A

• a- (ア) - a verbal prefix for indicating the passive voice
  • arayke (アラィケ) - to be killed
• aca (アチャ) - father; uncle; a middle-aged man (Ainu aca may mean either "father" or "uncle" depending on the dialect)
  • acapo (アチャポ) - uncle (also acipo アチポ in some dialects)
• ahun (アフン) - [sing.] to enter
  • ahup (アフㇷ゚) - [pl.] to enter
• ak （アㇰ）- younger brother (possessed form aki or akihi)
  • ku-aki (クアキ) - my younger brother
• akam (アカㇺ) - a disk, a ring-shaped object
  • turep-akam (トゥレプアカㇺ) - a donut-shaped cake made from the dregs that remain after extracting starch from the bulbs of Cardiocrinum cordatum (the turep-akam is hung up to dry and kept for times when food is scarce)
• am (アㇺ) - claw, talon; nail (of a finger or a toe)
  • ampayaya (アㇺパヤヤ) - crab
    Crab
    True crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" , or where the reduced abdomen is entirely hidden under the thorax...
    
    ; cripple, a person whose ambulatory faculty is somehow impaired
  • amuspe (アムㇱペ) - crab
• am
  • amset (アㇺセッ) - bed (for sleeping)
  • amso (アㇺソ) - floor
• amam (アㇺアㇺ、アマㇺ) - cereals, cereal grains; rice (also amama アママ in some dialects; cf. Japanese
  Japanese language
  is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...
  
   mama ~ manma "cooked rice")
  • si'amam (シアマㇺ) - rice (also シヤマㇺ siyamam)
• ampari (アンパリ) - netting needle (cf. Japanese
  Japanese language
  is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...
  
   amibari ~ abari "netting needle")
• an (アン) - [sing.] to be (in a certain place), to exist (suppletive plural form is オカィ okay or オカ oka)
• an (アン)
  • ankes (アンケㇱ) - night's end, the time just before daybreak, the predawn hour (< Ainu an "night" + Ainu kes "end")
  • annoski (アンノㇱキ) - midnight (annoske in some Ainu dialects)
• anun (アヌン) - stranger, outsider; guest; another person, someone else('s), not oneself, not one's own
  • anun-kur (アヌンクㇽ) - a person who has come from some other locality or group
• antuki (アントゥキ) - azuki bean
  Azuki bean
  The is an annual vine, Vigna angularis, widely grown throughout East Asia and the Himalayas for its small bean. The cultivars most familiar in north-east Asia have a uniform red color, but white, black, gray and variously mottled varieties are also known. Scientists presume Vigna angularis var...
  
   (cf. Japanese azuki "azuki bean" < *aduki)
• apa (アパ) - doorway
• ape (アペ) - fire
  • Ape-Huci-Kamuy (アペフチカムィ) - name of the Ainu fire god (literally, "Fire-Grandmother-Deity")
• apkas (アㇷ゚カㇱ) - to walk
• apto (アㇷ゚ト) - rain; [dial.] storm, thunderstorm
• apu (アプ) - ice drift, sea ice (also ap in some dialects)
• arka (アラカ) - painful, sore, hurting (in some dialects pronounced as araka or arga)
• as (アㇱ) - [sing.] to stand; to fall (as rain, snow, etc.), to blow (as wind), to be produced, to be made, to be heard (as a sound, a voice, etc.); to stop, to come to a stop, to stand still
• asam (アサㇺ) - bottom; depths; foundation (also asama アサマ in some dialects)
• asik
  • asikne (アシㇰネ) - five, to be five (in number)
    • asiknep (アシㇰネㇷ゚) - five things
• asir (アシㇼ) - to be new (cf. Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   c'ir "new," Tibetan
  Tibetan language
  The Tibetan languages are a cluster of mutually-unintelligible Tibeto-Burman languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering the Indian subcontinent, including the Tibetan Plateau and the northern Indian subcontinent in Baltistan, Ladakh,...
  
   gsar > sar "new, fresh," Japanese ara "new" ~ sara "brand new, never used; again, further, moreover," Korean say > sɛ "new," Chinese 新 xīn "new," etc.)
• askepet (アㇱケペッ) - finger (possessed form アㇱケペチ askepeci or アㇱケペチヒ askepecihi; a variant form, アㇱペケㇳ aspeket, also occurs)
• aspa (アㇱパ) - to be deaf
  • aspap (アㇱパㇷ゚) - a deaf person, one who is unable to hear (cf. Japanese aho ~ ahō, [dial.] appā "a mute, a deaf-mute, a person who is unable to speak (and/or hear); an idiot, a fool, a dummy")
• at (アッ) - string, cord; elm fiber; bail (of a pot)
  • atni (アッニ) - Manchurian elm, Ulmus laciniata
  • attus (アットゥㇱ) - traditional Ainu coat made from fibers harvested from the bark of the Manchurian elm or the Japanese linden (probably < Ainu at "elm fiber" + Ainu rus "fur, hide, skin (of an animal)") http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/dictio/data/senshoku/ryui.htm
• atte (アッテ) - [v.t.] to hang (it), to hang up, to suspend
• atu (アトゥ) - to vomit
• atusa (アトゥサ) - naked, bare
• atuy (アトゥィ) - sea, ocean (also アトゥィカ atuyka or アトゥィソ atuyso in some dialects)
• aw (アゥ) - tongue (possessed form awe or awehe)
• ay (アィ) - thorn; arrow (possessed form aye or ayehe)
  • aycaro (アィチャロ) - nock of an arrow
  • ayrap (アィラㇷ゚) - feathers of an arrow, fletching
  • aysup (アィスㇷ゚) - shaft of an arrow
• aya (アヤ) - grain (of wood); lines, pattern of lines (on the palm of a hand) (cf. Japanese aya "figure, design; artifice, technique, figure (of speech); (to play) cat's cradle (with strings)")
• ay'ay (アィアィ) - babe, infant
• aykap (アィカㇷ゚) - to be inept, to be clumsy, to be unskillful, to be poor (at doing something)
• aynu (アィヌ) - person; human, mankind; the traditional name for the Ainu people; man, adult male, father, husband
  • Aynu-Mosir (アィヌモシㇼ) - the land of humans; the earth; Hokkaidō
    Hokkaido
    , formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is Japan's second largest island; it is also the largest and northernmost of Japan's 47 prefectural-level subdivisions. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu, although the two islands are connected by the underwater railway Seikan Tunnel...
    
    
• aype (アィペ) - abalone
  Abalone
  Abalone , from aulón, are small to very large-sized edible sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Haliotidae and the genus Haliotis...
  
   (cf. Japanese awabi "abalone")

C

• cape (チャペ) - cat (cf. Aomori
  Aomori Prefecture
  is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku Region. The capital is the city of Aomori.- History :Until the Meiji Restoration, the area of Aomori prefecture was known as Mutsu Province....
  
  , Akita
  Akita Prefecture
  is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku Region of northern Honshu, the main island of Japan. The capital is the city of Akita.- History :The area of Akita has been created from the ancient provinces of Dewa and Mutsu....
  
  , and Yamagata
  Yamagata Prefecture
  -Fruit:Yamagata Prefecture is the largest producer of cherries and pears in Japan. A large quantity of other kinds of fruits such as grapes, apples, peaches, melons, persimmons and watermelons are also produced.- Demographics :...
  
