List of English words of Maori origin
Encyclopedia
Some words of Māori origin have entered New Zealand English
. Some of those words have been adopted by other branches of the English language
and also by other languages.
s of a number of species of animal and plant endemic
to New Zealand are simply their Māori names or a close equivalent:
kauri: large conifer
in the Araucariaceae
kea
: a parrot
, one of the world's few alpine parrots
kiwi
: the bird, a New Zealander, or (not in New Zealand) kiwi fruit
mako : a shark, considered a magificent fighting game fish
moa
: extinct giant flightless bird
tuatara
: rare lizard-like reptile, not closely related to any other living species
There is a movement to replace anglicised words and return placenames to their original Māori forms. See for example Whanganui. Some Treaty of Waitangi settlements
have included placename changes.
haka
: traditional Māori dance, not always a war-dance, often performed by New Zealand sports teams to 'intimidate' opponents; see Haka of the All Blacks
hāngi
: (1) earth oven used to cook large quantities of food, (2) the food cooked in the hāngi
hikoi
: march or walk
hui
: meeting, conference
iwi
: tribe
kai
: food
kai moana : sea food
kia kaha
: an expression of support, lit. be strong
kia ora
: a greeting, lit. be healthy
koha
: gift, present, offering, donation, contribution
mahinga mātaitai : traditional seafood gathering place
mana
: regard in which someone is held; respect of their authority; reputation
mihi : lit. greet, acknowledge; sometimes used for internet board or forum message
moko
: facial tattoo
Ngaire : woman's name, origin unknown
pā
: hill fort
Pākehā
: New Zealander of non-Māori descent, usually European
Papakāinga : land used as housing by an hapu or whanau group
pounamu : greenstone, nephrite
puku : abdomen, tummy
tāngata whenua
: home tribe of a given marae or district; by extension, Māori in the New Zealand context. Lit. people of the land
tangi
: funeral, rites for the dead
taonga
: sacred treasure. Māori usage: property, goods, possessions, effects, treasure, something prized
wai : water
utu : revenge. Māori usage: revenge, cost, price, wage, fee, payment, salary, reciprocity
wāhi tapu : sacred site
waka
: canoe
whānau
: extended family, family group
New Zealand English
New Zealand English is the dialect of the English language used in New Zealand.The English language was established in New Zealand by colonists during the 19th century. It is one of "the newest native-speaker variet[ies] of the English language in existence, a variety which has developed and...
. Some of those words have been adopted by other branches of the English language
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
and also by other languages.
Flora and fauna
The accepted English common nameCommon name
A common name of a taxon or organism is a name in general use within a community; it is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism...
s of a number of species of animal and plant endemic
Endemic (ecology)
Endemism is the ecological state of being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, all species of lemur are endemic to the...
to New Zealand are simply their Māori names or a close equivalent:
kauri: large conifer
Pinophyta
The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferophyta or Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the Kingdom Plantae. Pinophytes are gymnosperms. They are cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissue; all extant conifers are woody plants, the great majority being...
in the Araucariaceae
Araucariaceae
Araucariaceae, commonly referred to as araucarians, is a very ancient family of coniferous trees. It achieved its maximum diversity in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, when it was distributed almost worldwide...
kea
Kea
The Kea is a large species of parrot found in forested and alpine regions of the South Island of New Zealand. About long, it is mostly olive-green with a brilliant orange under its wings and has a large narrow curved grey-brown upper beak. The Kea is the world's only alpine parrot...
: a parrot
Parrot
Parrots, also known as psittacines , are birds of the roughly 372 species in 86 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into three families: the Psittacidae , the Cacatuidae and the Strigopidae...
, one of the world's few alpine parrots
kiwi
Kiwi
Kiwi are flightless birds endemic to New Zealand, in the genus Apteryx and family Apterygidae.At around the size of a domestic chicken, kiwi are by far the smallest living ratites and lay the largest egg in relation to their body size of any species of bird in the world...
: the bird, a New Zealander, or (not in New Zealand) kiwi fruit
mako : a shark, considered a magificent fighting game fish
moa
Moa
The moa were eleven species of flightless birds endemic to New Zealand. The two largest species, Dinornis robustus and Dinornis novaezelandiae, reached about in height with neck outstretched, and weighed about ....
: extinct giant flightless bird
tuatara
Tuatara
The tuatara is a reptile endemic to New Zealand which, though it resembles most lizards, is actually part of a distinct lineage, order Sphenodontia. The two species of tuatara are the only surviving members of its order, which flourished around 200 million years ago. Their most recent common...
