Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
Encyclopedia
This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Spain
. It is limited to liberal
and radical
parties
with substantial support, mainly proved by having been represented in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.
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the following Spanish thinkers are included:
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. It is limited to liberal
Liberalism
Liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights,...
and radical
Radicalization
Radicalization is the process in which an individual changes from passiveness or activism to become more revolutionary, militant or extremist. Radicalization is often associated with youth, adversity, alienation, social exclusion, poverty, or the perception of injustice to self or others.-...
parties
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
with substantial support, mainly proved by having been represented in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.
Background
In the nineteenth century, liberalism was a dominant political force in Spain, but the label itself was also used by the conservative current. In the twentieth century, liberal parties tended to name themselves radical, democratic or republican.From Liberals to Fusionist Liberal Party
- 1812: The Spanish liberals, known as Liberals (Liberales, 1812-1836), Exaltados (1836-1839), Progressives (Progresistas, 1839-1880), led by people like Baldomero EsparteroBaldomero Espartero, Prince of VergaraDon Joaquín Baldomero Fernández-Espartero y Alvarez de Toro, 1st Prince of Vergara, 1st Duke of la Victoria, 1st Duke of Morella, 1st Count of Luchana, 1st Viscount of Banderas was a Spanish general and political figure...
, Salustiano Olózoga, Juan PrimJuan PrimDon Juan or Joan Prim, Marquis of los Castillejos, Grandee of Spain, Count of Reus, Viscount of the Bruch was a Spanish general and statesman.-Life:...
, Práxedes Sagasta and Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, Duke de la TorreFrancisco Serrano y Domínguez, Duke de la TorreDon Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, 1st Duke of la Torre Grandee of Spain, Count of San Antonio was a Spanish marshal and statesman...
, were not organised in a well-established party, but formed their own factions. Out of this current the ⇒ Democrats in 1843, the ⇒ Liberal Union in 1854, the ⇒ Radical Democratic Party in 1869 and the ⇒ Progressive Democratic Party in 1879 seceded - 1880: The liberals united in the Fusionist Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Fusionista), led by Sagasta, though sometimes factions remain outside the party
- 1882: A left-wing faction of the party established the ⇒ Dynastic Left, most of its members returned between 1884 and 1886 to the Fusionist Liberal Party
- 1890: The ⇒ Posibilist Party joined the party
- 1907: A left-wing faction of the party seceded as the ⇒ Monarchist Democratic Party
- 1918: A faction seceded as the ⇒ Liberal Left
- 1923: The party disappeared due to the Miguel Primo de RiveraMiguel Primo de RiveraMiguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquis of Estella, 22nd Count of Sobremonte, Knight of Calatrava was a Spanish dictator, aristocrat, and a military official who was appointed Prime Minister by the King and who for seven years was a dictator, ending the turno system of alternating...
coup
Democratic Party
- 1843: The left-wing of the ⇒ Progressives established the Democratic PartyDemocratic Party (Spain)The Democratic Party was a Spanish political party in the reign of Isabella II , being a clandestine force except during the Progressive Biennium ....
(Partido Demócrata) as a rally of left wing liberals and moderate socialists - 1868: The republican wing formed the ⇒ Federal Republican Party
- 1871: The party disappeared and remnants of the party continue as a monarchist party
Liberal Union
- 1854: Moderate ⇒ progressives established the Liberal UnionLiberal Union (Spain)The Liberal Union was a political party in Spain in the third quarter of the 19th century. It was founded by Leopoldo O'Donnell in 1858 with the intent of forging a compromise and taking a centrist position between the two forces that had hitherto dominated Spanish politics during the reign of...
