List of Dacian words
Encyclopedia
This is a list of Romanian words believed by some scholars to be of Dacian
origin and thus belonging to the Eastern Romance substratum
. The list does not include the Dacian plant names, collected by Dioscorides
and Pseudo-Apuleius
.
The Sources column indicates the linguist(s) or the works who suggested including the words in the list:
The Notes column contains information found in various dictionaries. "Not in current use" indicates words not found in dictionaries of contemporary Romanian.
Dacian language
The extinct Dacian language may have developed from proto-Indo-European in the Carpathian region around 2,500 BC and probably died out by AD 600. In the 1st century AD, it was the predominant language of the ancient regions of Dacia and Moesia and, possibly, of some surrounding regions.It belonged...
origin and thus belonging to the Eastern Romance substratum
Eastern Romance substratum
The Eastern Romance languages developed from the Proto-Romanian language, which in turn developed from the Vulgar Latin spoken in a region of the Balkans which has not yet been exactly determined, but is generally agreed to have been a region north of the Jireček Line.That there was...
. The list does not include the Dacian plant names, collected by Dioscorides
Pedanius Dioscorides
Pedanius Dioscorides was a Greek physician, pharmacologist and botanist, the author of a 5-volume encyclopedia about herbal medicine and related medicinal substances , that was widely read for more than 1,500 years.-Life:...
and Pseudo-Apuleius
Pseudo-Apuleius
Pseudo-Apuleius refers to the author of a Herbarium or De herbarum virtutibus, also referred as Herbarium Apuleii Platonici; it is a medical herbal of the 5th century....
.
The Sources column indicates the linguist(s) or the works who suggested including the words in the list:
- "Hasdeu": Bogdan Petriceicu HasdeuBogdan Petriceicu HasdeuBogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu was a Romanian writer and philologist, who pioneered many branches of Romanian philology and history. Hasdeu is considered to have been able to understand 26 languages .-Life:...
, Etymologicum Magnum Romaniae. - "Russu": Ion I. Russu, Limba traco-dacilor, published in 1967 at Editura Ştiințifică. The words that have been identified by I. I. Russu to have cognates in AlbanianAlbanian languageAlbanian is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 7.6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, southern Serbia and northwestern Greece...
are marked with (Alb.). - "Vraciu": Ariton Vraciu, Limba daco-geților, published in 1980 at Editura Facla, Timişoara.
- "NODEX": Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române (The New Dictionary of the Romanian Language), Litera Internațional Publishing House, 2002. In this dictionary substratum words are labeled cuvînt autohton (native word).
- "Olteanu": Sorin Olteanu, "The TDM Palatal".
- "Ciorănescu": Alexandru Ciorănescu, "Dicționarul etimologic român" published by Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, 1958–1966
The Notes column contains information found in various dictionaries. "Not in current use" indicates words not found in dictionaries of contemporary Romanian.
Word / Name | English | Sources | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
abeș | ? | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Not in current use. Dacian: *abhesya. |
Abrud | Abrud Abrud Abrud is a town in the north-western part of Alba County, Transylvania, Romania, located on the river Abrud. It administers three villages: Abrud-Sat, Gura Cornei and Soharu.-Population:... |
Hasdeu | Place name in Romania. |
abur | steam, vapour | Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu | Cf. Albanian avull (steam). Dacian: *abhula. PIE: *h2ep-h3ṇ-lo- |
acăța | to hang, to catch | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *accaptiāre (to catch) It is difficult to explain the phonetic (pt>t) that gave this derivation from Latin *accaptiāre. The current Romanian form is agăța,acăța that comes from the same mentioned Latin word. Acăț name of acacia tree used in Ardeal region. |
adămană | Vraciu | Not in current use. | |
ademeni | to tempt, to lure | Hasdeu | Cf. Hungarian adomány (gift, grant). |
adia | to breeze gently | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *adiliare. Current form: adia. |
aghiuță | devil | Hasdeu | Cf. Greek άγιος ágios (saint). |
