List of Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of Emperors
of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty
.
See also: Yuan Dynasty family tree
Emperor of China
The Emperor of China refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning between the founding of Qin Dynasty of China, united by the King of Qin in 221 BCE, and the fall of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China in 1916. When referred to as the Son of Heaven , a title that predates the Qin unification, the...
of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
.
See also: Yuan Dynasty family tree
| Temple names | Posthumous names | Khan Names | Given names | Period of Reigns | Era name Chinese era name A Chinese era name is the regnal year, reign period, or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Chinese rulers . Some emperors have several era names, one after another, where each beginning of a new era resets the numbering of the year back... s and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: use first name (e.g. Temüjin) or Khan names for khans before Kublai Khan. Use "Yuan" + temple name or posthumous name after. A mix of the three for Kublai Khan. | |||||
| Note: 1) The Mongol Great Khans before Khubilai were only declared Yuan emperors after the creation of Yuan dynasty in 1271 2) To non-Chinese readers, usually the khan names are the most familiar names. 3) Timur or Temür means the same Mongolian words but Temür will be used for avoiding confusion with Timur the lame Timur Timur , historically known as Tamerlane in English , was a 14th-century conqueror of West, South and Central Asia, and the founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, and great-great-grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived as the Mughal Empire in India until... , or Tamerlane. |
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| Taizu (太祖 Tàizǔ) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Genghis Khan Genghis Khan Genghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.... |
Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Temüjin (孛兒只斤鐵木真 Bóérzhījīn Tiěmùzhēn) |
1206–1227 | did not exist |
| Ruizong (睿宗 Ruìzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Tolui Tolui Tolui, was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun Börte... |
Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Tolui (孛兒只斤拖雷 BóérzhījīnTuōléi) |
1227–1229 | did not exist |
| Taizong (太宗 Tàizōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Ögedei Khan Ögedei Khan Ögedei Khan, born Ögedei was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father... |
Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Ögedei (孛兒只斤窩闊台 Bóérzhījīn Wōkuòtái) |
1229–1241 | did not exist |
| Dingzong (定宗 Dìngzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Güyük Khan Güyük Khan Güyük was the third Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. As the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan, he reigned from 1246 to 1248... |
Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Güyük (孛兒只斤貴由 Bóérzhījīn Guìyuó) |
1246–1248 | did not exist |
| Xianzong (憲宗 Xiànzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Möngke Khan Möngke Khan Möngke Khan , born Möngke, , was the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from July 1, 1251 – August 11, 1259. He was the first Great Khan from the Toluid line, and made significant reforms to improve the administration of the Empire during his reign... |
Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Möngke (孛兒只斤蒙哥 Bóérzhījīn Ménggē) |
1251–1259 | did not exist |
| Shizu (世祖 Shìzǔ) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Kublai Khan Kublai Khan Kublai Khan , born Kublai and also known by the temple name Shizu , was the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1260 to 1294 and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China... |
Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Kublai (孛兒只斤忽必烈 Bóérzhījīn Hūbìliè) |
1260–1294 | Zhongtong (中統 Zhōngtǒng) 1260–1264 Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1264–1294 |
| Chengzong Emperor Chengzong of Yuan China Temür Öljeytü Khan , born Temür , or Emperor Chengzong of Yuan , also spelled Timur, was the second leader of the Yuan Dynasty between May 10, 1294 and February 10, 1307, and is considered as the sixth Great Khan of the Mongols in Mongolia... (成宗 Chéngzōng) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Temür Öljeytü Khân | Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Temür (孛兒只斤鐵木耳 Bóérzhījīn Tiěmù'ěr) |
1294–1307 | Yuanzhen (元貞 Yuánzhēn) 1295–1297 Dade (大德 Dàdé) 1297–1307 |
| Wuzong (武宗 Wǔzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Qayisan Külüg | Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Qayshan (孛兒只斤海山 Bóérzhījīn Hǎishān) |
1307–1311 | Zhida (至大 Zhìdà) 1308–1311 |