   Japanese
  Japanese language
  is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...
  
   dialects chape ちゃぺ or chappe ちゃっぺ "cat")
• car (チャラ) - mouth (possessed form caro ~ caroho; probably a doublet with Ainu paro "mouth")
• caranke (チャランケ) - appeal (n)
• casi (チャシ) - fence; enclosure; fortress, castle
• cep (チェㇷ゚) - fish (also ciep チエㇷ゚ in some dialects; supposedly derived from Ainu *ci-e-pe "that which we eat, the thing(s) that we eat")
• ci (チ) - penis, a male's private parts (possessed form ciye or ciyehe)
• ci- (チ) - we, a prefix that indicates a first person plural subject or possessor
• cikap (チカㇷ゚) - bird, [esp.] owl (cf. Chikap Kamuy
  Chikap Kamui
  Chikap Kamuy is the Ainu kamuy of owls and the land. He is responsible for overseeing the behavior of humans and kamuy. He is considered a deity of material success.-Depiction:...
  
  )
• cikuni (チクニ) - tree; wood, wooden (cf. Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   ciγr ~ -ziγr "tree")
• cip (チㇷ゚) - canoe, boat, ship
• cir (チㇼ) - bird
• cironnup (チロンヌㇷ゚ ) - fox
• cis (チㇱ) - to cry, to weep, to howl
  • cis-konci (チㇱコンチ) - a kerchief worn for a certain duration by a woman who has been bereaved of her husband; a widow's mourning headdress
• cise (チセ) - house/home
• ciw (チゥ) - tide; current (of a stream or of the sea); wave(s), ripple(s)
• ciw (チゥ) - to stab, to pierce
• cuk （チュㇰ) - autumn
• cup （チュㇷ゚) - luminary, sun, moon; month

E

• e (エ) - [v.t.] to eat
• e- (エ) - you, your (second person singular prefix)
  • eani (エア二) - you (as a separate word)
• e'en (エエン) - to be sharp
• ek (エㇰ) - [sing.] to come
• ekasi (エカシ) - grandfather; old man (エカㇱ ekas in some dialects)
• emus (エムㇱ) - sword (possessed form エムシ emusi or エムシヒ emusihi)
• epuy (エプィ) - sprout, bud; flower (エプィケ epuyke in some dialects; generally, the meaning of this word is either "sprout, bud" or otherwise "flower" depending on the dialect)
• erum (エルㇺ) - mouse, rat (also エレㇺ erem, エルム ermu, erumu, or エルムン erumun depending on the dialect)
• esaman (エサマン) - river otter
  Japanese River Otter
  The Japanese river otter is a variety of otter formerly widespread in Japan. Dating back to the 1880s, it was even seen in Tokyo. The population suddenly shrank in the 1930s, and the mammal nearly vanished...
  
  
• ecinke (エチンケ) - turtle, tortoise (エチンケゥ ecinkew in some dialects)
• etu (エトゥ) - nose; beak; a projecting tip of anything, the end (of a projecting part)

H

• hacir (ハチリ) - to fall
  • hacire (ハチレ) - to make fall, to knock over
• ham (ハㇺ) - leaf (possessed form hamu or hamuhu)
• hanke (ハンケ) - to be near
• hanku (ハンク) - navel (dialectal variants include hankapu ハンカプ, hankapuy ハンカプィ, hanka ハンカ, hanko ハンコ)
• hapo (ハポ) - mother
• hapur (ハプㇽ) - to be weak, to be soft, to be gentle, to be quiet (also アプㇽ apur in some dialects)
• harki (ハㇻキ) - left (左) (dialectal variants include harke ハㇻケ)
  • harki-sam (ハㇻキサㇺ) - left side
• haw (ハゥ) - voice (possessed form hawe ハウェ or hawehe ハウェへ)
  • hawean (ハウェアン) -[sing.] to say, to speak
  • haweoka (ハウェオカ) - [pl.] to say, to speak
• hayta (ハィタ) - not to be enough, to be insufficient, to come short of, to be lacking; to decrease; to be stupid, to be foolish
  • haytap (ハィタㇷ゚) - a fool
• hekaci (ヘカチ) - child (esp. a male one), boy, lad; son (also エカチ ekaci in some dialects; the plural form *hekaci-utar or *ekaci-utar may be fused to hekattar or ekattar and used as if singular)
• hem (ヘㇺ)
  • hemanta (へマンタ) - what? (dialectal variants include hemata へマタ)
  • hempakpe (ヘンパㇰペ) - how many (things)? (in some older documents, this word is also recorded as hempak)
  • hempara (ヘンパラ) - when? (in some dialects, ネンパラ nempara may be used instead of hempara; cf. Ainu pa "year; season")
• hese (ヘセ) - to breathe; to sigh
• hok (ホㇰ) - to buy (dialectal variants include hoh ホㇷ)
• hoku (ホク) - husband (possessed form hokuhu; dialectal variants include oku(hu))
• hom (ホㇺ) - a knot (in wood); a joint (of bamboo)
  • nihom (ニホㇺ) - a knot in wood, a knot in a tree (possessed form nihomi ニホミ; in some dialects, the two morphemes that compose this compound are maintained as separate words, i.e. ni hom instead of nihom)
  • tophom (トㇷ゚ホㇺ) - a joint of bamboo (in some dialects, this form is maintained as two separate words, i.e. top hom instead of tophom)
• homar (ホマㇻ) - to be vague, to be faint, to be indistinct, to be dim (also オマㇻ omar in some dialects)
• hon (ホン) - belly, abdomen, stomach (possessed form honi ホニ or honihi ホニヒ)
• horkew (ホㇿケゥ) - wolf (also horokew in some dialects)
• horse (ホㇿセ) - to rot, to decay; to be rotten, to be stinking, to be stale, to be sour (also ホㇱセ hosse)
• hot (ホッ) - twenty (used in counting)
  • hotne (ホッネ) - (to be) twenty
    • hotnen (ホッネン) - twenty persons
    • hotnep (ホッネㇷ゚) - twenty things
• hoynu (ホィヌ) - marten, sable
• hu (フ) - to be alive, to be living (said of a plant); to be raw, to be fresh, to be green
• huci (フチ) - grandmother; old woman (also フッチ hutci in some dialects)
• hum (フㇺ) - sound, noise (possessed form フミ humi or フミヒ humihi)
• humpe (フンペ) - whale
• hunara
  • ehunara (エフナラ) - to envy, to be jealous of
  • ipehunara (イペフナラ) - to be stingy with food, to be reluctant to give food (to another person, etc.)
• hur (フㇽ) - hill, mountain
• hura (フラ) - a smell
  • hura at (フラ　アッ) - to smell, to be/become smelly/fragrant
  • hura nu (フラ　ヌ) - to smell, to sense a smell
• huraye (フライェ) - to wash
• hure (フレ) - (to be) red
• husko (フㇱコ) - to be old, to be longstanding
• huttat (フッタッ) - bamboo grass
  Sasa (genus)
  Sasa is a genus of running bamboo. These species have at most one branch per node....
  
   (also フタッ hutat, フラㇱ huras, ウラㇱ uras, or フル huru depending on the dialect)

I

• ikka (イㇰカ) - to steal (also イㇱカ iska in some dialects)
  • ikkap (イㇰカㇷ゚) - thief
  • ikkakamuy (イㇰカカムィ) - thief
• ikuspe (イクㇱペ) - pillar, column
• imeru (イメル) - lightning
• inaw (イナゥ) - sacred shaved stick, symbolizing a bird, used for prayer http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/ainu/html/room01.html
• ine (イネ)
  • inen (イネン) - four persons
  • inep (イネㇷ゚) - four things
• iomante
  Iomante
  is the name of an Ainu ceremony. The word literally means "to send something/someone off", and generally refers to the Ainu brown bear sacrifice. However, in some Ainu villages, it is a Blakiston's Fish Owl, rather than a bear, that is sacrificed. In Japanese, the ceremony is known as or,...
  