aidoma | alike, identical | Hasdeu | Alternative etymology: from Slavic vidomŭ (visible). |
alac | Einkorn wheat Einkorn wheat thumbnail|150px|left|Wild einkorn, Karadag, central TurkeyEinkorn wheat can refer either to the wild species of wheat, Triticum boeoticum , or to the domesticated form, Triticum monococcum... (Triticum monococcum) |
Hasdeu | Cf. Hungarian alakor (possibly from Romanian). Alternative etymology: Latin alica (spelt) Other possible origins: Albanian akuë or Albanian lakër (greenery) of Greek origin. |
ală | a monster that unleashes storms | Hasdeu | Alternative form: hală; alternative etymology: Bulgarian, Slavic (h)ala |
aldea | ? | Hasdeu | |
ameți | to make/get dizzy | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *ammatteāre (to bludgeon) or *ammitĕre. |
amurg | twilight, dusk | Russu | See murg below. |
anina | to hang, to hook | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *annināre (to swing) or *allevinare. |
aprig | fiery, hot-blooded | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin aprīcus (warm) or *apricus from aper (wild boar). |
argea | loom (or particular boards of a loom) | Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu | |
Argeș | Argeș | Hasdeu | Place name, river name. |
arunca | to throw, to cast | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin eruncare (to weed out). |
azugă | ? | Hasdeu | Not in current use (see also Azuga Azuga Azuga is a small resort town nestled in the mountains of Prahova county in the Wallachian region of Romania. Azuga is located at the foot of the Bucegi mountains, and contains the longest ski run in Romania, the Sorica - together with other ski slopes... , a town in the Prahova County Prahova County Prahova is a county of Romania, in the historical region Muntenia, with the capital city at Ploieşti.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 829,945 and the population density was 176/km². It is Romania's most populated county, having a population density double than the country's mean... ) |
baci | (chief) shepherd | Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu | Cf. Hungarian bácsi (uncle). Compare Bulgarian бачо (bacho/bacio). Also Cf. Albanian bacë (father). This word can not be explained by the mentioned languages. Since it is found in all Slavic languages surrounding Romania, it could indicate a Romanian origin, since only Romanian was directly linked to all of them |
baier, baieră | rope, belt; coin necklace; talisman; bail (handle) | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin baiulus (a porter). |
baligă | dung, manure | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian bajgë (same meaning). |
baltă | pool, puddle | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian baltë (mud, soil) and Serbian blato (mud). |
bară | marsh | Hasdeu | Alternative etymology: Serbian bara (?) |
Barbă-cot | "Cot" (lit: elbow) represented a unit for measuring length, equal to the length of the average fore-arm; "Barbă" = beard. "Barbă-cot" = dwarf-like fairy-tale character sporting a disproportionately long beard | Hasdeu | |
barză | stork (Ciconia ciconia) | Hasdeu, Russu, Vraciu, Olteanu | Cf. Albanian barth, feminine bardhë (white). |
bască | beret | Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.) | |
batal | wether (castrated ram Domestic sheep Sheep are quadrupedal, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock. Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the order Artiodactyla, the even-toed ungulates. Although the name "sheep" applies to many species in the genus Ovis, in everyday usage it almost always refers to Ovis aries... ) |
Hasdeu | Alternative etymology: Turkish battal (useless) from Arabic batal (to mutilate), which also gave Spanish baldar (cripple). Also Cf. Albanian batal and Bulgarian батал (useless). |
bălaur balaur |
dragon, monster | Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu | Cf. Albanian bollë (snake) and Serbian blavor (slowworm). |
băga | to insert, to thrust | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *bīgāre, from bis (twice) + *iuga. |
băiat | boy | Russu | |
bălan | blond (person), white-haired (animal) | Hasdeu | Ennodius and Procopius Procopius Procopius of Caesarea was a prominent Byzantine scholar from Palestine. Accompanying the general Belisarius in the wars of the Emperor Justinian I, he became the principal historian of the 6th century, writing the Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History... both seem to have absorbed the word balan ‘ a piebald horse’ from north of Danube. Alternative etymology: Gothic bala with borrowed forms in Balkan languages (given by Loewe) and in Romance languages (given by Suchier) Slavic bĕlŭ (white) |