(Unión Liberal), led by Leopoldo O'Donnell - 1868: The party merged with the conservative Moderates into the Liberal Conservative Party
Federal Republican Party
- 1868: The republican wing of the ⇒ Democratic Party established the Federal Republican Party (Partido Republicano Federal), also known as the Republican Democratic Party
- 1878: A faction joined the ⇒ Reformist Republican Party
- 1879: A faction seceded as the ⇒ Posibilist Party
- 1923: The party disappeared due to the Primo de Rivera coup
From Radical Democratic Party to Centralist Party
- 1869: A left-wing faction of the Progressives seceded as the Radical Democratic Party (Partido Radical Demócrata), led by Ruiz Zorilla
- 1876: The party is reorganised into the Reformist Republican Party, led by Nicolás Salmerón
- 1878: A faction of the ⇒ Federal Republican Party joined the party
- 1879: A faction joined the ⇒ Progressive Democratic Party
- 1890: The party is renamed Centralist Party (Partido Centralista)
- 1891: The party is absorbed by the ⇒ Federal Republican Party
Posibilist Party
- 1879: A faction of the ⇒ Federal Republican Party formed the Posibilist Party ('Partido Posibilista'), led by Emilio Castelar
- 1890: The party joins the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party
Progressive Democratic Party
- 1879: A left wing faction of the ⇒ Progressives with dissidents of the Reformist Republican Party formed the Progressive Democratic Party (Partido Progresista Democrático)
- 1882: The party merges into the ⇒ Dynastic Left
Dynastic Left
- 1882: A faction of the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party together with the Progressive Democratic Party established the Dynastic Left (Izquierda Dinástica), led by Francisco Serrano and Adolfo Posada
- 1886: Between 1884 and 1886 most of the members returned to the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party
Liberal Democratic Party
- 1903: A faction of the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party seceded and formed the Liberal Democratic Party, led by Eugenio Montero RíosEugenio Montero RíosEugenio Montero Ríos was a leading member of the Spanish Liberal Party before being part of a 1903 schism that divided it. He also served briefly as Prime Minister. He played a role in the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War as he was then President of the Senate of Spain.-...
- 1907: The party disappeared
Republican Union (1906)
- 1906: A faction of the ⇒ Federal Republican Union seceded as the Republican Union (Unión Republicana), led by Nicolás Salmerón
- 1908: A faction seceded as the ⇒ Radical Republican Party
- 1923: The party disappeared due to the Primo de Rivera coup
Monarchist Democratic Party
- 1907: A left-wing faction of the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party seceded as the Monarchist Democratic Party (Partido Democrático Monnárquico) of José Canajelas
- 1923: The party disappeared due to the Primo de Rivera coup
Radical Republican Party
- 1908: A faction of the ⇒ Republican Union established the Radical Republican PartyRadical Republican PartyThe Radical Republican Party , sometimes shortened to the Radical Party was a Spanish political party founded in 1908 by Alejandro Lerroux in Santander, Cantabria by a split from the historical Republican Union party led by Nicolás Salmerón....
(Partido Republicano Radical), led by Alejandro LerrouxAlejandro LerrouxAlejandro Lerroux y García was a Spanish politician who was the leader of the Radical Republican Party during the Second Spanish Republic... - 1929: A left-wing faction established the ⇒ Radical Socialist Republican Party
- 1933: Due to the development into a conservative party, the liberal wing sededed as the ⇒ Radical Democratic Party. The original party disappeared in 1939
Liberal Lefts
- 1918: A faction of the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party seceded to form the Liberal LeftLiberal LeftThe Liberal Left was a minor liberal faction within the Democrats of the Left, an Italian political party.It was formed basically by former left-wingers of the Italian Liberal Party...
(Izquierda Liberal) - 1923: The party disappeared due to the Primo de Rivera coup
From Republican Action to Republican Left
- 1926: Manuel AzañaManuel AzañaManuel Azaña Díaz was a Spanish politician. He was the first Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic , and later served again as Prime Minister , and then as the second and last President of the Republic . The Spanish Civil War broke out while he was President...
established the Republican ActionRepublican Left (Spain)The Republican Left was a Spanish left-wing republican party founded in 1934.The party was founded in 1934 following the left's defeat in the 1933 election, by the merger of Manuel Azaña's Republican Action, part of Marcelino Domingo's Radical Socialist Republican Party and Santiago Casares...
(Acción Republicana) - 1934: The party merged with a Galician regional party and a faction of the ⇒ Radical Socialist Republican Party into the Republican LeftRepublican Left (Spain)The Republican Left was a Spanish left-wing republican party founded in 1934.The party was founded in 1934 following the left's defeat in the 1933 election, by the merger of Manuel Azaña's Republican Action, part of Marcelino Domingo's Radical Socialist Republican Party and Santiago Casares...
(Izquierda Republicana) - 1939: The party is banned, though there are attempts to revive the party after 1976
Radical Socialist Republican Party
- 1929: A left-wing faction of the ⇒ Radical Republican Party established the Radical Socialist Republican PartyRadical Socialist Republican PartyRadical Socialist Republican Party , sometimes shortened to Radical Socialist Party , was a Spanish radical political party, created in 1929 after the split of the left-wing in Alejandro Lerroux's Radical Republican Party...
