The following is a list of the "C" codes for MeSH

Mesh

Mesh consists of semi-permeable barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material. Mesh is similar to web or net in that it has many attached or woven strands.-Types of mesh:...

. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine

United States National Library of Medicine

The United States National Library of Medicine , operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is a division of the National Institutes of Health...

.

Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)

--- bone diseases, developmental

--- acro-osteolysis --- hajdu-cheney syndrome

Hajdu-Cheney syndrome

Hajdu–Cheney syndrome, also called acroosteolysis with osteoporosis and changes in skull and mandible, arthrodentoosteodysplasia and Cheney syndrome, is an extremely rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder of the connective tissue characterized by severe and excessive bone resorption leading to...

 --- basal cell nevus syndrome --- dwarfism

Dwarfism

Dwarfism is short stature resulting from a medical condition. It is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than 4 feet 10 inches  , although this definition is problematic because short stature in itself is not a disorder....

 --- achondroplasia

Achondroplasia

Achondroplasia dwarfism occurs as a sporadic mutation in approximately 85% of cases or may be inherited in an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that is a common cause of dwarfism...

 --- cockayne syndrome

Cockayne syndrome

Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive, congenital disorder characterized by growth failure, impaired development of the nervous system, abnormal sensitivity to sunlight , and premature aging...

 --- congenital hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism is a condition of thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth. Approximately 1 in 4000 newborn infants has a severe deficiency of thyroid function, while even more have mild or partial degrees. If untreated for several months after birth, severe congenital hypothyroidism...

 --- dwarfism, pituitary --- laron syndrome

Laron syndrome

Laron syndrome, or Laron-type dwarfism, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an insensitivity to growth hormone , caused by a variant of the growth hormone receptor. It causes short stature and a resistance to diabetes and cancer....

 --- mulibrey nanism

Mulibrey nanism

Mulibrey nanism , also called Perheentupa syndrome and pericardial constriction with growth failure, is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder. It causes severe growth failure along with abnormalities of the heart, muscle, liver, brain and eye...

 --- thanatophoric dysplasia

Thanatophoric dysplasia

Thanatophoric dysplasia is a severe skeletal disorder characterized by extremely short limbs and folds of extra skin on the arms and legs.-Symptoms:Infants with this condition have disproportionately short arms and legs with extra folds of skin...

 --- dysostoses --- craniofacial dysostosis --- hallermann's syndrome --- hypertelorism

Hypertelorism

Hypertelorism is an abnormally increased distance between two organs or bodily parts, usually referring to an increased distance between the orbits . In this condition the distance between the inner eye corners as well as the distance between the pupils is greater than normal...

 --- mandibulofacial dysostosis --- goldenhar syndrome

Goldenhar syndrome

Goldenhar syndrome is a rare congenital defect characterized by incomplete development of the ear, nose, soft palate, lip, and mandible. It is associated with anomalous development of the first branchial arch and second branchial arch...

 --- focal dermal hypoplasia

Focal dermal hypoplasia

Focal dermal hypoplasia is a form of ectodermal dysplasia.It is also known as Goltz-Gorlin syndrome, after Robert Goltz and Robert Gorlin.It has been associated with PORCN, on the X chromosome.-External links:...

 --- klippel-feil syndrome

Klippel-Feil syndrome

Klippel–Feil syndrome is a rare disease, initially reported in 1912 by Maurice Klippel and André Feil from France, characterized by the congenital fusion of any 2 of the 7 cervical vertebrae....

 --- orofaciodigital syndromes --- rubinstein-taybi syndrome

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome

Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome , also known as broad thumb-hallux syndrome or Rubinstein syndrome, is a condition characterized by short stature, moderate to severe learning difficulties, distinctive facial features, and broad thumbs and first toes. Other features of the disorder vary among affected...

 --- synostosis

Synostosis

Synostosis is the abnormal fusion of neighbor bones. It is a type of dysostosis.Examples of synostoses include: craniosynostosis- being an abnormal fusion of two or more cranial bones, radio-ulnar synostosis- being the abnormal fusion of the radius and ulna bones of the forearm, tarsal coalition -...

 --- craniosynostoses --- acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia is the common presentation of craniosynostosis and syndactyly.-Classification:It has several different types:* type 1 - Apert syndrome* type 2 - Apert syndrome* type 3 - Saethre-Chotzen syndrome...

 --- syndactyly

Syndactyly

Syndactyly is a condition wherein two or more digits are fused together. It occurs normally in some mammals, such as the siamang and kangaroo, but is an unusual condition in humans.-Classification:...