beregată | throat, larynx | Russu | Cf. Serbian berikat (?). Alternative etymology: Latin *verucata, from *veruca. |
bîr | Sheep (Not in current use), Preserved as interjection, a call for the sheep to come | Vraciu | Albanian berr ‘a sheep’. An archaic word, PIE origin cf. Czech beran ‘ram’, Polish, Ukrainian and Russian baran, dial. Italian bero ‘ram’, dial. French berri ‘ram’, Basque barra, Latin berbex. The Romanian form cannot be borrowed. See also oiţă bîrsană ‘a specific sheep with long and soft fleece’ |
bîrsă | a piece of wood or iron that binds together the coulter, the share Ploughshare A ploughshare or plowshare is a component of a plough or plow.Ploughshare or Plowshare may also refer to:* Operation Plowshare, United States project to use nuclear explosives for civilian purposes* vomer, facial bone in the human skull... and mouldboard of a plough Plough The plough or plow is a tool used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting. It has been a basic instrument for most of recorded history, and represents one of the major advances in agriculture... (the plough Plough The plough or plow is a tool used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting. It has been a basic instrument for most of recorded history, and represents one of the major advances in agriculture... beam?) |
NODEX | Cf. Albanian vërz (plane (tool) Plane (tool) A hand plane is a tool for shaping wood. When powered by electricity, the tool may be called a planer. Planes are used to flatten, reduce the thickness of, and impart a smooth surface to a rough piece of lumber or timber. Planing is used to produce horizontal, vertical, or inclined flat surfaces on... ?), Slovenian brdce (piece of wood holding a trawl), and Moravian Czech language Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide. The language was known as Bohemian in English until the late 19th century... brdce (piece of wood across the main shaft of a carriage). |
boare | breeze | Russu | Albanian: borë (snow); Alternative etymology: Latin boreas (the north wind). |
bordei | (buried or half-buried) hut | Hasdeu, Russu | |
bortă | hole, hollow, archway | Hasdeu | Cf. Ukrainian bort. |
brad (archaic form *bradzŭ) |
fir (any tree of genus Abies) | Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Olteanu | Cf. Albanian bradh or bredh (same meaning). |
brîndușă | crocus, primula (Crocus heuffelianus and other similar flowers) | Russu | Cf. Bulgarian brenduška and Serbian brnduša. |
brînză | cheese | Hasdeu, Russu, Vraciu | It spawned German German language German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union.... :de:Brinsenkäse, Slavic :ru:брынза, and bryndza Bryndza Bryndza is a sheep milk cheese made in Central and Eastern Europe. Recipes differ slightly across the countries.-Etymology:Brânză or brînză is the generic word for "cheese" in Romanian, there is no special type of cheese associated with it... in Slovak Slovak language Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people... and Polish Polish language Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries... |
brîu | belt, waist | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian bres or brezi |
brusture | bur (large-leafed plant, Lappa) | Russu (Alb.) | |
bucura (verb) bucuros (adj.) |
(to be) glad, to enjoy | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian zbukuroj (beautify) bukurosh (handsome). |
buiestru | pace (a horse gait Horse gait Horse gaits are the various ways in which a horse can move, either naturally or as a result of specialized training by humans.-Classification:... ) |
Russu | |
bunget | thick and dark forest | Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu | Cf. Albanian bunk. |
burghiu | drilling bit | Hasdeu | Alternative etymology: Turkish burgu (gimlet, corkscrew), Serbo-Croatian burgija |
burlan | spout, water pipe | Russu | Cf. Turkish burgu (pipe, trumpet). |
burtă | belly, stomach | Russu | Cf. Albanian barku (same meaning). |
burtucă | ? | Hasdeu | Not in current use. |
burtuș | ? | Hasdeu | Not in current use. |
butuc | log, stump | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *bottum (blunt and snout), Cuman Cuman language Cuman was a Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans and Kipchaks; the language was similar to the today's Crimean Tatar language... butak (branch), or Turkish buduk (short-legged). Cf. Hungarian butuk. |