  (イオマンテ) - the Ainu bear festival http://www.bears.org/spirit/ainumyth.html (sometimes pronounced as イヨマンテ iyomante, イヨマンデ iyomande, etc.; from i- ("it, something, someone," a prefix for vaguely indicating the object of a verb) + oman (to go) + -te (causative suffix))
• ipe （イペ） - [v.i.] to eat, to have a meal; [n.] fish (especially the likes of salmon, trout, or sturgeon)
  • somo ku-ipe na (ソモ　クイペ　ナ) - I won't eat.
• ipetam (イペタㇺ) - legendary Ainu sword http://www32.ocn.ne.jp/~shoppe/LegeEg.htm
• ironne (イロンネ) - thick (as a flattish object)
• isam (イサㇺ) - not to exist, not to be, not to have; to be gone, not to be there anymore; to die (semantically equivalent to Japanese 無い, なくなる, or （～て）しまう)
• isepo (イセポ) - rabbit, hare (イソポ isopo in some dialects)
• itak (イタㇰ) - language
• iwan (イワン) - six; many
  • iwanpe (イワンペ) - six things, six animals, six persons
  • iwaniw (イワニゥ) - six persons
• iwaw (イワゥ) - sulfur (cf. Japanese iō "sulfur" < iwau ?< Chinese
  Chinese language
  The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...
  
   硫磺 liúhuáng "sulfur, brimstone")

K

• ka (カ) - cord, thread, yarn; trap (possessed form kaha)
• ka (カ) - above, over, up
  • kanna (カンナ) - [adj.] upper
  • kata (カタ) - atop, on top of, over, above (< ka + locative case marker -ta)
• kam (カㇺ) - meat, flesh (possessed form kami or kamihi)
• kampi (カンピ) - paper; a letter, a missive (cf. Japanese kami "paper" and tegami "a letter, a missive" < te "hand; handwriting" + kami "paper")
  • kampi-sos (カンピソㇱ) - book (< Japanese kami "paper" + obsolete Sino-Japanese 冊子 *sakusi > *sausi > sōshi "book")
• kamtaci (カㇺタチ) - malt (cf. Japanese *kamutati > kōji "malt")
  • kamtacisakpe (カㇺタチサㇰペ) - a witless person
• kamuy (カムィ) - god, deity, spirit; bear; used as an element in some descriptive, euphemistic, or honorific names of animals and in some words that describe persons who characteristically perform a certain action or behave in a certain manner (cf. Japanese *kamui > (Old Japanese
  Old Japanese
  is the oldest attested stage of the Japanese language.This stage in the development of Japanese is still actively studied and debated, and key Old Japanese texts, such as the Man'yōshū, remain obscure in places.-Dating:...
  
  ) kamï > kami 'god')
  • Kamuy-Kara-Puto-Ya-Mosir (カムィカラプトヤモシㇼ) - supposedly means "mouth of water"; refers to Karafuto, or the mouth of the Amur River
  • Kamuy-Mosir (カムィモシㇼ) - "Land of the Gods"; heaven
  • kamuy-nomi (カムィノミ) - to pray to the gods
• kani (カニ) - metal, [esp.] iron (カネ kane in Saru and Chitose dialects; cf. Japanese kane "metal; money")
  • konkani (コンカニ) - gold (コンカネ konkane in Saru and Chitose dialects; cf. obsolescent Japanese kogane "gold" < Old Japanese *kogane ~ *kugane)
  • sirokani (シロカニ) - silver (シロカネ sirokane in Saru and Chitose dialects; cf. obsolescent Japanese shirogane "silver" < Old Japanese *sirokane)
• kanto (カント) - sky, heaven
• kap (カㇷ゚) - skin, fur, rind, peel, bark, outer covering of anything (possessed form kapu or kapuhu)
  • kapkar (カㇷ゚カㇻ) - to skin, to peel, to remove the rind, to strip the bark
• kapap (カパㇷ゚) - bat
  Bat
  Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera "hand" and pteron "wing") whose forelimbs form webbed wings, making them the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight. By contrast, other mammals said to fly, such as flying squirrels, gliding possums, and colugos, glide rather than fly,...
  
   (the flying mammal) (cf. Proto-Japanese
  Japanese language
  is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...
  
   *kapapori > Modern Japanese kōmori "bat")
• kapar (カパㇻ) - to be thin (as a flattish object)
• kapiw (カピゥ) - seagull
• kar (カㇻ) - to make, to prepare, to produce, to do; to peel (a rind); to put (a lid) on (a pot)
• karku (カㇻク) - nephew
• karus (カルㇱ) - mushroom
• katkemat (カッケマッ) - [honorific] wife; lady, woman of means or high status
• kawkaw (カゥカゥ) - hail, sleet
• kay (カィ) - to break (a long object, such as a bone), to snap
• kem (ケㇺ) - blood
  • kemnu (ケㇺヌ) - to bleed
  • kemorit (ケモリッ) - a blood vessel; a vein or an artery (also kemrit ケㇺリッ)
  • kemus (ケムㇱ) - bloody, covered in blood, having blood all over
• kem (ケㇺ) - shortage of food, famine, hunger, starvation
  • kemekot　(ケメコッ) - to starve to death, to die of hunger
  • kemnoye　(ケㇺノイェ) - to starve to death, to die of hunger
  • kemus (ケムㇱ) - famished, starving; there is/was a famine
• kem (ケㇺ) - a needle
  • kemeyki　(ケメィキ) - to do needlework, to sew
• kema (ケマ) - leg
• ker (ケㇾ) - footwear, shoe, boot (explicitly possessed form ケリ keri)
• kera (ケラ) - taste, flavor
• kes (ケㇱ) - end (explicitly possessed form ケセ kese or ケセへ kesehe)
• kes- (ケㇱ) - every (day, year, etc.)
• ki (キ) - to do
• ki (キ) - louse (esp. head louse
  Head louse
  The head louse is an obligate ectoparasite of humans. Head lice are wingless insects spending their entire life on human scalp and feeding exclusively on human blood...
  
  )
  • urki (ウㇽキ) - louse
  • tayki (タィキ) - flea
    Flea
    Flea is the common name for insects of the order Siphonaptera which are wingless insects with mouthparts adapted for piercing skin and sucking blood...
    
    
• kikir (キキㇼ) - bug, insect, worm
• kim (キㇺ) - mountain
• kimi (キミ) - maize
  Maize
  Maize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
  
   (cf. Japanese Tōhoku and Oki
  Oki Islands
  are a group of islands in the southwestern part of the Sea of Japan and belong to Japan.-Geography:The Oki Islands are situated between 40 to 80 kilometers north of the coast of Honshū.The islands are of volcanic origin and have a total area of 346,1 km2...
  
   dialects kimi "maize" < standard Japanese kibi "Proso millet
  Proso millet
  Proso millet is also known as common millet, hog millet or white millet. Both the wild ancestor and the location of domestication of proso millet are unknown, but it first appears as a crop in both Transcaucasia and China about 7,000 years ago, suggesting that it may have been domesticated...
  
  ")
• kina (キナ) - grass, herb, (edible or otherwise useful) plant; a kind of mat woven from dried bulrush leaves with decorative patterns executed in cotton cloth
  • sikina (シキナ) - bulrush
    Typha latifolia
    Typha latifolia is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus Typha. It is found as a native plant species in North and South America, Europe, Eurasia, and Africa...
    