 --- acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia is the common presentation of craniosynostosis and syndactyly.-Classification:It has several different types:* type 1 - Apert syndrome* type 2 - Apert syndrome* type 3 - Saethre-Chotzen syndrome...

 --- poland syndrome

Poland syndrome

Poland syndrome is a rare birth defect characterized by underdevelopment or absence of the chest muscle on one side of the body and webbing of the fingers of the hand on the same side mostly common on the right...

 --- funnel chest --- gigantism

Gigantism

Gigantism, also known as giantism , is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average...

 --- leg length inequality --- marfan syndrome

Marfan syndrome

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue. People with Marfan's tend to be unusually tall, with long limbs and long, thin fingers....

 --- osteochondrodysplasias --- achondroplasia

Achondroplasia

Achondroplasia dwarfism occurs as a sporadic mutation in approximately 85% of cases or may be inherited in an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that is a common cause of dwarfism...

 --- chondrodysplasia punctata

Chondrodysplasia punctata

Chondrodysplasia punctata is a clinically and genetically diverse group of rare diseases, first described by Conradi, that share the features of stippled epiphyses and skeletal changes.Types include:* Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata , ,...

 --- chondrodysplasia punctata, rhizomelic --- cleidocranial dysplasia --- diaphyseal dysplasia, progressive --- ellis-van creveld syndrome

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome

Ellis–van Creveld Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder of the skeletal dysplasia type.-Symptoms:...

 --- enchondromatosis

Enchondromatosis

Enchondromatosis is a form of osteochondrodysplasia characterized by a proliferation of enchondromas.Ollier disease can be considered a synonym for enchondromatosis. Maffucci syndrome is enchondromatosis with hemangiomatosis.-References:...

 --- fibrous dysplasia of bone --- cherubism

Cherubism

Cherubism is a rare genetic disorder that causes prominence in the lower portion in the face. The name is derived from the temporary chubby-cheeked resemblance to putti, often confused with cherubs, in Renaissance paintings.-Presentation:...

 --- fibrous dysplasia, monostotic --- fibrous dysplasia, polyostotic

McCune-Albright syndrome

McCune–Albright syndrome, described in 1937 by Donovan James McCune and Fuller Albright, is a genetic disorder of bones, skin pigmentation and hormonal problems along with premature puberty.-Symptoms:...

 --- hyperostosis, cortical, congenital --- hyperostosis frontalis interna --- langer-giedion syndrome

Langer-Giedion syndrome

Langer-Giedion syndrome , also called trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II or LGCR , is a very uncommon autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by a deletion of chromosomal material. It is named after the two doctors who undertook the main research into the condition in the 1960s...

 --- osteochondroma

Osteochondroma

Osteochondroma is a type of benign tumor that consists of cartilage and bone. It is a benign capped-cartilage outgrowth, connected to bone by a stalk.It is the most frequently observed neoplasm of the skeleton....

 --- osteochondromatosis

Osteochondromatosis

Osteochondromatosis is a condition involving a proliferation of osteochondromas.Types include:* Hereditary multiple exostoses* Synovial osteochondromatosis-References:...

 --- exostoses, multiple hereditary --- osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic bone disorder. People with OI are born with defective connective tissue, or without the ability to make it, usually because of a deficiency of Type-I collagen...

 --- osteosclerosis

Osteosclerosis

Osteosclerosis, an elevation in bone density, is normally detected on an X-ray as an area of whiteness, and is where the bone density has significantly increased...

 --- melorheostosis

Melorheostosis

Melorheostosis is a medical developmental disorder and mesenchymal dysplasia in which the bony cortex widens and becomes hyperdense in a sclerotomal distribution.-Diagnosis:...

 --- osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis, literally "stone bone", also known as marble bone disease and Albers-Schonberg disease is an extremely rare inherited disorder whereby the bones harden, becoming denser, in contrast to more prevalent conditions like osteoporosis, in which the bones become less dense and more brittle,...

 --- osteopoikilosis

Osteopoikilosis

Osteopoikilosis is an benign, autosomal dominant sclerosing dysplasia of bone characterized by the presence of numerous bone islands in the skeleton....

 --- acquired hyperostosis syndrome --- short rib-polydactyly syndrome

Short rib-polydactyly syndrome

Short rib – polydactyly syndrome is a family of four closely related dysplasias:* I - "Saldino-Noonan type"* II - "Majewski type"* III - "Verma-Naumoff type" * IV - "Beemer-Langer type"-References:...