butură | log, stump | Russu | Probably a similar etymology with butuc. |
buză | lip | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian buzë (same meaning). Similar in Bulgarian but the meaning is shfited into cheek. |
caier | tuft of wool, etc. to be spun | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *caiulus. |
cață | long stick ending with a hook, used by shepherds | Russu | See acăța above. Cf. Albanian cita (weaving sticks) |
căciulă | brimless hat | Russu (Alb.) | Albanian kësul'ë (same meaning). Similar in Bulgarian, meaning hood. |
căpușă | tick Tick Ticks are small arachnids in the order Ixodida, along with mites, constitute the subclass Acarina. Ticks are ectoparasites , living by hematophagy on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians... |
Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian këpushë (same meaning). |
căpută | upper side of a foot; footwear covering it | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian këpucë (shoe) or këputë (sole of a foot); Alternative etymology: Slavic kopyto > Romanian copită (hoof), Slavic kopytĭce, Hungarian kapta (last Last A last is a form in the approximate shape of a human foot, used by shoemakers and cordwainers in the manufacture and repair of shoes. Lasts typically come in pairs, and throughout their history have been made from many materials, including hardwoods, cast iron, and, more recently, high density... ) |
cătun | hamlet | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian katund (village), Serbian katun (summer pasture). |
cioară | crow | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Cf. Albanian sorrë (same meaning). |
cioban | shepherd | Hasdeu | Cf. Turkish çoban (same meaning). |
cioc | beak | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Cf. Albanian çok (hammer, knuckle). Compare with the Bulgarian word човка (chovka/ciovca) with the same meaning (bill, beak). |
ciocîrlie | skylark | Hasdeu | Derived from cioc, see above. |
ciomag | club, cudgel | Hasdeu | Cf. Turkish çomak (same meaning), Cf. Albanian çomage (big hammer) |
cîrlan | sheep or goat weanling; colt, foal | Russu | |
cîrlig | hook | Russu | Cf. Bulgarian кърлик kărlik (?). |
codru | wide old forest | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Alternative etymology: Latin *quodrum (from quadrum (a square), Cf. Albanian koder (hill) |
copac | tree | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian kopaçe (big piece of wood). |
copil | child | Russu | Cf. Albanian kopil (bastard), Serbian and Bulgarian kopile (bastard). |
creț | curly; curly haired | Russu | |
cruța | to pardon, to spare | Russu (Alb.) | |
cujbă | Y-shaped piece of wood used to hold the kettle over the fire | Hasdeu | |
culbec | snail | Hasdeu | Variant: cubelc. |
curma | to tighten (a rope); to cut, stop | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian kurmue. |
curpăn | vine, twining stem | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian kurpen (?). |
cursă | trap, snare | Russu (Alb.), Olteanu | Cf. Albanian kurth (same meaning). |
custură | blade, knife edge, knife | Russu | Possible etymology: Romanian cuţit (knife) + the suffix tură |
darari | ? | Russu | Not in current use. |
daș | ram | Russu (Alb.) | Albanian: dash (same meaning). |
dărîma | to demolish, to knock down | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian: dërrmoj (same meaning) Alternative etymology: Latin *deramare. |
deh | ? | Hasdeu | Not in current use. |
deretica | to tidy up | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *deradicare (to root out). |
descăța | to unhook | Russu | des-căța |
descurca | to disentangle | Russu | Antonym of încurca, see below. |
desghina | to divide, to separate | Russu | current: dezbina |
dezbăra | to break from a bad habit, to rid | Russu | |
dezgauc | ? | Hasdeu | |
doină | Romanian lyrical folk song | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Cf. Latvian and Lithuanian daina Daina (disambiguation) Daina may refer to:*Daina , Latvian folksong*Daina , Lithuanian folksong*Daina , Lithuanian cultural organization that functioned in... (song, traditional form of Baltic music and poetry). |
don | ? | Hasdeu | |
dop | cork, plug | Russu | Cf. Saxon Transylvanian Saxons The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania from the 12th century onwards.The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Géza II of Hungary . For decades, the main task of the German settlers was to defend the southeastern border of the... dop. |