     (< Ainu intensive or reflexive prefix si- "(one)self; true, real; good, fine" + kina)
• kira (キラ) - to run away, to flee, to escape
• kiraw (キラゥ) - horn, antler (explicitly possessed form kirawe キラウェ or kirawehe キラウェへ)
• kiray (キラィ) - comb
• kiror (キロㇿ) - strength, power, ability
• kirpu (キㇼプ) - fatty meat, the fatty part (of a fish's flesh, etc.); fat, lard (cf. Korean
  Korean language
  Korean is the official language of the country Korea, in both South and North. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China. There are about 78 million Korean speakers worldwide. In the 15th century, a national writing...
  
   gireum "oil, fat, grease, lard, blubber, suet, tallow")
  • kirpu'us (キㇼプウㇱ) - fatty, having plenty of fat on it
• kisar (キサㇻ) - ear
• kitay (キタィ) - top of anything; summit, peak (of a mountain); roof (of a house)
• kito (キト) - an alternative or dialectal name for pukusa (Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum)
• kokkasapa (コㇰカサパ) - knee, kneecap
• konci (コンチ) - hat; headscarf
• konru (コンル) - ice; [dial.] hail; [dial.] sleet
• kor (コㇿ) - to hold; to keep; to have
• koraci (コラチ) - like ~, as ~, in the manner of ~
• kore (コレ) - to give (probably from the causative
  Causative
  In linguistics, a causative is a form that indicates that a subject causes someone or something else to do or be something, or causes a change in state of a non-volitional event....
  
   form of Ainu kor "to hold; to have," i.e. *kor-de > kor-e "to cause to hold; to cause to have" > kore "to give")
• Korpokkur (コㇿポㇰクㇽ) - name of a traditional Ainu folktale http://www.fun.ac.jp/~seberry/ainu.html
• kotan (コタン) - village, settlement; dwelling place
  • Kamuy-Kotan (カムィコタン) - Kamuikotan, a scenic area located in the valley of the Ishikari River
    Ishikari River
    is a river in Hokkaidō, Japan. At in length, the river is the third longest in Japan and the longest in Hokkaidō. The river has a drainage area of , making it the second largest in Japan, as is its total discharge of around per year....
    
     (literally, "dwelling place of (a/the) god")
• ku (ク) - bow
  Bow (weapon)
  The bow and arrow is a projectile weapon system that predates recorded history and is common to most cultures.-Description:A bow is a flexible arc that shoots aerodynamic projectiles by means of elastic energy. Essentially, the bow is a form of spring powered by a string or cord...
  
  
• ku (ク) - to drink; to smoke (tobacco, etc.)
• ku- (ク) - I, my (a prefix that is attached to a verbal stem in order to indicate a first person singular subject, or to a nominal stem in order to indicate a first person singular possessor)
  • kuani (クアニ) - I (first person singular pronoun; also pronounced as カニ kani)
• kucan (クチャン) - a female bear
• kumi (クミ) - mold
  • kumius (クミウㇱ) - moldy, rotten and covered in mold
• kunki (クンキ) - nail (cf. Japanese 釘 kugi)
• kunne (クンネ) - black; dark (probably < Ainu kur "shadow" + ne "to be, to become")
  • kunnecup (クンネチュプ) - the Moon (literally, "Dark/Shadowy/Black Luminary")
  • Kunashir (クナシㇼ) - Black (Is)land. Present day Kunashir Island
    Kunashir Island
    Kunashir Island , possibly meaning Black Island or Grass Island in Ainu, is the southernmost island of the Kuril Islands, which are controlled by Russia and claimed by Japan ....
    
    .
• kupa (クパ) - to bite, to nibble
  • kupapa (クパパ) - to bite, to bite and hold on with the teeth (cf. Japanese *kupape- > kuwae- "to hold in the mouth or between the teeth," *kup- > kuw- "to eat; [dial.] to bite")
• kur (クㇽ) - shadow
• kur (クㇽ) - person (cf. Korpokkur, Kuril, and Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   kʰuγi "(exonym for the) Ainu")
  • ku-kor kur (クコㇿ　クㇽ) - my husband
• kut (クッ) - belt, girdle, waistband (explicitly possessed form クチ kuci or クチヒ kucihi)
• kuta (クタ) - to spill, to upset; to throw away
• Kutune Shirka
  Kutune Shirka
  The , known in Japanese as or simply is a sacred yukar epic of the native Ainu people of Japan. The Ainu title refers to a magic sword wielded by the story's protagonist. It is one of the most important, if not the most important, piece of Ainu literature...
  
  (クト゚ネシㇼカ) - name of a sacred Ainu epic
• kuy (クィ) - to chew (also reduplicated to produce クィクィ kuykuy)

M

• ma (マ) - to roast, to broil
• ma (マ) - to swim
• mak (マㇰ) - how (cf. Middle Korean 매 may > Modern Korean 왜 wɛ "why; how")
• makiri (マキリ) - knife
• mame (マメ) - bean or pea, pulses, legumes (cf. Japanese mame 'bean, pea, legumes')
• mata （マタ） - winter (also known as the "men's season" for the fact that it is a good time of year for men to hunt for furs)
  • matanoski （マタノシキ） - midwinter
  • matapa (マタパ) - wintertime, the winter season
• mat (マッ) - wife; woman; [as prefix] female (explicitly possessed form マチ maci or マチヒ macihi)
  • matne (マッネ) - female
  • matak (マタㇰ) - younger sister (from an elder sister's point of view)
    • a-mataki (アマタキ) (Classical), ku-mataki (クマタキ) (Colloquial), ku-kor matak (クコㇿ マタㇰ) - my younger sister (said by an elder sister)
  • matkaci (マッカチ) - girl (also マチカチ macikaci in some dialects; < Ainu mat "female" + Ainu hekaci ~ ekaci "child, [esp.] son")
  • matkarku (マッカㇻク) - niece
• mawsok (マゥソㇰ) - to yawn
• me (メ)
  • me'an (メアン) - to be cold (as the weather)
  • me'ekot (メエコッ) - to freeze to death; to starve due to frigid weather
• mek (メㇰ) - to bark (ミㇰ mik in some dialects)
• mem (メム) - spring, pool, a place where clear water wells up
• menoko (メノコ) - woman; [esp.] young woman; [in some contexts] daughter (cf. Japanese menoko 'woman; girl')
• mi (ミ) - to put on (clothes), to wear on the body
  • amip (アミㇷ゚) - clothes, clothing (literally, "that which is worn on the body")
• mici (ミチ) - father (in some Ainu dialects, mici is formal and means something like "dead father" or "ancestor"; such dialects typically use aca in the regular meaning of "father")
• mina (ミナ) - to laugh
• mo (モ)
  • mokor (モコㇿ) - to sleep
  • mono (モノ) - quietly
• mom (モㇺ) - to float; to flow (as a river, etc.)
• mori (モリ) - small hill, hillock, slope (cf. Japanese mori "forest; [dial.] Shinto shrine, sacred grove, holy place; [dial.] hill")
• mosir (モシㇼ) - island; land; country, territory; world
• moy (モィ) - eddy, whirlpool; inlet, bay
• moyo (モヨ) - few, little
• moyuk (モユㇰ) - tanuki
  Tanuki
  is the common Japanese name for the Japanese raccoon dog . They have been part of Japanese folklore since ancient times...
  
  
• mukar (ムカㇻ) - ax (cf. Ainu makiri "knife," Japanese masakari "broadax")
• mukkuri
  Mukkuri
  Mukkuri is a traditional Japanese plucked idiophone indigenous to the Ainu. The Mukkuri is made from bamboo and is 10 cm long and 1.5 cm wide. Similar to a jaw harp, sound is made by pulling the string and vibrating the inside.- External links :*...
  
  (ムックリ) - traditional Ainu Jew's harp
  Jew's harp
  The Jew's harp, jaw harp, mouth harp, Ozark harp, trump or juice harp, is thought to be one of the oldest musical instruments in the world; a musician apparently playing it can be seen in a Chinese drawing from the 4th century BC...
  