 --- thanatophoric dysplasia

Thanatophoric dysplasia

Thanatophoric dysplasia is a severe skeletal disorder characterized by extremely short limbs and folds of extra skin on the arms and legs.-Symptoms:Infants with this condition have disproportionately short arms and legs with extra folds of skin...

 --- osteolysis, essential --- platybasia

Platybasia

Platybasia is a spinal disease of a malformed relationship between the occipital bone and cervical spine.It may be caused by Paget's disease....

 --- proteus syndrome

Proteus syndrome

Proteus syndrome, also known as Wiedemann's syndrome , is a congenital disorder that causes skin overgrowth and atypical bone development, often accompanied by tumors over half the body....

--- bone diseases, endocrine

--- acromegaly

Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a syndrome that results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty...

 --- congenital hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism is a condition of thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth. Approximately 1 in 4000 newborn infants has a severe deficiency of thyroid function, while even more have mild or partial degrees. If untreated for several months after birth, severe congenital hypothyroidism...

 --- dwarfism, pituitary --- gigantism

Gigantism

Gigantism, also known as giantism , is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average...

 --- osteitis fibrosa cystica

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Osteitis fibrosa cystica , abbreviated OFC, and also known as osteitis fibrosa, osteodystrophia fibrosa, not to be confused with Von Recklinghausen's disease of bone . Osteitis Fbrosa Cystica is a skeletal disorder caused by a surplus of parathyroid hormone from over-active parathyroid glands...

--- bone diseases, infectious

--- osteitis

Osteitis

Osteitis is a general term for inflammation of bone. More specifically, it can refer to one of the following conditions:* Alveolar osteitis or "dry socket"* Condensing osteitis * Osteitis deformans...

 --- osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis simply means an infection of the bone or bone marrow...

 --- periostitis

Periostitis

Periostitis, also known as periostalgia, is a medical condition caused by inflammation of the periosteum, a layer of connective tissue that surrounds bone...

 --- spondylitis

Spondylitis

Spondylitis is an inflammation of the vertebra. It is a form of spondylopathy. In many cases, spondylitis involves one or more vertebral joint as well, which itself is called spondylarthritis.-Examples:...

 --- discitis

Discitis

Discitis or diskitis is an infection in the intervertebral disc space that affects different age groups, but usually spontaneously affects children under 8 years of age. Nonetheless, discitis occurs post surgically in approximately 1-2 percent of patients status post spine surgery.-Signs and...

 --- tuberculosis, osteoarticular --- tuberculosis, spinal

--- bone diseases, metabolic

--- bone demineralization, pathologic --- decalcification, pathologic --- mucolipidoses --- osteomalacia

Osteomalacia

Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization secondary to inadequate amounts of available phosphorus and calcium, or because of overactive resorption of calcium from the bone as a result of hyperparathyroidism...

 --- osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density is reduced, bone microarchitecture is deteriorating, and the amount and variety of proteins in bone is altered...

 --- osteoporosis, postmenopausal --- pseudohypoparathyroidism

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a condition associated primarily with resistance to the parathyroid hormone. Patients have a low serum calcium and high phosphate, but the parathyroid hormone level is actually appropriately high...

 --- pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism is an inherited disorder, named for its similarity to pseudohypoparathyroidism in presentation...

 --- renal osteodystrophy

Renal osteodystrophy

Renal osteodystrophy or chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder is a bone pathology, characterized by bone mineralization deficiency, that is a direct result of the electrolyte and endocrine derangements that accompany chronic kidney disease...

 --- rickets

Rickets

Rickets is a softening of bones in children due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, magnesium , phosphorus or calcium, potentially leading to fractures and deformity. Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in many developing countries...

--- bone neoplasms

--- adamantinoma --- femoral neoplasms --- skull neoplasms --- jaw neoplasms --- mandibular neoplasms --- maxillary neoplasms --- palatal neoplasms --- nose neoplasms --- orbital neoplasms --- skull base neoplasms --- spinal neoplasms

--- bone resorption

Bone resorption

Bone resorption is the process by which osteoclasts break down bone and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone fluid to the blood....

--- ainhum

Ainhum

Ainhum is a painful constriction of the base of the fifth toe frequently followed by bilateral spontaneous amputation a few years later. The disease occurs predominantly in black Africans and their descendants...

 --- alveolar bone loss --- osteolysis

Osteolysis

Osteolysis refers to an active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts as part of an ongoing disease process.-Osteolysis in joint replacement:...