droaie | crowd, large number (of people or animals) | Russu | Cf. Albanian droe or droje (shyness from the crowd ). |
dulău | mastiff | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Alternative etymology: Polish dolow or dolaw. |
fărîmă | crumb, fragment | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian thërrime (same meaning). |
gard | fence | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian gardh (same meaning) and old Slavic gradŭ. |
gata | ready, done | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian gati (same meaning). |
gălbează | fascioliasis Fascioliasis Fasciolosis also known as Fascioliasis, Fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot, is an important helminth disease caused by two trematodes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. This disease belongs to the plant-borne trematode zoonoses. In Europe, the Americas and Oceania only F... |
Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian gëlbazë, këlbazë (phlegm). |
genune | abyss | Hasdeu, Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *gyro. |
gheară | claw, talon | Russu | Alternative etymology: 1. Latin *ungularis (claw, talon) → *înghiare → în ghiare (in [its] claws); 2. Romanian unghioară (small fingernail) → înghiară. Cf. Albanian dorë (arm, clutches, fist, flipper, hand, handful, mitt, palm, quality), darë (nippers, pincers, pinchers), çjerr (clapperclaw, lacerate, scratch, tear up), grric or gervish (scratch) |
ghes | a poke, a goad | Russu | |
ghimpe | thorn | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian gjëmp, gjemb (same meaning). |
ghiob | cheese barrel | Hasdeu | Cf. Hungarian döböny (?). |
ghionoaie | woodpecker | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian gjon (night bird). |
ghiont | a nudge, a poke | Russu | |
ghiuj | old, decrepit man | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Cf. Albanian gjysh (grandfather). |
gîde | executioner | Hasdeu | |
gîdel | ? | Hasdeu | |
gordin | Romanian kind of grapes used in winemaking | Hasdeu | |
gorun | Sessile oak Sessile Oak Quercus petraea , the Sessile Oak, also known as the Durmast Oak, is a species of oak native to most of Europe, and into Anatolia.-Description:... (Quercus petraea) |
Russu | Alternative etymology: Bulgarian горун gorun (same meaning). |
grapă | harrow Harrow (tool) In agriculture, a harrow is an implement for breaking up and smoothing out the surface of the soil. In this way it is distinct in its effect from the plough, which is used for deeper tillage. Harrowing is often carried out on fields to follow the rough finish left by ploughing operations... |
Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian grep, gërepë (fishing rod, [its] hook). |
gresie | sandstone, whetstone | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian gëresë (?). |
groapă | hole, pit | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian gropë (same meaning). |
grui | hilltop, hillock | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *grunnium |
grumaz | neck | Russu (Alb.), NODEX | Cf. Albanian gurmaz or gërmaz (throat). |
grunz | a lump of stiff but brittle substance, such as a block of salt | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian grundë (?). |
gudura | to fawn | Russu | Cf. Albanian gudulis (to tickle); cf. Romanian gâdila (to tickle), cf. Bulgarian гъделичкам (gădelichkam), гъдел ме е (gădel me e) (to tickle) |
gușă | a bird's crop Crop (anatomy) A crop is a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary tract used for the storage of food prior to digestion that is found in many animals, including gastropods, earthworms, leeches, insects, birds, and even some dinosaurs.- Bees :Cropping is used by bees to temporarily store nectar of flowers... ; double chin, goiter |
Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian gushë (same meaning, plus Adam's apple), Serbian guša (throat), Bulgarian. Alternative etymology: Latin *geusiae. |
hojma | repeatedly, continuously | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Alternative etymology: Ukrainian hožma. |
iazmă | ugly and evil apparition, ghost | Hasdeu | |
iele | mythological characters (white-clad beautiful girls, bewitching men with their song and dance) | Hasdeu | Euphemism of Romanian word dînsele 'goast', 'soul of the dead' (Latin lemures) See also Cf. Serbian vile (nymphs), Slavic mythology. Alternative etymology: from Romanian ele (feminine form of they). |