   (also ムックㇽ mukkur, ムフクン muhkun, or ムック mukku depending on the dialect)
• mun (ムン) - grass, weed, (useless) plant; trash, rubbish (cf. Japanese *munta or *muna > muda "useless, ineffectual; waste, wasteful, wastefulness" and Japanese munashi- "to be (in) vain, to be futile")
• munin (ムニン) - to rot, to decay; to be rotten
• muy (ムィ) - winnow (cf. Japanese mi "winnow" < Old Japanese
  Old Japanese
  is the oldest attested stage of the Japanese language.This stage in the development of Japanese is still actively studied and debated, and key Old Japanese texts, such as the Man'yōshū, remain obscure in places.-Dating:...
  
   mï < *mui)

N

• nan (ナン) - face (possessed form nanu ナヌ or nanuhu ナヌフ)
  • nanuwen (ナヌウェン) - ugly (literally, "its face is bad")
    • nanuwen-cep (ナヌウェンチェㇷ゚) - sea raven
      Sea raven
      Sea ravens are a family, Hemitripteridae of scorpaeniform fishes. They are bottom-dwelling fishes that feed on small invertebrates, found in the northwest Atlantic and north Pacific oceans...
      
      , shaggy sculpin, Hemitripterus villosus
• nanna (ナンナ) - mother (nanna was used in Sakhalin
  Sakhalin
  Sakhalin or Saghalien, is a large island in the North Pacific, lying between 45°50' and 54°24' N.It is part of Russia, and is Russia's largest island, and is administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast...
  
   dialects; the variant nonno ノンノ was used by the Kuril Islands
  Kuril Islands
  The Kuril Islands , in Russia's Sakhalin Oblast region, form a volcanic archipelago that stretches approximately northeast from Hokkaidō, Japan, to Kamchatka, Russia, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. There are 56 islands and many more minor rocks. It consists of Greater...
  
   Ainu)
• nay (ナィ) - dale, valley (esp. one which has a stream or a marsh); (mountain) stream, brook, river (appears in some Hokkaido place names, e.g. Makomanai and Wakkanai; cf. Middle Korean
  Korean language
  Korean is the official language of the country Korea, in both South and North. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China. There are about 78 million Korean speakers worldwide. In the 15th century, a national writing...
  
   nay ~ nayh- > Modern Korean nɛ "brook, creek, small river")
• ne (ネ) - to be; to become
• ne (ネ)
  • nekone (ネコネ) - What's the matter?, What's wrong?
  • nen (ネン) - who (<*ne niw "what person")
    • nenka (ネンカ) - someone, anyone, no one (e.g. nenka isam "There is no one (at all)")
  • nep (ネプ) - what; something, anything (<*ne pe "what thing")
    • nepka (ネプカ) - something, anything, nothing (e.g. nepka e eram an "Do you know something (about it)?", nepka isam "There is nothing (at all)")
  • newno (ネゥノ) - where, whence, whither
  • neyta (ネィタ) - where, whence, whither
• ni （ニ） - tree; wood
  • ni kapuhu (ニカプフ) - bark of a tree
  • nikara (ニカラ) - a notched log used as a ladder to access an elevated structure
  • nina (ニナ) - to collect firewood
  • nitay (ニタィ) - woods, forest
• ni (ニ) (cf. Korean
  Korean language
  Korean is the official language of the country Korea, in both South and North. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China. There are about 78 million Korean speakers worldwide. In the 15th century, a national writing...
  
   ni > i "tooth, teeth" and Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   nəγs "teeth")
  • nimak (ニマㇰ) - tooth, teeth (mimak or imak in some dialects; possessed form nimaki ~ nimakihi)
  • nirus (ニルㇱ) - gums (of the teeth)
• nis (ニㇱ) - sky, heaven, air; cloud (cf. Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   lɨx "sky, weather")
  • niskur (ニㇱクㇽ) - cloud
• nisat (ニサッ) - morning, dawn; tomorrow
• nispa (ニㇱパ) - a master, an owner; a wealthy person, a rich man, the rich; a gentleman, a lord; an honorific title for a man, Mr.
• nisu (ニス) - a mortar (perhaps from Ainu ni "tree; wood" + Ainu su "pot")
• nit (ニッ) - handle; stick, rod; skewer, spit (possessed form ニチ nici)
  • nitne (ニッネ) - to be hard, to be solid, to be firm
• nociw (ノチゥ) - star
• nok (ノㇰ) - egg; testicle (cf. Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   ŋóik "egg")
• nokkew (ノッケゥ) - jaw (probably from Ainu not "chin; cape, promontory" + obsolete Ainu *kew "bone")
  • kanna-nokkew (カンナノッケゥ) - upper jaw
• nonno (ノンノ) - flower
• noski (ノㇱキ) - middle, center (variants include noske ノㇱケ)
• nospa (ノㇱパ) - to chase, to pursue, to run after, to follow
• not (ノッ) - chin; cape, promontory
• notak (ノタㇰ) - blade, cutting edge, sharp edge of a tool (possessed form ノタク notaku or ノタクフ notakuhu)
• noto (ノト) - calm (of the sea, etc.), lull (dialectal variants include neto ネト)
• noype (ノィペ) - brain; temples (of the head)
• nu (ヌ) - to hear, to listen
• numa (ヌマ) - hair (of the body)
• numan (ヌマン) - yesterday
• nup (ヌプ) - (wild) field, plain, fen, tableland
  • nupka (ヌプカ) - id.
• nupe （ヌペ） - tears
• nupek (ヌペㇰ) - light (dialectal variants include nipek and nikep; possessed form nupeki, nipeki, nikepihi, etc.)
  • ninninkep (ニンニンケプ) - a firefly, a glowworm (ニニンケプ nininkep in the dialect of Urakawa)
• nupuri (ヌプリ) - mountain
• nusa （ヌサ） - a word that collectively describes an altar and the many inaw (a shaved stick used in an offertory ceremony) that decorate it (cf. obsolete Japanese
  Japanese language
  is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...
  
   幣 nusa "an offering made to a deity; an object that is used in a ceremony of purification (harae); a gift, esp. one that is presented on the occasion of a person's setting out on a journey")

O

• ohaw (オハゥ) - ohaw, Ainu-style stew
• okay (オカィ), oka (オカ) - [pl.] to be (in a certain place), to exist (suppletive plural form of アン an)
• okkay (オッカィ) - a man, a male (also オッカヨ okkayo in some dialects)
• oman (オマン) - [sing.] to go
• omap (オマㇷ゚) - to love (one's child, etc.), to cherish, to hold dear (cf. Japanese
  Japanese language
  is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...
  
   omow- < *omop- "to think (that), to consider, to feel; to recall, to recollect, to remember; to imagine, to think of, to think about; to worry (about), to care (about), to love")
• on (オン) - to ferment
• ona (オナ) - father (explicitly possessed form オナハ onaha)
• onkami (オンカミ) - worship/prayer/beseechment (cf. Japanese
  Japanese language
  is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...
  
   ogami, which has the same meanings)
• onne (オンネ) - to be old (of age); to grow old, to age
• ontaru (オンタル) - barrel (cf. Japanese taru "barrel")
• or (オㇿ) - [n.] the inside (of something)
  • or ta (オㇿタ) - on the inside (of something), in, within (usually contracted according to a regular morphophonological process to become オッタ otta)
• osoma (オソマ) - feces
• osor (オソㇿ) - buttocks, derrière
• ota (オタ) - sand; sandy plain, sandy place, beach
• otcike (オッチケ) - tray (cf. Japanese oshiki < *wosiki "tray")
• otop (オトㇷ゚) - hair (also エトㇷ゚ etop in some dialects)
• oyra (オィラ) - to forget

P

• pa (パ) - head; top, summit
  • pake (パケ) - head; top, summit
• pa (パ) - season, time of year; year, age
• papus (パプㇱ) - lip (also capus, patoy)
  • kanna-papus (カンナパプㇱ) - upper lip
• para (パラ) - wide, broad (cf. Japanese *piro- > hiro-, -biro "wide, broad" and various toponyms, such as Sapporo, Paramushir, Toyohara (Toyopara), etc.)
• paro (パロ) - mouth (possessed form paroho)
  • parunpe (パルンペ) - tongue (cf. Japanese pero-pero "lick lick (as said to a dog, etc.)" and dialectal or vulgar Japanese bero "tongue")
• pase (パセ) - to be heavy; to be important, to be valuable (also pasi in some dialects)
• pasuy (パスィ) - chopsticks (cf. Old Japanese
  Old Japanese
  is the oldest attested stage of the Japanese language.This stage in the development of Japanese is still actively studied and debated, and key Old Japanese texts, such as the Man'yōshū, remain obscure in places.-Dating:...
  