 --- acro-osteolysis --- hajdu-cheney syndrome

Hajdu-Cheney syndrome

Hajdu–Cheney syndrome, also called acroosteolysis with osteoporosis and changes in skull and mandible, arthrodentoosteodysplasia and Cheney syndrome, is an extremely rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder of the connective tissue characterized by severe and excessive bone resorption leading to...

 --- osteolysis, essential

--- hyperostosis

Hyperostosis

Hyperostosis is an excessive growth of bone. It may lead to exostosis. It occurs in many musculoskeletal disorders.-See also:* Infantile cortical hyperostosis* SAPHO syndrome* Hyperostosis frontalis interna...

--- exostoses --- exostoses, multiple hereditary --- heel spur

Heel spur

A calcaneal spur is a small osteophyte located on the calcaneus . Calcaneal spurs are typically detected by a radiological examination ....

 --- hyperostosis, cortical, congenital --- hyperostosis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal --- hyperostosis frontalis interna --- hyperostosis, sternocostoclavicular

--- osteoarthropathy, primary hypertrophic

--- osteoarthropathy, secondary hypertrophic

--- osteochondritis

Osteochondritis

Osteochondritis is a painful type of osteochondrosis where the cartilage or bone in a joint is inflamed.It often refers to osteochondritis dissecans...

--- osteochondritis dissecans

Osteochondritis dissecans

Osteochondritis dissecans , often abbreviated to OCD or OD, is a joint disorder in which cracks form in the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. OCD is caused by blood deprivation in the subchondral bone. This loss of blood flow causes the subchondral bone to die in a process...

 --- scheuermann's disease

Scheuermann's disease

Scheuermann’s disease is a self-limiting skeletal disorder of childhood. It is also known as Sherman's Disease, Scheuermann’s kyphosis , Calvé disease and Juvenile Osteochondrosis of the Spine. It is named after Holger Werfel Scheuermann...

--- osteonecrosis

--- femur head necrosis --- legg-perthes disease

--- spinal diseases

--- intervertebral disk displacement --- ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament --- platybasia

Platybasia

Platybasia is a spinal disease of a malformed relationship between the occipital bone and cervical spine.It may be caused by Paget's disease....

 --- scheuermann's disease

Scheuermann's disease

Scheuermann’s disease is a self-limiting skeletal disorder of childhood. It is also known as Sherman's Disease, Scheuermann’s kyphosis , Calvé disease and Juvenile Osteochondrosis of the Spine. It is named after Holger Werfel Scheuermann...

 --- spinal curvatures --- kyphosis

Kyphosis

Kyphosis , also called roundback or Kelso's hunchback, is a condition of over-curvature of the thoracic vertebrae...

 --- lordosis

Lordosis

Lordosis is a medical term used to describe an inward curvature of a portion of the lumbar and cervical vertebral column. Two segments of the vertebral column, namely cervical and lumbar, are normally lordotic, that is, they are set in a curve that has its convexity anteriorly and concavity...

 --- scoliosis

Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a medical condition in which a person's spine is curved from side to side. Although it is a complex three-dimensional deformity, on an X-ray, viewed from the rear, the spine of an individual with scoliosis may look more like an "S" or a "C" than a straight line...

 --- spinal neoplasms --- spinal osteophytosis --- hyperostosis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal --- spinal stenosis

Spinal stenosis

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the spinal cord and nerves at the level of the lumbar vertebra. This is usually due to the common occurrence of spinal degeneration that occurs with aging. It can also sometimes be caused by spinal disc...

 --- spondylarthritis --- spondylarthropathies --- arthritis, psoriatic --- arthritis, reactive --- reiter disease --- spondylitis, ankylosing --- spondylitis

Spondylitis

Spondylitis is an inflammation of the vertebra. It is a form of spondylopathy. In many cases, spondylitis involves one or more vertebral joint as well, which itself is called spondylarthritis.-Examples:...

 --- discitis

Discitis

Discitis or diskitis is an infection in the intervertebral disc space that affects different age groups, but usually spontaneously affects children under 8 years of age. Nonetheless, discitis occurs post surgically in approximately 1-2 percent of patients status post spine surgery.-Signs and...

 --- spondylitis, ankylosing --- tuberculosis, spinal --- spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis describes the anterior or posterior displacement of a vertebra or the vertebral column in relation to the vertebrae below. It was first described in 1782 by Belgian obstetrician, Dr. Herbinaux. He reported a bony prominence anterior to the sacrum that obstructed the vagina of a...