încurca | to entangle, to mix up | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *incolicare (from colus = distaff). |
înghina | to assemble, to put together | Russu | Cf. Romanian îmbina. |
îngurzi | to wrinkle the edge of a fabric or the sole of a shoe with a thread | Russu | |
înseila | to stitch, to sew temporarily | Russu | Currently preferred form: însăila; alternative etymology: Turkish say (saw or a delicate kind of serge, or woolen cloth). Cf. Serbian šiti (to sew) |
întrema | to recover after illness or fatigue | Russu | |
jilț, jielț | tall-backed (arm)chair | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Etymology given for current form jeţ: German Sitz. |
leagăn | cradle, swing | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *liginare from ligare (to tie/bind). |
lepăda | to drop; to take off (clothes) | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin lapidare (to throw stones). Cf. Serbian pada, opada (to drop, to fall). |
lespede | stone slab | Russu | |
leșina | to faint | Russu | From Serbian lešina (carcass) |
mal | shore | Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu | Cf. Albanian mal (mountain). I- I "mare" II greath II DEX II (Alb.) "madhe" |
maldac | a small load (of wood, hay, etc.) | Hasdeu | Alternative etymology: Greek mandakis. |
mazăre | pea Pea A pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit Pisum sativum. Each pod contains several peas. Peapods are botanically a fruit, since they contain seeds developed from the ovary of a flower. However, peas are considered to be a vegetable in cooking... (Pisum sativum) |
Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu, Olteanu | Cf. Albanian modhë and modhullë. |
măceș | sweetbrier Sweetbrier Rosa rubiginosa is a species of rose native to Europe and western Asia.... (Rosa eglanteria) |
Russu | |
mădări | to pamper, to spoil (a child) | Russu | |
măgură | hill, knoll | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian magulë (same meaning). |
mălai | millet flour | Hasdeu | After millet was largely replaced by corn, the word changed its meaning into corn flour. |
mămăligă | cornmeal mush (mămăligă Mamaliga Mămăligă is a porridge made out of yellow maize flour, traditional in Romania and Moldova. It is similar to the Italian polenta.In Transylvania and in Carpathia mămăligă is also called puliszka... ) |
Hasdeu | Albanian mëmeligë (same meaning) |
mărcat | ? | Russu | Not in current use. |
mătură | broom | Russu (Alb.) | Alternative etymology: Latin matta 'mat' that gave in Italian dialects the followings: "mattore" 'besom' in Lucania, "mattele" 'bundle' in Abruzzo. See also Catalan and Spanish "mata" Serbian metla (broom) |
Mehadia | Mehadia Mehadia Mehadia is a small market town and commune in Caraş-Severin County, Romania. It lies on the European route E70, in the Cerna River valley. The town is located on the site of the ancient Roman colony Ad Mediam and was noted for its Hercules baths. It had a population of 2,492 in 1900, and of 4,474... |
Hasdeu | |
melc | snail | Hasdeu, Russu, Vraciu | |
mieru | bluish | Russu | |
mire | bridegroom | Hasdeu, Russu, Vraciu | Cf. Albanian mirë (good). |
mistreț | wild boar | Russu | Albanian: mistrec (mischievous person). Alternative etymology: Latin *mixticius. |
mișca | to move, to stir | Russu | |
mînz | foal, colt | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian mëz (same meaning). It is agreed that the Thracian inscription ΜΕΖΗΝΑΙ (mezēnai, in Greek alphabet) on the Duvanli gold ring means horseman. The PIE root *mend(i)- is thought to mean horse. |
morman | pile, heap | Russu | |
mosoc | large shepherd dog | Hasdeu | |
moș | old man | Russu (Alb.) | Probably a backformation from moașă (midwife); cf. Albanian moshë (age). |
moț | tuft, crest | Hasdeu | |
mugure | bud | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian mugull (gemma Gemma (botany) A gemma is a single cell, or a mass of cells, or a modified bud of tissue, that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual. This type of asexual reproduction is referred to as fragmentation. It is a means of asexual propagation in plants... ). |
munună | hilltop | Russu | |
murg | dark brown (animal, horse) | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian murg (monk?). |
mușat | handsome | Russu | |