   *pasi or *ɸasi > Modern Japanese
  Japanese language
  is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...
  
   hashi "chopsticks")
• paye (パイェ) - [pl. subj.] to go
• paykar （パィカㇻ） - spring (season)
• pe (ペ) - a thing, a person, one (who is/does ~)
• pe (ペ) - water (especially that which is non-potable, not intended for drinking, or laden with much dissolved or suspended matter), moisture, sap, juice (possessed form pehe ペヘ)
• peko (ペコ) - cow, cattle (cf. べこ beko "cow, cattle" in various Japanese dialects)
• pene (ペネ) - thoroughly rotten, soft with decay, rotten and sticky or slimy
• pet　（ペッ） - river (appears in Hokkaido place names as betsu, e.g., Noboribetsu)
• pewre (ペゥレ) - to be young
• pi (ピ) - seed, kernel, pip; pebble (as on a riverbed), small stone (possessed form piye ピイェ or piyehe ピイェヘ)
• pinne (ピンネ) - male
• pira (ピラ) - cliff, precipice (cf. Old Japanese *yomotupirasaka ("the slope at the entrance to the realm of Hades, the sloping path that leads into the underworld"), Okinawan hwira "slope, hillside," Middle Korean byero ~ byerh- ~ birey ("cliff, precipice; craggy shore; the high or sloping part of an inkstone (as opposed to the depression in which liquid ink is collected)") > Modern Korean byeorang ("cliff, precipice") ~ byeoru ("an inkstone; a precipice at a seashore or at a riverbank"))
• pirka （ピㇼカ） - good, nice, fine, beautiful
  • pirka kur （ピㇼカクル） - a fine man (in the sense of "a good person, a virtuous person")
  • pirka okkay (ピㇼカオッカィ） - a fine man (in the sense of "a handsome man, a good-looking man")
  • pirka menoko （ピㇼカメノコ） - a beautiful woman, a fine young lady
  • pirka pa （ピㇼカパ）- a good year
• pis (ピㇱ) - coast, shore, beach
• po (ポ) - a child, (in some dialects especially) a son; a juvenile, the young of anything (possessed form ポホ poho; also frequently used as a diminutive suffix)
  • pon (ポン) - (to be) small, (to be) little
    • ponmat (ポンマッ) - a concubine
    • ponno (ポンノ) - [adv.] few, a little (water to drink, etc.), a bit
• pok (ポㇰ) -
  • pokna (ポㇰナ) - lower, under, below, beneath
• pok (ポㇰ) - vulva, a female's private parts (possessed form poki or pokihi)
• pone (ポネ) - bone (cf. Old Japanese *pone or *ɸone > Modern Japanese hone ~ -bone "bone")
• popke (ポㇷ゚ケ) - to be warm
• poppe (ポㇷ゚ペ) - sweat, perspiration (formerly also ポㇷ゚ pop in some dialects)
• poro (ポロ) - big, large
  • poronno (ポロンノ) - many, much, a lot
• poru (ポル) - cave, pit, hole (in rock, etc.)
• poyna (ポイナ) - rock, stone (esp. one that is large)
• pu （プ）- an elevated structure in which to store food and other valuables (the traditional Ainu equivalent of a shed or a warehouse)
• pukusa (プクサ) - a kind of wild plant (Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum) that is prized by the Ainu for its pungent, garlic-like flavor (known in Japanese as Ainu negi "Ainu onion" or gyōja ninniku "wandering ascetic
  Yamabushi
  ' are Japanese mountain ascetic hermits with a long tradition as mighty warriors endowed with supernatural powers. They follow the Shugendō doctrine, an integration of mainly esoteric Buddhism of the Shingon sect, with Tendai and Shinto elements...
  
   garlic")
• punki (プンキ) - a guard, a watchman
• put (プッ) - a confluence (of two rivers); a mouth (of a body of water), an outlet
• puy (プィ) - a hole
• puyar (プヤラ) - a window (also ピヤラ piyar, プララ purar, プラィ puray, or プワラ puwar depending on the dialect)

R

• rakko (ラッコ) - a sea otter (borrowed into Japanese with the same form and meaning)
• ram （ラㇺ） - heart (in the figurative sense), bosom, soul, mind; understanding, intellect
  • eraman (エラマン) - to know, to understand (also e-ram an　エラㇺアン)
• ramat (ラマッ) - soul, spirit; meaning (of a word, etc.) (possessed form ramaci ラマチ)
• rap (ラㇷ゚) - feather; wing
  • raporapo (ラポラポ) - to fly, to flap the wings
  • kisarrap (キサㇻラㇷ゚) - the external ear, the part of the ear that projects from the side of the head; earlobe
• rar (ラㇻ) - eyebrow (possessed form ラル raru or ラルフ raruhu)
  • rarnuma (ラㇻヌマ) - eyebrow, the hair of the eyebrows
  • rarutur (ラルトゥㇽ) - the space between the eyebrows
• rarak (ララㇰ) - to be smooth; to be slippery
• ray (ラィ) - to die
  • cupray (チュㇷ゚ラィ) - eclipse
  • rayke (ラィケ) - [sing. obj.] to kill (one thing), to cause (a singular object) to die
• re (レ) - name (possessed form レヘ rehe)
• re
  • rep (レㇷ゚) - three things (<*re pe)
  • ren (レン) - three persons (<*re niu)
• rekut (レクッ) - neck, throat (possessed form レクチ rekuci or レクチヒ rekucihi)
• rep (レㇷ゚) - offshore, the offing, (out in the) sea
  • repun (レプン) - in the offing, offshore, out in the sea (cf. Rebun Island
    Rebun Island
    Rebun Island lies in the Sea of Japan off the northwestern tip of Hokkaidō, Japan. Rebun stretches 29 kilometers in the north-south direction and 8 kilometers east-west, covering about 80 square kilometers. The island is known for its alpine flowers and the 8-Hour Hiking Course which runs from one...
    
    )
    • repunkamuy
      Repun Kamui
      -Depiction:Repun Kamuy is sometimes depicted as an orca. In other instances, he is a carefree, somewhat mischievous young man armed with a harpoon.-Mythology:...
      
      (レプンカムィ) - god of the sea; orca
      Orca
      The killer whale , commonly referred to as the orca, and less commonly as the blackfish, is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family. Killer whales are found in all oceans, from the frigid Arctic and Antarctic regions to tropical seas...
      