 --- spondylolysis

Spondylolysis

Spondylolysis is a defect of a vertebra. More specifically it is defined as a defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch. The great majority of cases occur in the lowest of the lumbar vertebrae , but spondylolysis may also occur in the other lumbar vertebrae, as well as in the...

--- foot deformities, acquired

--- bunion, tailor's --- equinus deformity --- hallux limitus --- hallux rigidus

Hallux rigidus

Degenerative arthritis and stiffness due to bone spurs that affects the MTP joint at the base of the hallux is called Hallux rigidus or stiff big toe.- Symptoms :...

--- foot deformities, congenital

--- clubfoot

--- posterior tibial tendon dysfunction

--- jaw abnormalities

--- cleft palate --- micrognathism

Micrognathism

Micrognathism is a condition where the jaw is undersized. It is also sometimes called "Mandibular hypoplasia". It is common in infants, but is usually self-corrected during growth, due to the jaws increasing in size. It may be a cause of abnormal tooth alignment and in severe cases can hamper...

 --- pierre robin syndrome

Pierre Robin syndrome

Pierre Robin Sequence , also known as Pierre Robin Malformation, is a congenital condition of facial abnormalities in humans. PRS is a sequence: a chain of certain developmental malformations, one entailing the next...

 --- prognathism

Prognathism

Prognathism is a term used to describe the positional relationship of the mandible and/or maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes beyond a predetermined imaginary line in the coronal plane of the skull. In general dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery and orthodontics...

 --- retrognathism

Retrognathism

Retrognathia is a type of malocclusion which refers to an abnormal posterior positioning of the maxilla or mandible, particularly the mandible, relative to the facial skeleton and soft tissues....

--- jaw cysts

--- nonodontogenic cysts --- odontogenic cysts --- basal cell nevus syndrome --- dentigerous cyst

Dentigerous Cyst

A dentigerous cyst or Follicular Cyst is an odontogenic cyst - thought to be of developmental origin - associated with the crown of an unerupted tooth. The cyst cavity is lined by epithelial cells derived from the reduced enamel epithelium of the tooth forming organ...

 --- odontogenic cyst, calcifying --- periodontal cyst --- radicular cyst

--- jaw, edentulous

--- jaw, edentulous, partially

--- jaw neoplasms

--- mandibular neoplasms --- maxillary neoplasms --- palatal neoplasms

--- mandibular diseases

--- craniomandibular disorders --- temporomandibular joint disorders --- temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome --- mandibular neoplasms --- prognathism

Prognathism

Prognathism is a term used to describe the positional relationship of the mandible and/or maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes beyond a predetermined imaginary line in the coronal plane of the skull. In general dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery and orthodontics...

 --- retrognathism

Retrognathism

Retrognathia is a type of malocclusion which refers to an abnormal posterior positioning of the maxilla or mandible, particularly the mandible, relative to the facial skeleton and soft tissues....

--- maxillary diseases

--- maxillary neoplasms

--- arthritis

Arthritis

Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints....

--- arthritis, experimental --- arthritis, infectious --- arthritis, reactive --- arthritis, psoriatic --- arthritis, rheumatoid --- arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid --- caplan's syndrome

Caplan's syndrome

Caplan's syndrome is a combination of rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis that manifests as intrapulmonary nodules, which appear homogenous and well-defined on chest X-ray.. The syndrome is named after Dr...

 --- felty's syndrome

Felty's syndrome

Felty's syndrome, also called Felty syndrome, is characterized by the combination of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and neutropenia.-Symptoms:The symptoms of Felty's syndrome are similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis....

 --- rheumatoid nodule

Rheumatoid nodule

A rheumatoid nodule is a local swelling or tissue lump, usually rather firm to touch, like an unripe fruit, which occurs almost exclusively in association with rheumatoid arthritis. Very rarely rheumatoid nodules occur as 'rheumatoid nodulosis' in the absence of arthritis...

 --- sjogren's syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome , also known as "Mikulicz disease" and "Sicca syndrome", is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva....

 --- spondylitis, ankylosing --- still's disease, adult-onset --- chondrocalcinosis --- gout

Gout

Gout is a medical condition usually characterized by recurrent attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis—a red, tender, hot, swollen joint. The metatarsal-phalangeal joint at the base of the big toe is the most commonly affected . However, it may also present as tophi, kidney stones, or urate...