năpîrcă | limbless lizard (Anguis fragilis Anguis fragilis Anguis fragilis, or slow worm, slow-worm or slowworm, is a limbless reptile native to Eurasia. It is also sometimes referred to as the blindworm or blind worm, though the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds considers this to be incorrect.Slow worms are semi-fossorial lizards spending much... ); viper Viperidae The Viperidae are a family of venomous snakes found all over the world, except in Antarctica, Australia, Ireland, Madagascar, Hawaii, various other isolated islands, and above the Arctic Circle. All have relatively long, hinged fangs that permit deep penetration and injection of venom. Four... |
Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian nepërkë, nëpërkë (viper). |
năsărîmbă | prank, mischief | Hasdeu | |
nițel | a little | Russu | |
noian | multitude, heap | Russu | |
ortoman | rich (of a shepherd); handsome (of an outlaw); quick (of a horse) | Hasdeu | |
păstaie | pod, capsule, hull | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian pistaë, bishtajë (beans). |
păstra | to keep | Russu | Alternative etymology: Bulgarian pastrja (?).Yet, Bulgarian "pastrja" seems to come from Romanian |
pînză | cloth, linen, fabric | Russu | |
pîrîu | brook, creek | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian përrua (creek, stream); also might be related to Romanian rîu (river, stream) from Latin rivus (stream). |
prunc | small child | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin *puerunculus (small child). |
pururea | always, ever | Russu (Alb.) | Alternative etymology: Latin purus (pure, also absolute). |
rață | duck | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Cf. Albanian rosë (same meaning) and Serbian raca (?). |
ravac | any of several kinds of wine or must Must Must is freshly pressed fruit juice that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. The solid portion of the must is called pomace; it typically makes up 7%–23% of the total weight of the must. Making must is the first step in winemaking... |
Hasdeu | Alternative etymology: Turkish ravak (?). |
răbda | to bide, bear, endure | Russu | |
reazem | support, backing, prop | Russu | |
ridica | to raise, lift | Russu | Alternative etymology: Latin eradicare (to uproot). |
rîmfă | ? | Hasdeu | Not in current use. |
rînză | gizzard; any of several stomach diseases | Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu | Cf. Albanian rrëndës (rennet). |
sarbăd (today searbăd) |
insipid | Russu (Alb.), Olteanu | Cf. Albanian tharbët (acrid). Alternative etymology: Latin exalbidus (white). |
Sarmisegetuza | Sarmizegetusa Sarmizegetusa Sarmizegetusa Regia was the capital and the most important military, religious and political center of Dacians... |
Hasdeu | |
scăpăra | to strike a flintstone (to start a fire) | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian sqepar (small axe for cutting meat) |
scrum | ashes | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian shkrum, shkrumb (same meaning). Bulgarian скрум. |
scula | to get up, to wake | Russu (Alb.) | Albanian shkul (uproot) Alternative etymology: *excubulare (to get up, wake). |
scurma | to scrape or dig (with snout, claws, beak, tools) | Russu | Alternative etymology: *excorrimare (?). |
sîmbure | pit (fruit kernel) | Russu (Alb.), NODEX, Olteanu | Cf. Albanian sumbull or thumbull (?). |
sîmvea | (?) | Hasdeu | |
spînz | hellebore Hellebore Commonly known as hellebores, members of the genus Helleborus comprise approximately 20 species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, within which it gave its name to the tribe of Helleboreae... |
Russu (Alb.) | Alternative etymology: 1) Cf. Armenian osindr (absinth) < ancient ospindr, derived from a root spind ‘glow, burn’ 2) Slavic spreji (?). |
stăpîn | master, owner | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Alternative etymology: Slavic stopanŭ (same meaning) It seems that the Slavic word had been borrowed either from Albanian or from Romanian |
strănut, strenut, stărnut | with a white spot on nose (about animals) | Russu | |
stejar | oak | Hasdeu, Vraciu | Alternative etymology: Old Slavonic stežerŭ "stick" cf. Bulgarian stožar 'stick, wood', Sb., Cr. stežer "trunk" (> steajer) stožer "spindle tree" Bulgarian стежер (stejer) (?). |
steregie | icicle-shaped soot concretion in chimneys | Russu | |
sterp | sterile, infertile | Russu (Alb.) | Albanian: shterp (same meaning). |
stînă | sheep fold | Hasdeu, Vraciu, NODEX | |
străghiată | storm | Russu | Cf. Albanian shtrëngatë (same meaning). |