: rare lizard-like reptile, not closely related to any other living species
Placenames
Thousands of Māori placenames (or with or without Anglicization) are now official in New Zealand. These include- Territorial authoritiesTerritorial authorities of New ZealandTerritorial authorities are the second tier of local government in New Zealand, below regional councils. There are 67 territorial authorities: 13 city councils, 53 district councils, and the Chatham Islands Council...
: Waikato, Manawatu, TaurangaTaurangaTauranga is the most populous city in the Bay of Plenty region, in the North Island of New Zealand.It was settled by Europeans in the early 19th century and was constituted as a city in 1963...
, Taranaki, OtagoOtagoOtago is a region of New Zealand in the south of the South Island. The region covers an area of approximately making it the country's second largest region. The population of Otago is...
* - Cities: TaurangaTaurangaTauranga is the most populous city in the Bay of Plenty region, in the North Island of New Zealand.It was settled by Europeans in the early 19th century and was constituted as a city in 1963...
, WhangareiWhangareiWhangarei, pronounced , is the northernmost city in New Zealand and the regional capital of Northland Region. Although commonly classified as a city, it is officially part of the Whangarei District, administered by the Whangarei District Council a local body created in 1989 to administer both the...
, WaitakereWaitakereWaitakere City was the name of a city which existed from 1989 until 2010 in the Auckland region. It was New Zealand's fifth largest city, with an annual growth of about 2%...
, TimaruTimaruTimaruUrban AreaPopulation:27,200Extent:Former Timaru City CouncilTerritorial AuthorityName:Timaru District CouncilPopulation:42,867 Land area:2,736.54 km² Mayor:Janie AnnearWebsite:...
, RotoruaRotoruaRotorua is a city on the southern shores of the lake of the same name, in the Bay of Plenty region of the North Island of New Zealand. The city is the seat of the Rotorua District, a territorial authority encompassing the city and several other nearby towns... - Tourist destinationsTourism in New ZealandTourism is an important industry in New Zealand, contributing NZ$15 billion of the country's gross domestic product in 2010. It is also New Zealand's largest export industry, with about 2.4 million international tourists visiting per year , providing 18% of the country's export earnings...
: Tongariro, MoerakiMoerakiMoeraki is a small fishing village on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It was once the location of a whaling station. In the 1870s, local interests believed it could become the main port for the north Otago area and a railway line, the Moeraki Branch, was built to the settlement...
, WakatipuWakatipuWakatipu is the name of a district in inland Otago, New Zealand.* The best known geographical feature with that name is Lake Wakatipu.* The Wakatipu Basin is a flat area to the North East of Lake Wakatipu surrounded by mountains....
, Te AnauTe AnauTe Anau is a town in the South Island of New Zealand. It is on the eastern shore of Lake Te Anau in Fiordland. Lake Te Anau is the largest lake in the South Island and second only within New Zealand to Lake Taupo. The 2001 census recorded the town's population as 1,857...
There is a movement to replace anglicised words and return placenames to their original Māori forms. See for example Whanganui. Some Treaty of Waitangi settlements
Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements
Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements have been a significant feature of New Zealand race relations and politics since 1975. Over the last 30 years, New Zealand governments have increasingly provided formal legal and political opportunity for Māori to seek redress for breaches by the Crown of...
have included placename changes.
Other words and phrases
aroha : love, sympathy, compassionhaka
Haka
Haka is a traditional ancestral war cry, dance or challenge from the Māori people of New Zealand. It is a posture dance performed by a group, with vigorous movements and stamping of the feet with rhythmically shouted accompaniment...
: traditional Māori dance, not always a war-dance, often performed by New Zealand sports teams to 'intimidate' opponents; see Haka of the All Blacks
Haka of the All Blacks
The Haka is a traditional Maori war dance from New Zealand. There are thousands of Haka that are performed by various tribes and cultural groups throughout New Zealand. The best known Haka of them all is called "Ka Mate". It has been performed by countless New Zealand teams both locally and...
hāngi
Hangi
Hāngi is a traditional New Zealand Māori method of cooking food using heated rocks buried in a pit oven still used for special occasions.To "lay a hāngi" or "put down a hāngi" involves digging a pit in the ground, heating stones in the pit with a large fire, placing baskets of food on top of the...
: (1) earth oven used to cook large quantities of food, (2) the food cooked in the hāngi
hikoi
Hikoi
Hikoi is a term of the Maori language of New Zealand generally meaning a protest march or parade, usually implying a long journey taking days or weeks....