 --- arthritis, gouty --- osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis also known as degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Symptoms may include joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, locking, and sometimes an effusion...

 --- osteoarthritis, hip --- osteoarthritis, knee --- spinal osteophytosis --- periarthritis --- reiter disease --- rheumatic fever

Rheumatic fever

Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that occurs following a Streptococcus pyogenes infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever. Believed to be caused by antibody cross-reactivity that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain, the illness typically develops two to three weeks after...

 --- rheumatic nodule --- wissler's syndrome

Wissler's syndrome

Wissler's syndrome is a rheumatic disease that has a similar presentation to sepsis.It is sometimes considered closely related to Still's disease.It is named for Hans Wissler....

 --- spondylarthritis --- spondylarthropathies --- arthritis, psoriatic --- arthritis, reactive --- reiter disease --- spondylitis, ankylosing

--- osteoarthropathy, primary hypertrophic

--- osteoarthropathy, secondary hypertrophic

--- shoulder impingement syndrome

--- synovitis

Synovitis

Synovitis is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane. This membrane lines joints which possess cavities, known as synovial joints. The condition is usually painful, particularly when the joint is moved. The joint usually swells due to synovial fluid collection.Synovitis may...

--- synovitis, pigmented villonodular

--- temporomandibular joint disorders

--- temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome

--- compartment syndromes

--- anterior compartment syndrome

--- contracture

Contracture

A muscle contracture is a permanent shortening of a muscle or joint.. It is usually in response to prolonged hypertonic spasticity in a concentrated muscle area, such as is seen in the tightest muscles of people with conditions like spastic cerebral palsy....

--- dupuytren's contracture

Dupuytren's contracture

Dupuytren's contracture , is a fixed flexion contracture of the hand where the fingers bend towards the palm and cannot be fully extended...

 --- hip contracture

--- craniomandibular disorders

--- temporomandibular joint disorders --- temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome

--- eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome

Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome

Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome is an incurable and sometimes fatal flu-like neurological condition that is believed to have been caused by ingestion of poorly produced L-tryptophan supplements...

--- mitochondrial myopathies

--- mitochondrial encephalomyopathies --- melas syndrome --- merrf syndrome

MERRF syndrome

MERRF syndrome is a mitochondrial disease. It is extremely rare, with an estimated prevalence of 1/400,000 in Europe, and has varying degrees of expressivity owing to heteroplasmy-Presentation:...

 --- ophthalmoplegia, chronic progressive external --- kearns-sayer syndrome

--- muscular disorders, atrophic

--- muscular dystrophies --- distal myopathies --- glycogen storage disease type vii --- muscular dystrophies, limb-girdle --- muscular dystrophy, duchenne --- muscular dystrophy, emery-dreifuss --- muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral --- muscular dystrophy, oculopharyngeal --- myotonic dystrophy

Myotonic dystrophy

Myotonic dystrophy is a chronic, slowly progressing, highly variable inherited multisystemic disease. It is characterized by wasting of the muscles , cataracts, heart conduction defects, endocrine changes, and myotonia. Myotonic dystrophy can occur in patients of any age...

 --- postpoliomyelitis syndrome

--- myofascial pain syndromes

--- temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome

--- myopathies, structural, congenital

--- myopathies, nemaline --- myopathy, central core

--- myositis

Myositis

Myositis is a general term for inflammation of the muscles. Many such conditions are considered likely to be caused by autoimmune conditions, rather than directly due to infection It is also a documented side effect of the lipid-lowering drugs statins and fibrates.Elevation of creatine kinase in...

--- dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis is a connective-tissue disease related to polymyositis and Bramaticosis that is characterized by inflammation of the muscles and the skin.- Causes :...

 --- myositis, inclusion body --- myositis ossificans

Myositis ossificans

Myositis ossificans comprises two syndromes characterized by heterotopic ossification of muscle.-Classification:* In the first, and by far most common type, nonhereditary myositis ossificans , calcifications occur at the site of injured muscle, most commonly in the arms or...

 --- polymyositis

Polymyositis

Polymyositis is a type of chronic inflammation of the muscles related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis.-Signs and symptoms:...

 --- dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis is a connective-tissue disease related to polymyositis and Bramaticosis that is characterized by inflammation of the muscles and the skin.- Causes :...

--- myotonic disorders

--- myotonia congenita

Myotonia congenita

Congenital myotonia is a genetic, neuromuscular channelopathy that affects skeletal muscles . It is congenital, meaning that it is present from birth. Amongst other problems, it causes delayed relaxation of the muscles and rigidity...

