiaThe cutias are the bird genus Cutia in the family Timaliidae. These birds are found in montane forests of continental South and Southeast Asia. The name is derived from the Nepali name khatya or khutya for the type species, the Himalayan Cutia...
and Arrow-marked BabblerArrow-marked BabblerThe Arrow-marked Babbler is a species of bird in the babbler family Timaliidae.-Distribution and habitat:It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda,...
(Turdoides jardineii)- Snowy-cheeked LaughingthrushSnowy-cheeked LaughingthrushThe Snowy-cheeked Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is endemic to China.Its natural habitat is temperate forests.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
or Sukatschev's Laughingthrush, Ianthocincla sukatschewi - Moustached LaughingthrushMoustached LaughingthrushThe Moustached Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Ianthocincla, as I. cineracea....
, Ianthocincla cineracea - Rufous-chinned LaughingthrushRufous-chinned LaughingthrushThe Rufous-chinned Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Ianthocincla, as I. ocellata....
, Ianthocincla rufogularis - Chestnut-eared LaughingthrushChestnut-eared LaughingthrushThe Chestnut-eared Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Vietnam and possibly Laos.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.It is threatened by habitat loss....
, Ianthocincla konkakinhensis - Barred LaughingthrushBarred LaughingthrushThe Barred Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Ianthocincla, as I. lunulata....
, Ianthocincla lunulata - White-speckled LaughingthrushWhite-speckled LaughingthrushThe White-speckled Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is endemic to China.Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss....
or Biet's Laughingthrush, Ianthocincla bieti - Giant LaughingthrushGiant LaughingthrushThe Giant Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Ianthocincla, as I. maxima....
, Ianthocincla maxima - Spotted LaughingthrushSpotted LaughingthrushThe Spotted Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Ianthocincla, as I. ocellata....
, Ianthocincla ocellata
- Snowy-cheeked Laughingthrush
- incertae sedis - Ianthocincla or Trochalopteron?
- Brown-capped LaughingthrushBrown-capped LaughingthrushThe Brown-capped Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in India and Myanmar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.-References:...
,Trochalopteron/Ianthocincla austeni
- Brown-capped Laughingthrush
- Proposed genus Trochalopteron
- Scaly LaughingthrushScaly LaughingthrushThe Scaly Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Trochalopteron....
, Trochalopteron subunicolor - Blue-winged LaughingthrushBlue-winged LaughingthrushThe Blue-winged Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Trochalopteron, as T. squamatum....
, Trochalopteron squamatum - Brown-cheeked LaughingthrushBrown-cheeked LaughingthrushThe Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in China and India.The binomial name of this bird commemorates Prince Henri of Orléans.-References:...
or Prince Henry's Laughingthrush, Trochalopteron henrici - Elliot's LaughingthrushElliot's LaughingthrushElliot's Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Trochalopteron, as T. elliotii....
, Trochalopteron elliotii - Variegated LaughingthrushVariegated LaughingthrushThe Variegated Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 25 July 2007....
, Trochalopteron variegatum - White-whiskered LaughingthrushWhite-whiskered LaughingthrushThe White-whiskered Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in China and Taiwan.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 25 July 2007....
, Trochalopteron morrisonianum - Black-faced LaughingthrushBlack-faced LaughingthrushThe Black-faced Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Trochalopteron, as T. affine....
, Trochalopteron affine - Chestnut-crowned LaughingthrushChestnut-crowned LaughingthrushThe Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam....
, Trochalopteron erythrocephalum - Assam Laughingthrush, Trochalopteron chrysopterum - formerly in T. erythrocephalum
- Silver-eared Laughingthrush, Trochalopteron melanostigma - formerly in T. erythrocephalum
- Malayan LaughingthrushMalayan LaughingthrushThe Malayan Laughingthrush is a species of laughingthrush that was for some time included as a subspecies of the Trochalopteron erythrocephalum. This species is found in the extreme southern Thailand and peninsular Malaysia....
, Trochalopteron peninsulae - formerly in T. erythrocephalum - Golden-winged LaughingthrushGolden-winged LaughingthrushThe Golden-winged Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is endemic to Vietnam.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-External links:*...
, Trochalopteron ngoclinhense - Collared LaughingthrushCollared LaughingthrushThe Collared Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is endemic to Vietnam.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland....
, Trochalopteron yersini - Red-winged LaughingthrushRed-winged LaughingthrushThe Red-winged Laughingthrush is a bird species in the Old World babbler family . In the proposed rearrangement of the laughingthrushes, it is placed in the genus Trochalopteron, as T. formosum....
, Trochalopteron formosum - Red-tailed LaughingthrushRed-tailed LaughingthrushThe Red-tailed Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 25 July 2007....
, Trochalopteron milnei
- Scaly Laughingthrush
External links
- Laughingthrush videos on the Internet Bird Collection