| Renzong Emperor Renzong of Yuan China Buyantu Khan , also known as Emperor Renzong of Yuan , born Ayurbarwada, was the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and is regarded as the eighth Great Khan of the Mongols in Mongolia.... (仁宗 Rénzōng) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Ayurparibhadra | Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Ayurparibhadra (孛兒只斤愛育黎拔力八達 Bóérzhījīn Àiyùlíbálìbādá) |
1311–1320 | Huangqing (皇慶 Huángqìng) 1312–1313 Yanyou (延祐 Yányòu) 1314–1320 |
| Yingzong (英宗 Yīngzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Suddhipala Gege'en | Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Suddhipala (孛兒只斤碩德八剌 Bóérzhījīn Shuòdébālá) |
1320–1323 | Zhizhi (至治 Zhìzhì) 1321–1323 |
| Jinzong (晉宗 Jìnzōng) (1) | Taiding Di (泰定帝 Tàidìng Dì) (2) | Yesün-Temür | Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Yesün-Temür (孛兒只斤也孫鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Yěsūntiěmùér) |
1323–1328 | Taiding (泰定 Tàidìng) 1321–1328 Zhihe (致和 Zhìhé) 1328 |
| did not exist (1) | Tianshun Di (天順帝 Tiānshùn Dì) (2) | Arigaba | Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Arigaba (孛兒只斤阿速吉八 Bóérzhījīn Āsùjíbā) |
1328 | Tianshun (天順 Tiānshùn) 1328 |
| Wenzong (文宗 Wénzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Jiyaghatu Toq-Temür | Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Toq-Temür (孛兒只斤圖鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Tútiěmùér) |
1328–1329 and 1329–1332 | Tianli (天曆 Tiānlì) 1328–1330 Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1330–1332 |
| Mingzong Emperor Mingzong of Yuan China Khutughtu Khan , also known as Emperor Mingzong of Yuan , born Kuśala , was a son of Khayishan who briefly ascended to the throne of the Yuan Dynasty in 1329, but died soon after he seized the throne of Great Khan of the Mongols and Emperor of... (明宗 Míngzōng) |
too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Qoshila Qutuqtu | Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Qoshila (孛兒只斤和世剌 Bóérzhījīn Héshìlà) |
1329 | did not exist |
| Ningzong (寧宗 Níngzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Irinchibal | Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Irinchibal (孛兒只斤懿璘質班 Bóérzhījīn Yìlínzhìbān) |
1332 | Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1332 |
| Huizong (惠宗 Huìzōng) (1) | Shundi (順帝 Shùndì) | Toghan-Temür | Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Toghan-Temür (孛兒只斤妥懽鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Tuǒhuān Tiěmùér) |
1333–1370 | Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1333 Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333–1335 Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1335–1340 Zhizheng (至正 Zhìzhèng) 1341–1368 Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1368–1370 |
| (1) Convention: for these sovereigns only, use "yuan" + posthumous name, i.e. 元泰定帝 Yuán Tài Dìng Dì. (2) Not actually a posthumous name, but adopted from era name. |
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| Temple Names (Miao Hao 廟號 Miào Hào) | Posthumous Names (Shi Hao 諡號) | Khan Names | Born Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: use khan names or born names. | |||||
| Note: 1) />2) To non-Chinese readers, usually the khan names are the most familiar names. 2) Timur or Temür means the same Mongolian words but Temür will be used for avoiding confusion with the Timur Timur Timur , historically known as Tamerlane in English , was a 14th-century conqueror of West, South and Central Asia, and the founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, and great-great-grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived as the Mughal Empire in India until... (Timurlane or Tamerlane) who attempted to restore the Mongolian Empire in Central Asia. |
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| Convention: for the following sovereign only, use "yuan" + posthumous name. | |||||
| Huizong (惠宗 Huìzōng) (same person as the last Yuan emperor in China) | Shundi (順帝 Shùndì) | Toghan-Temür | Borjigin Borjigin Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.... Toghan-Temür (孛兒只斤妥懽鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Tuǒhuān Tiěmùér) |
1333–1370 | Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1333 Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333–1335 Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1335–1340 Zhizheng (至正 Zhìzhèng) 1341–1368 Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1368–1370 |
| Zhaozong (昭宗 Zhāozōng) | Hexiao Emperor (和孝皇帝 Hexiao Huangdi) | Biligtü Khan Biligtü Khan Biligtü Khan, born Ayushiridara , was a ruler of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia... |
Ayushiridara of the Borjigin clan (孛兒只斤愛育識里達臘 Bóérzhījīn Àiyùshílǐdálà) | 1370–1378 | Xuanguang (宣光 Xuānguāng) 1371–1378 |
| Yizong (益宗) | Ningxiao Emperor (宁孝皇帝 Ningxiao Huangdi) | Usakhal Khan | Tögüs Temür of the Borjigin clan (孛兒只斤脫古思鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Tuōgǔsī Tiěmùér) | 1378–1388 | Tianyuan (天元 Tiānyuán) 1378–1388 |
| (1) Convention: for these souvereigns only, use "yuan" + posthumous name, i.e. 元泰定帝 Yuán Tài Dìng Dì. For the later Mongol Khans, see List of Mongol Khans |
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