 --- myotonic dystrophy

Myotonic dystrophy

Myotonic dystrophy is a chronic, slowly progressing, highly variable inherited multisystemic disease. It is characterized by wasting of the muscles , cataracts, heart conduction defects, endocrine changes, and myotonia. Myotonic dystrophy can occur in patients of any age...

--- paralyses, familial periodic

--- hypokalemic periodic paralysis

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare channelopathy characterized by muscle weakness or paralysis with a matching fall in potassium levels in the blood...

 --- paralysis, hyperkalemic periodic

--- craniofacial abnormalities

Craniofacial abnormalities

Craniofacial abnormalities are congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the cranium and facial bones.They are associated with the development of the pharyngeal arches.An example is platybasia.-External links:...

--- cleidocranial dysplasia --- craniofacial dysostosis --- hallermann's syndrome --- hypertelorism

Hypertelorism

Hypertelorism is an abnormally increased distance between two organs or bodily parts, usually referring to an increased distance between the orbits . In this condition the distance between the inner eye corners as well as the distance between the pupils is greater than normal...

 --- mandibulofacial dysostosis --- goldenhar syndrome

Goldenhar syndrome

Goldenhar syndrome is a rare congenital defect characterized by incomplete development of the ear, nose, soft palate, lip, and mandible. It is associated with anomalous development of the first branchial arch and second branchial arch...

 --- craniosynostoses --- acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia is the common presentation of craniosynostosis and syndactyly.-Classification:It has several different types:* type 1 - Apert syndrome* type 2 - Apert syndrome* type 3 - Saethre-Chotzen syndrome...

 --- holoprosencephaly

Holoprosencephaly

Holoprosencephaly is a cephalic disorder in which the prosencephalon fails to develop into two hemispheres. Normally, the forebrain is formed and the face begins to develop in the fifth and sixth weeks of human pregnancy...

 --- leopard syndrome

Leopard syndrome

LEOPARD syndrome - is part of a group called Ras/MAPK pathway syndromes - is a rare autosomal dominant, multisystem disease caused by a...

 --- maxillofacial abnormalities --- jaw abnormalities --- cleft palate --- micrognathism

Micrognathism

Micrognathism is a condition where the jaw is undersized. It is also sometimes called "Mandibular hypoplasia". It is common in infants, but is usually self-corrected during growth, due to the jaws increasing in size. It may be a cause of abnormal tooth alignment and in severe cases can hamper...

 --- pierre robin syndrome

Pierre Robin syndrome

Pierre Robin Sequence , also known as Pierre Robin Malformation, is a congenital condition of facial abnormalities in humans. PRS is a sequence: a chain of certain developmental malformations, one entailing the next...

 --- prognathism

Prognathism

Prognathism is a term used to describe the positional relationship of the mandible and/or maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes beyond a predetermined imaginary line in the coronal plane of the skull. In general dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery and orthodontics...

 --- retrognathism

Retrognathism

Retrognathia is a type of malocclusion which refers to an abnormal posterior positioning of the maxilla or mandible, particularly the mandible, relative to the facial skeleton and soft tissues....

 --- microcephaly

Microcephaly

Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the circumference of the head is more than two standard deviations smaller than average for the person's age and sex. Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life...

 --- noonan syndrome

Noonan syndrome

Noonan Syndrome is a relatively common autosomal dominant congenital disorder considered to be a type of dwarfism, that affects both males and females equally. It used to be referred to as the male version of Turner's syndrome ; however, the genetic causes of Noonan syndrome and Turner syndrome...

 --- orofaciodigital syndromes --- plagiocephaly, nonsynostotic --- platybasia

Platybasia

Platybasia is a spinal disease of a malformed relationship between the occipital bone and cervical spine.It may be caused by Paget's disease....

 --- rubinstein-taybi syndrome

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome

Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome , also known as broad thumb-hallux syndrome or Rubinstein syndrome, is a condition characterized by short stature, moderate to severe learning difficulties, distinctive facial features, and broad thumbs and first toes. Other features of the disorder vary among affected...

--- limb deformities, congenital

--- ectromelia

Ectromelia

Ectromelia is a congenital condition where long bones are missing or underdeveloped.Examples include:* Amelia* Phocomelia* Hemimelia* Sirenomelia-References:...

 --- lower extremity deformities, congenital --- foot deformities, congenital --- polydactyly

Polydactyly

Polydactyly or polydactylism , also known as hyperdactyly, is a congenital physical anomaly in humans, dogs, and cats having supernumerary fingers or toes....