: march or walk
hui
Hui (Maori assembly)
A hui is a New Zealand term for a social gathering or assembly.Originally a Māori language word, it was used by Europeans as early as 1846 when referring to Māori gatherings - but is now increasingly used in New Zealand English to describe events that are not exclusively Māori....
: meeting, conference
iwi
Iwi
In New Zealand society, iwi form the largest everyday social units in Māori culture. The word iwi means "'peoples' or 'nations'. In "the work of European writers which treat iwi and hapū as parts of a hierarchical structure", it has been used to mean "tribe" , or confederation of tribes,...
: tribe
kai
New Zealand cuisine
New Zealand cuisine is largely driven by local ingredients and seasonal variations. Occupying an island nation with a primarily agricultural economy, New Zealanders enjoy quality local produce from land and sea...
: food
kai moana : sea food
kia kaha
Kia kaha
Kia kaha is a Māori phrase used by both the Māori and Pākehā people of New Zealand. It means be strong and is used as an affirmation. The phrase has significant meaning for both the Māori and Pākehā people of New Zealand...
: an expression of support, lit. be strong
kia ora
Kia ora
Kia ora is a Māori language greeting which has entered New Zealand English. It means literally "be well/healthy" and is translated as an informal "hi" at the Māori Language Commission website Kōrero Māori...
: a greeting, lit. be healthy
koha
Koha (custom)
Koha is a New Zealand Māori custom which can be translated as gift, present, offering, donation or contribution.-Traditional usage:Koha is an example of the reciprocity which is a common feature of much Māori tradition, and often involves the giving of gifts by visitors to a host marae...
: gift, present, offering, donation, contribution
mahinga mātaitai : traditional seafood gathering place
mana
Mana
Mana is an indigenous Pacific islander concept of an impersonal force or quality that resides in people, animals, and inanimate objects. The word is a cognate in many Oceanic languages, including Melanesian, Polynesian, and Micronesian....
: regard in which someone is held; respect of their authority; reputation
mihi : lit. greet, acknowledge; sometimes used for internet board or forum message
moko
Ta moko
Tā moko is the permanent body and face marking by Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand. Traditionally it is distinct from tattoo and tatau in that the skin was carved by rather than punctured...
: facial tattoo
Ngaire : woman's name, origin unknown
pā
Pa (Maori)
The word pā can refer to any Māori village or settlement, but in traditional use it referred to hillforts fortified with palisades and defensive terraces and also to fortified villages. They first came into being about 1450. They are located mainly in the North Island north of lake Taupo...
: hill fort
Pākehā
Pakeha
Pākehā is a Māori language word for New Zealanders who are "of European descent". They are mostly descended from British and to a lesser extent Irish settlers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, although some Pākehā have Dutch, Scandinavian, German, Yugoslav or other ancestry...
: New Zealander of non-Māori descent, usually European
Papakāinga : land used as housing by an hapu or whanau group
pounamu : greenstone, nephrite
puku : abdomen, tummy
tāngata whenua
Tangata Whenua
Tāngata whenua is a Māori term of the indigenous peoples of New Zealand and literally means "people of the land", from tāngata, 'people' and whenua land.-Meanings:...
: home tribe of a given marae or district; by extension, Māori in the New Zealand context. Lit. people of the land
tangi
Tangihanga
Tangihanga, or more commonly, Tangi, is a Māori funeral rite.Each iwi differs on how they honour those who pass. Tangihanga generally take three days with burial on the third day. From the moment of death, the tūpāpaku is rarely alone. The tūpāpaku is transported to the marae...
: funeral, rites for the dead
taonga
Taonga
A taonga in Māori culture is a treasured thing, whether tangible or intangible. Tangible examples are all sorts of heirlooms and artefacts, land, fisheries, natural resources such as geothermal springs and access to natural resources, such as riparian water rights and access to the riparian zone of...
: sacred treasure. Māori usage: property, goods, possessions, effects, treasure, something prized
wai : water
utu : revenge. Māori usage: revenge, cost, price, wage, fee, payment, salary, reciprocity
wāhi tapu : sacred site
waka
Waka (canoe)
Waka are Māori watercraft, usually canoes ranging in size from small, unornamented canoes used for fishing and river travel, to large decorated war canoes up to long...
: canoe
whānau
Whanau
Whānau , is a Māori-language word for extended family, now increasingly entering New Zealand English, particularly in official publications.In Māori society, the whānau is also a political unit, below the level of hapū and iwi, and the word itself also has other meanings: as a verb meaning to give...
: extended family, family group