(Partido Republicano Radical Socialista) - 1934: The party is dissolved, members joined the ⇒ Republican Left or the ⇒ Republican Union
From Radical Democratic Party to Republican Union
- 1933: Due to the development of the ⇒ Radical Republican Party, the liberal wing sededed as the Radical Democratic Party (Partido Radical Demócrata)
- 1934: The party merged with a faction of the ⇒ Radical Socialist Republican Party into the Republican Union (Unión Republicana)
- 1939: The party is banned
Democratic Convergence of Catalonia
- 1974: Democrats in CataloniaCataloniaCatalonia is an autonomous community in northeastern Spain, with the official status of a "nationality" of Spain. Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an...
established the Democratic Convergence of CataloniaDemocratic Convergence of CataloniaThe Democratic Convergence of Catalonia is a political party in Catalonia, Spain. Together with Democratic Union of Catalonia, it forms part of the Convergence and Union coalition. It is affiliated with the European Liberal, Democrat and Reform Party and with the Liberal International...
, a democratic nationalist party with liberal values, led by Jordi Pujol i SoleyJordi Pujol i SoleyJordi Pujol i Soley is a Catalan politician who was the leader of the party Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya from 1974 to 2003, and President of the Generalitat de Catalunya from 1980 to 2003.-Early life:...
Democratic and Social Centre
- 1982: Former prime minister Adolfo SuárezAdolfo SuárezAdolfo Suárez y González, 1st Duke of Suárez, Grandee of Spain, KOGF is a Spanish lawyer and politician. Suárez was Spain's first democratically elected prime minister after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, and the key figure in the country's transition to democracy.-Parents:He is a son of...
left the Union of the Democratic Centre and establishes the liberal Democratic and Social Centre (Centro Democrático y Social). The party lost parliamentary representation in 1993, but continues to exist.
People's Party
- 1989: The Liberal PartyLiberal Party (Spain)The Liberal Party was a liberal Spanish political party.It was part of the Democratic Centre Union until 1983, when it aligned itself with the Popular Alliance and the Democratic Popular Party...
, previously part of the Union of the Democratic Centre, merged with the Popular AlliancePopular Alliance (Spain)The People's Alliance was a electoral coalition, and later a political party, founded in 1976 by Manuel Fraga along with six other former Francoist ministers.- History :...
(AP) and the Democratic Popular PartyDemocratic Popular Party (Spain)The People's Democratic Party was a christian-democratic Spanish political party.It was part of the Democratic Centre Union until 1982, when it entered into alliance with the Popular Alliance , which received the second largest number of votes in 1982 and 1986 elections.In 1989 the party, along...
in the People's PartyPeople's Party (Spain)The People's Party is a conservative political party in Spain.The People's Party was a re-foundation in 1989 of the People's Alliance , a party led and founded by Manuel Fraga Iribarne, a former Minister of Tourism during Francisco Franco's dictatorship...
.
Liberal leaders
- Liberals before 1912: Emilio Castelar u Ripoll - José Canalejas y Mendez
- Izquierda Republicana: Manuel AzañaManuel AzañaManuel Azaña Díaz was a Spanish politician. He was the first Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic , and later served again as Prime Minister , and then as the second and last President of the Republic . The Spanish Civil War broke out while he was President...
- Centro Democratico y Social: Adolfo SuárezAdolfo SuárezAdolfo Suárez y González, 1st Duke of Suárez, Grandee of Spain, KOGF is a Spanish lawyer and politician. Suárez was Spain's first democratically elected prime minister after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, and the key figure in the country's transition to democracy.-Parents:He is a son of...
- Partido Popular: Mariano RajoyMariano RajoyMariano Rajoy Brey is a Spanish People's Party politician and is the Prime Minister-elect since 20 November 2011. He will be sworn into office in mid-December 2011....
Liberal thinkers
In the Contributions to liberal theoryContributions to liberal theory
Individual contributors to classical liberalism and political liberalism are associated with philosophers of the Enlightenment. Liberalism as a specifically named ideology begins in the late 18th century as a movement towards self-government and away from aristocracy...
the following Spanish thinkers are included:
- José Ortega y GassetJosé Ortega y GassetJosé Ortega y Gasset was a Spanish liberal philosopher and essayist working during the first half of the 20th century while Spain oscillated between monarchy, republicanism and dictatorship. He was, along with Nietzsche, a proponent of the idea of perspectivism.-Biography:José Ortega y Gasset was...
(Spain, 1883-1955) - Salvador de MadariagaSalvador de MadariagaSalvador de Madariaga y Rojo was a Spanish diplomat, writer, historian and pacifist. He had two daughters....
(Spain, 1886-1978)
See also
- History of SpainHistory of SpainThe history of Spain involves all the other peoples and nations within the Iberian peninsula formerly known as Hispania, and includes still today the nations of Andorra, Gibraltar, Portugal and Spain...
- Politics of SpainPolitics of SpainThe politics of Spain take place in the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy, whereby the Monarch is the Head of State and the President of the Government is the head of government in a multi-party system. Executive power is vested in the government...
- List of political parties in Spain