 --- short rib-polydactyly syndrome

Short rib-polydactyly syndrome

Short rib – polydactyly syndrome is a family of four closely related dysplasias:* I - "Saldino-Noonan type"* II - "Majewski type"* III - "Verma-Naumoff type" * IV - "Beemer-Langer type"-References:...

 --- proteus syndrome

Proteus syndrome

Proteus syndrome, also known as Wiedemann's syndrome , is a congenital disorder that causes skin overgrowth and atypical bone development, often accompanied by tumors over half the body....

 --- syndactyly

Syndactyly

Syndactyly is a condition wherein two or more digits are fused together. It occurs normally in some mammals, such as the siamang and kangaroo, but is an unusual condition in humans.-Classification:...

 --- acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia is the common presentation of craniosynostosis and syndactyly.-Classification:It has several different types:* type 1 - Apert syndrome* type 2 - Apert syndrome* type 3 - Saethre-Chotzen syndrome...

 --- poland syndrome

Poland syndrome

Poland syndrome is a rare birth defect characterized by underdevelopment or absence of the chest muscle on one side of the body and webbing of the fingers of the hand on the same side mostly common on the right...

 --- thanatophoric dysplasia

Thanatophoric dysplasia

Thanatophoric dysplasia is a severe skeletal disorder characterized by extremely short limbs and folds of extra skin on the arms and legs.-Symptoms:Infants with this condition have disproportionately short arms and legs with extra folds of skin...

 --- upper extremity deformities, congenital --- hand deformities, congenital

--- synostosis

Synostosis

Synostosis is the abnormal fusion of neighbor bones. It is a type of dysostosis.Examples of synostoses include: craniosynostosis- being an abnormal fusion of two or more cranial bones, radio-ulnar synostosis- being the abnormal fusion of the radius and ulna bones of the forearm, tarsal coalition -...

--- craniosynostoses --- acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia is the common presentation of craniosynostosis and syndactyly.-Classification:It has several different types:* type 1 - Apert syndrome* type 2 - Apert syndrome* type 3 - Saethre-Chotzen syndrome...

 --- syndactyly

Syndactyly

Syndactyly is a condition wherein two or more digits are fused together. It occurs normally in some mammals, such as the siamang and kangaroo, but is an unusual condition in humans.-Classification:...

 --- acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactylia is the common presentation of craniosynostosis and syndactyly.-Classification:It has several different types:* type 1 - Apert syndrome* type 2 - Apert syndrome* type 3 - Saethre-Chotzen syndrome...

 --- poland syndrome

Poland syndrome

Poland syndrome is a rare birth defect characterized by underdevelopment or absence of the chest muscle on one side of the body and webbing of the fingers of the hand on the same side mostly common on the right...

--- arthritis, rheumatoid

--- arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid --- caplan's syndrome

Caplan's syndrome

Caplan's syndrome is a combination of rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis that manifests as intrapulmonary nodules, which appear homogenous and well-defined on chest X-ray.. The syndrome is named after Dr...

 --- felty's syndrome

Felty's syndrome

Felty's syndrome, also called Felty syndrome, is characterized by the combination of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and neutropenia.-Symptoms:The symptoms of Felty's syndrome are similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis....

 --- rheumatoid nodule

Rheumatoid nodule

A rheumatoid nodule is a local swelling or tissue lump, usually rather firm to touch, like an unripe fruit, which occurs almost exclusively in association with rheumatoid arthritis. Very rarely rheumatoid nodules occur as 'rheumatoid nodulosis' in the absence of arthritis...

 --- sjogren's syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome , also known as "Mikulicz disease" and "Sicca syndrome", is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva....

 --- spondylitis, ankylosing --- still's disease, adult-onset

--- hyperostosis, sternocostoclavicular

--- osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis also known as degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Symptoms may include joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, locking, and sometimes an effusion...

--- osteoarthritis, hip --- osteoarthritis, knee --- spinal osteophytosis

--- rheumatic fever

Rheumatic fever

Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that occurs following a Streptococcus pyogenes infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever. Believed to be caused by antibody cross-reactivity that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain, the illness typically develops two to three weeks after...

--- rheumatic nodule --- wissler's syndrome

Wissler's syndrome

Wissler's syndrome is a rheumatic disease that has a similar presentation to sepsis.It is sometimes considered closely related to Still's disease.It is named for Hans Wissler....