strepede | larva living in foodstuff (Piophila casei) | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian shtrep (cheese-worm). |
strugure | grape | Russu, NODEX | |
strungă | place for milking sheep; narrow passage, canyon | Russu (Alb.), NODEX | Cf. Albanian shtrungë (sheep-pen; passage). |
sugruma | to strangle, to burke | Russu | From sub (under) and grumaz (throat, see above). |
sugușa | to strangle, to burke | Russu | From sub (under) and guşă (goiter, see above). |
șale | hips | Russu (Alb.) | Cf Albanian shale (thigh), Alternative etymology: Latin sella (seat). |
șiră | spine | Hasdeu, Russu | |
șopîrlă | lizard | Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu | |
șoric | pig skin | Russu | |
șut | hornless | Russu (Alb.) | Albanian: shyt (same meaning) |
tare | hard | Russu | |
traistă | bag | Hasdeu | Albanian trastë, trajstë (same meaning), cf. Romanian synonym straiţă and Albanian strajcë |
tulei | (young) whiskers | Hasdeu | |
țap | he-goat | Russu (Alb.) | Albanian: cjap (ibex, billy-goat) |
țarc | pen, fold (fenced enclosure for animals) | Russu (Alb.), Olteanu | Cf. Albanian cark or thark (enclosure for animals). |
țarină | country | Russu | |
țăruș | pole, pale, picket | Russu | |
țîmburuș (today țumburuș) |
a small, usually round, protrusion on a surface, nub | Olteanu | Cf. Albanian thumbullë (pin; small nail) and cf. Romanian sâmbure. |
țundră | . | Hasdeu | |
țurcă | traditional Romanian game | Hasdeu | |
(a se/ a) uita | respectively: to look, to forget | Russu | Altern. etym. Latin *oblitare (to forget). |
undrea | sewing needle | Russu | current form: andrea |
urca | climb | Russu | |
urcior | eyesore | Russu | Altern. etym. hordeolus (eyesore). |
urdă | cottage cheese | Hasdeu, Russu, Vraciu | |
urdina | . | Russu | Altern. etym. Latin ordinare (to set in order). |
urdoare | Gelatinous ocular secretion | Russu | Altern. etym. Latin *horridor (rough, horrible). |
vatră | hearth, home, fireplace | Hasdeu, Russu (Alb). | Albanian vatre (fireplace) (Vraciu), Serbian vatra (fire) |
vătăma | to hurt, to injure | Russu | Altern. etym. Latin victimare (to sacrifice). |
vătui | one year old kid (goat & doe); hare | Russu (Alb.) | Latin vitellus (a little calf). |
viezure (archaic form viedzure) |
badger | Russu (Alb.), Olteanu | Cf. Albanian vjedhullë (the thief, from the verb vjeth, to steal). |
viscol | blizzard | Russu | |
zară | buttermilk | Russu | Albanian dhallë (same meaning), cf. Romanian zăr, zer below |
zăr (today zer) |
whey | Russu, Olteanu | Cf. Albanian dhallë (sour milk, diluted yogurt). |
zburda | jump around, prance, frolic | Russu | |
zestre | wedding gift, or wealth | Russu. | Altern. etym. 1) Latin dextrae 2) Bulgarian зестра (zestra) that comes from Romanian |
zgardă | collar | Russu (Alb.) | Cf. Albanian shkardhë (leash) |
zgîria | scratch | Russu (Alb.?) | Altern. etym. Latin *scaberare < scaber (itchy) |
zgîrma | scratch (searching for something) | Russu | cf. Romanian scurma above |
zîmbru, zâmbru | a coniferous tree, Pinus cembra | Hasdeu, Vraciu | (zimbru is a different word, meaning bufalo, i.e., Bison bonasus) |
zîrnă, zârnă | black nightshade (Solanum nigrum Solanum nigrum Solanum nigrum is a species in the Solanum genus, native to Eurasia and introduced in the Americas, Australasia and South Africa.-Description:Black... ) |
Hasdeu | Altern. etym. Old Slavic zrŭnograin' |
See also
- List of Dacian plant names
- List of Dacian names
- Dacian languageDacian languageThe extinct Dacian language may have developed from proto-Indo-European in the Carpathian region around 2,500 BC and probably died out by AD 600. In the 1st century AD, it was the predominant language of the ancient regions of Dacia and Moesia and, possibly, of some surrounding regions.It belonged...
- Thracian languageThracian languageThe Thracian language was the Indo-European language spoken in ancient times in Southeastern Europe by the Thracians, the northern neighbors of the Ancient Greeks. The Thracian language exhibits satemization: it either belonged to the Satem group of Indo-European languages or it was strongly...
- Thraco-IllyrianThraco-IllyrianThraco-Illyrian refers to a hypothesis that the Thraco-Dacian and Illyrian languages comprise a distinct branch of Indo-European. Thraco-Illyrian is also used as a term merely implying a Thracian-Illyrian interference, mixture or sprachbund, or as a shorthand way of saying that it is not...
- Origin of the Albanians