      ; (in Samani dialect) whale
• rera (レラ) - wind
• resu (レス) - to raise (a child, etc.), to rear, to bring up, to foster
  • respa (レㇱパ) - [pl.] to raise
  • u-respa (ウレㇱパ) - to live together, to cohabit
• retar (レタㇻ) - white
  • retatcir (レタッチㇼ) - swan
• ri （リ） - high, tall, lofty
• rir (リㇼ) - wave (of the sea)
• rimse (リㇺセ) - a dance; to dance; to jump up
• rok (ロク) - [pl. subj.] to sit
• ronnu (ロンヌ) - [pl. obj.] to kill (more than one thing), to massacre (occurs as ロンノ ronno in some dialects)
• ru (ル) - path, way, road, street
• rupus (ルプㇱ) - to freeze
• rur (ルㇽ) - (clear) soup, broth, gravy; the tide, the surface of the sea, sea water, sea, ocean
  • cep rur (チェㇷ゚ルㇽ) - fish broth
  • runnu (ルンヌ) - to be salty
• rus (ルㇱ) - fur, hide, skin (of an animal) (cf. Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   cus ~ -zus "meat, flesh")
• ruska (ルㇱカ) - to get angry (often used in the form イルㇱカ i-ruska "to get angry about it")
• ruy (ルィ) - whetstone, grindstone
• ruyanpe (ルヤンペ) - rain; [dial.] storm

S

• sak （サㇰ） - summer (also known as the "women's season" for the fact that it is a good time of year for women to cultivate plants or to gather wild botanical resources)
• sampe (サンペ) - heart, cardiac organ
• san (サン) - to go down, to descend; to flow along (as a river)
  • sanke (サンケ) - to send down, to cause to go down
• sani (サニ) - lineage, bloodline
  • santek (サンテㇰ) - lineage, bloodline; descendant
• sapa (サパ) - head
  • sapa pirka (サパピㇼカ) - to be intelligent, to be smart
• sapanpe (サパンペ) - men's ceremonial Ainu crown http://www.ainu-museum.or.jp/english/eng08.html
• sapo (サポ) - elder sister
• sar (サㇻ) - tail (possessed form sara サラ or saraha サラハ)
• sar (サㇻ) - marsh, wetland, reedy plain
  • sarki (サㇻキ) - reed
• sat (サッ) - [v.i.] to dry
  • satke (サッケ) - [v.t.] to dry
• sayo （サヨ） - sayo, Ainu-style porridge
• sesek (セセㇰ) - to be hot
  • sesekka (セセㇰカ) - to warm (by a fire, etc.), to heat
• set (セッ) - bed; nest (possessed form セチ seci or セチヒ secihi)
  • heperset (ヘペレセッ) - a cage in which a bear cub is kept (also known as kamuyset or hepercise)
• seta (セタ) - dog (recent dialectal variants include sita シタ; early records of the Ainu language also contain other variant forms of this word for "dog," such as sta, heta, and hida)
• setur (セツル) - back (of one's body)
• si (シ) - dung, (animal) feces, excrement
• sik (シㇰ) - to be full (of oil, etc.); to become full, to be filled (with something); to be sated
• sik (シㇰ) - eye; eyesight (possessed form siki or sikihi)
  • sikiwen (シキウェン) - weak-eyed, weak-sighted (literally, "one's eye(sight) is bad")
  • sikkap (シㇰカㇷ゚) - eyelid
  • sikkes (シㇰケシ) - the outer end or outer corner of an eye
  • siknum (シクヌㇺ) - eyeball
  • sikpa (シㇰパ) - the inner end or inner corner of an eye (also シㇰパケ sikpake)
  • sikrap (シㇰラプ) - eyelash (also シキラプ sikirap in some dialects)
• siknu (シㇰヌ) - to be alive
• sikotan (シコタン）　－　Pleasant Village (present day Shikotan
  Shikotan
  Shikotan, in Russian , Japanese , or シコタㇴ), is one of the bigger islands of the Kuril Islands, which are controlled by Russia. It is one of the four southernmost islands which Japan maintains a claim for...
  
   island)
• sine (シネ) - one
  • sinep (シネプ) - one thing
  • sinen (シネン) - one person
• sinrit (シンリッ) - root (of a tree, etc.); (ancestral) roots, bloodline, pedigree
• sippo (シッポ) - salt (cf. Japanese shio < *sipo 'salt')
• sir (シㇼ) - weather; appearance; status, condition; land, ground; island; mountain; world, realm
  • siretok (シㇼエトㇰ) - the end of the Earth; the Shiretoko Peninsula
    Shiretoko Peninsula
    is located on the easternmost portion of the Japanese island of Hokkaidō, protruding into the Sea of Okhotsk. It is separated from the Kunashir Island of Russia by the Nemuro Strait. The name Shiretoko is derived from the Ainu language word sir etok, meaning the end of the Earth or the place where...
    
    
  • sirka (シㇼカ) - (on) the ground, the surface of the earth; the upper or outer surface (of clothing, etc.)
  • sirkunne (シㇼクンネ) - dusk
  • sirpeker (シㇼペケレ) - dawn
  • sirpirka (シㇼピㇼカ) - clear skies, good weather, to have good weather, the weather is fine
  • sirwen (シㇼウェン) - bad weather, to have bad weather, the weather is bad (e.g. tanto sirwen wa apto as "Today, the weather is bad, and it is raining.")
• sisam (シサㇺ) - Japanese (or assimilated Ainus); (more generally) any foreigner, non-Ainus (cf. Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   /sezam/, /sizm/ "Japanese"; probably originally from Ainu si- "self (reflexive prefix)" + sam "near by, close to; side" or Ainu si- "self (reflexive prefix)" + isam "not to exist, not to be, not to have")
  • hure-sisam (フレシサㇺ) - Russian; (more generally) European (from Ainu hure "red" + sisam "Japanese; foreigner")
• sito (シト) - a dumpling made from rice or millet (cf. Japanese shitogi "ceremonial dumpling," Middle Korean *stek > Modern Korean tteok "Korean rice cake")
• sitoki (シトキ) - glass-bead necklace with a medallion
• siw (シゥ) - bitter
• siwnin (シゥニン) - blue, green, yellow
• siyuk (シユㇰ) - a male bear (also シゥㇰ siwk in some dialects)
• so (ソ) - waterfall, cascade
• sokkar (ソㇰカㇻ) - mat, rug
• sonno (ソンノ) - truly, really; very
• soy (ソィ) - outside (also used as a postposition, e.g. cise-soy "outside of a house," "outside the house")
  • soyta - outside (in the locative case)
  • soyke
• su (ス) - pot, cauldron
  • su'asam (スアサム) - the bottom of a pot
  • su'at (スアッ) - the bail of a pot
  • suni (スニ) - the hook on which the bail of a pot is placed in order to suspend the pot over a fire
  • suputa (スプタ) - a potlid, the lid of a pot
• sum (スㇺ) - oil (as food) (cf. Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   tʰom ~ -r̥om "fat")
  • tarasum (タラスㇺ) - cod liver oil, oil obtained from the liver of Alaska pollock
    Alaska pollock
    Alaska pollock or walleye pollock is a North Pacific species of the cod family Gadidae. While related to the common Atlantic pollock species of the same family, the Alaska pollock is not a member of the same Pollachius genus.The Norwegian pollock , a rare fish of Norwegian waters, may actually be...
    
     (Theragra chalcogramma)
• suma (スマ) - stone
• sumari (シュマリ) - fox
• supuya (スプヤ) - smoke (シプヤ sipuya in some dialects)
• susam (スサㇺ) - shishamo
  Shishamo
  is a saltwater fish about 15 centimeters in length. It is slim and resembles a willow leaf; the Japanese name, shishamo, is derived from the Ainu name for the same fish, susam, which is supposed to be derived from a compound of Ainu susu "willow" + ham "leaf", hence its name in kanji...
  
  
• susu (スス) - willow

T

• takahka (タカッカ) - crab (Sakhalin
  Sakhalin
  Sakhalin or Saghalien, is a large island in the North Pacific, lying between 45°50' and 54°24' N.It is part of Russia, and is Russia's largest island, and is administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast...
  
   Ainu)
• takne (タㇰネ) - to be short
• tamasay
  Tamasay
  A tamasay is a bead necklace worn by Ainu women for special occasions.The necklace is called a shitoki if it has a medallion. They are made with large glass beads the Ainu obtained through trading with Chinese merchants. The Ainu also obtained glass beads secretly made by the Matsumae Clan...
  
  (タマサィ) - beaded necklace worn by women
• tane (タネ) - now (also タネポ tanepo, etc.)
• tanne (タンネ) - to be long
• tap (タプ) - shoulder, arm
  • tapsut (タプスッ) - shoulder
• tek (テㇰ) - hand, arm (explicitly possessed form teke ~ tekihi ~ tekehe)
• tepa (テパ) - loincloth
• tere (テレ) - to wait for
• terke (テレケ) - to run; to jump (also terki in some dialects)
• teyne (テイネ) - (to get) wet, damp
• tomari
  Tomari
  Tomari is a coastal town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the western coast of Sakhalin 167 km north-west of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Population: 5,338 ; 8,121 .-History:The town was founded in 1870...
  
  （トマリ）- Shelter (Tomari city in Aomori)
• tonkori
  Tonkori
  The is a plucked string instrument played by the Ainu people of Hokkaidō, northern Japan and Sakhalin. It is unfretted and has between three and five strings, which are not stopped but instead played "open." The instrument is believed to have been developed in the Karafuto region of Sakhalin.The...
  
  (トンコリ) - traditional Sakhalin
  Sakhalin
  Sakhalin or Saghalien, is a large island in the North Pacific, lying between 45°50' and 54°24' N.It is part of Russia, and is Russia's largest island, and is administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast...
  
   Ainu stringed instrument (cf. Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   tynryn, a traditional stringed instrument of the Nivkhs)
• to (ト) - day
  • tanto (タント) - today
• to (ト) - lake, pond, puddle (cf. Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   tu "lake")
• to (ト) - breast (possessed form トホ toho)
  • tope (トペ) - milk
• topen (トペン) - (to be) sweet
• tom (トム) - to shine, to sparkle, to twinkle
  • tompi (トムピ) - light, brilliance, sparkle, glow
  • tomte (トムテ) - to cause to shine
  • tom tom (トムトム) - sparkling, twinkling, glowing, flashing
  • tonnatara (トンナタラ) - brilliant, resplendent, shining
• top (トプ) - bamboo
• topa (トパ) - flock, herd (usually appears in the explicitly possessed form topaha トパハ "a flock of ~," "a herd of ~")
• toy （トィ） - earth, soil, clay, mud, land; garden (also reduplicated to produce toytoy)
• tu (トゥ)
  • tup (トゥプ) - two things (< *tu pe)
  • tun (トゥン) - two persons (< *tu niu)
• tukar (トゥカラ) - seal
  Pinniped
  Pinnipeds or fin-footed mammals are a widely distributed and diverse group of semiaquatic marine mammals comprising the families Odobenidae , Otariidae , and Phocidae .-Overview: Pinnipeds are typically sleek-bodied and barrel-shaped...
  
   (i.e. a sort of marine Pinniped
  Pinniped
  Pinnipeds or fin-footed mammals are a widely distributed and diverse group of semiaquatic marine mammals comprising the families Odobenidae , Otariidae , and Phocidae .-Overview: Pinnipeds are typically sleek-bodied and barrel-shaped...
  
  ; also tukkar, tukoro, or tokkari in some dialects)
• tuki (トゥキ) - (drinking) glass, [esp.] a saké cup (cf. Japanese 杯 sakazuki "a vessel from which one drinks an alcoholic beverage," from Old Japanese sake ~ saka- "alcoholic beverage" + tuki "drinking vessel")
• tunakay (トゥナカィ) - reindeer
  Reindeer
  The reindeer , also known as the caribou in North America, is a deer from the Arctic and Subarctic, including both resident and migratory populations. While overall widespread and numerous, some of its subspecies are rare and one has already gone extinct.Reindeer vary considerably in color and size...
  
   (borrowed into Japanese as トナカイ tonakai; also cf. Nivkh
  Nivkh language
  Nivkh or Gilyak is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun , along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation...
  
   tlaŋi 'reindeer')
• tunas (トゥナシ) - to be early; to be quick
  • tunasno (トゥナシノ) - quickly, swiftly, nimbly; well, in good health
• tuntu (トゥントゥ) - pillar, column; post, stake
• tur (トゥㇽ) - dirt, grime, filth
  • turtur (トゥㇽトゥㇽ) - dirt, grime, filth
  • tursak (トゥㇽサㇰ) - pure, clean, unsullied
• tura (トゥラ) - to be accompanied by, to bring somebody along, to take with, to be in company with (cf. Japanese tsure- < *ture- "to be accompanied by, to bring smb. along" and obsolete Japanese tsura < *tura "company, associate, colleague; formation (of a flock of flying birds, etc.), line, row, queue")
• tures (トゥレシ) - (a male's) younger sister; (a male's) lover
• tus (トゥシ) - rope
• tus (トゥシ) - (a man's) concubine, (a woman's) fellow wife
• tusa (トゥサ) - to be cured, to heal up, to recover (from an illness)
  • tusare (トゥサレ) - to cure, to heal
• tusir (トゥシリ) - grave, tomb; graveyard, cemetery
• tuye (トゥイェ) - to cut, to cut off
• tuyma (トゥィマ) - to be far, to be distant

U

• uhuy (ウフイ) - to burn
• uk (ウク) - to take, to acquire, to receive, to accept
  • uyna (ウイナ) - [pl.] to take, to receive, to collect
• uku (ウク) - to blow
• umma (ウンマ) - horse (cf. Japanese うま uma "horse")
• una (ウナ), uyna (ウイナ) - ashes
  • unakutausi (ウナクタウシ) - a place where one disposes of ashes
• unarpe (ウナルペ) - aunt; middle-aged woman
• unci (ウンチ) - fire (mainly in Sakhalin dialects)
• upas (ウパㇱ) - snow (also オパㇱ opas in some dialects)
• urar (ウララ) - fog, clouds, mist, vapor
• usis (ウシㇱ) - hoof
• utari (ウタリ) - friend, companion, compatriot; relatives, kin; used by the Ainu to describe themselves, the politically correct
  Politically Correct
  Politically Correct may refer to:*Political correctness, language, ideas, policies, or behaviour seeking to minimize offence to groups of people-See also:*Politically Correct Bedtime Stories, book by James Finn Garner, published in 1994...
  
   term for the Ainu people; a suffix for marking the plural number (also ウタラ utar)

W

• wakka (ワッカ) - water (especially that which is potable or clean) (cf. Wakkaus Kamuy
  Waka-ush Kamui
  Waka-ush Kamuy is the Ainu kamuy of fresh water. She is also known as Petorush Mat .-Mythology:...
  
  , the goddess of fresh water)
• wan (ワン) - ten
  • wanpe (ワンペ) - ten things, ten animals
  • waniw (ワニゥ) - ten persons
• wen (ウェン) - bad; cruel; poor
  • wenkur (ウェンクㇽ) - a pauper, a poor person
  • wenno (ウェンノ) - poorly, badly, in a cruel way
  • wenpe (ウェンペ) - a bad one; a bad thing; a bad person, an evil person, a villain
  • wenpekur (ウェンペクㇽ) - a bad person, an evil person, a villain

Y

• ya (ヤ) - net
• ya (ヤ) - land (as opposed to sea, river, etc.), shore, (river)bank
• ye (イェ) - to say
  • ayep (アイェプ) - that which is called ~, that which is said to be ~
• yuk (ユク) - deer
• yam (ヤム) - to be cold (to the touch)
• yam (ヤム) - chestnut
• yup (ユプ) - older brother (explicitly possessed form yupi or yupihi)
  • yupo (ユポ) - older brother (dialectal variants include yuppo and yuhpo; probably from an earlier */yup-po/ < /yup/ "older brother" + /po/ "small; diminutive suffix")
• yukar
  Yukar
  are Ainu sagas that form a long rich tradition of oral literature. In older periods the epics were performed by both men and women; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when Ainu culture was in decline, women were generally the most skillful performers....
  
  (ユーカㇻ) - traditional Ainu sagas

See also