List of Schedule 1 substances (CWC)
Encyclopedia
Schedule 1 substances, in the sense of the Chemical Weapons Convention
, are chemicals which can either be used as chemical weapons themselves or used in the manufacture of chemical weapons and which have no, or very limited, uses outside of chemical warfare.
These may be produced or used for research, medical, pharmaceutical or chemical weapon defence testing (called "protective testing" in the treaty) purposes but production above 100 grams per year must be declared to the OPCW in accordance Part VI of the "Verification Annex". A country is limited to possessing a maximum of 1 tonne of these materials.
They are sub-divided into Part A substances, which are chemicals that can be used directly as weapons, and Part B which are precursors useful in the manufacture of chemical weapons. Examples are mustard
and nerve
agents, and substances which are solely used as precursor chemicals in their manufacture. A few of these chemicals have very small scale non-military applications, for example minute quantities of nitrogen mustard
are used to treat certain cancer
s.
Chemicals which can be used as weapons, or used in their manufacture, but which have legitimate applications as well are listed in Schedule 2 (small-scale applications) and Schedule 3 (large scale applications).
.
Chemical Weapons Convention
The Chemical Weapons Convention is an arms control agreement which outlaws the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons. Its full name is the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction...
, are chemicals which can either be used as chemical weapons themselves or used in the manufacture of chemical weapons and which have no, or very limited, uses outside of chemical warfare.
These may be produced or used for research, medical, pharmaceutical or chemical weapon defence testing (called "protective testing" in the treaty) purposes but production above 100 grams per year must be declared to the OPCW in accordance Part VI of the "Verification Annex". A country is limited to possessing a maximum of 1 tonne of these materials.
They are sub-divided into Part A substances, which are chemicals that can be used directly as weapons, and Part B which are precursors useful in the manufacture of chemical weapons. Examples are mustard
Sulfur mustard
The sulfur mustards, or sulphur mustards, commonly known as mustard gas, are a class of related cytotoxic, vesicant chemical warfare agents with the ability to form large blisters on exposed skin. Pure sulfur mustards are colorless, viscous liquids at room temperature...
and nerve
Nerve agent
Nerve agents are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals that disrupt the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs...
agents, and substances which are solely used as precursor chemicals in their manufacture. A few of these chemicals have very small scale non-military applications, for example minute quantities of nitrogen mustard
Nitrogen mustard
The nitrogen mustards are cytotoxic chemotherapy agents similar to mustard gas. Although their common use is medicinal, in principle these compounds can also be deployed as chemical warfare agents. Nitrogen mustards are nonspecific DNA alkylating agents. Nitrogen mustard gas was stockpiled by...
are used to treat certain cancer
Cancer
Cancer , known medically as a malignant neoplasm, is a large group of different diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the...
s.
Chemicals which can be used as weapons, or used in their manufacture, but which have legitimate applications as well are listed in Schedule 2 (small-scale applications) and Schedule 3 (large scale applications).
Guidelines for Schedule 1
The following criteria shall be taken into account in considering whether a toxic chemical or precursor should be included in Schedule 1:- It has been developed, produced, stockpiled or used as a chemical weapon as defined in Article II;
- It poses otherwise a high risk to the object and purpose of this Convention by virtue of its high potential for use in activities prohibited under this Convention because one or more of the following conditions are met:
- It possesses a chemical structure closely related to that of other toxic chemicals listed in Schedule 1, and has, or can be expected to have, comparable properties;
- It possesses such lethal or incapacitating toxicity as well as other properties that would enable it to be used as a chemical weapon;
- It may be used as a precursor in the final single technological stage of production of a toxic chemical listed in Schedule 1, regardless of whether this stage takes place in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere;
- It has little or no use for purposes not prohibited under this Convention.
Toxic chemicals
- O-Alkyl (
-
- SarinSarinSarin, or GB, is an organophosphorus compound with the formula [2CHO]CH3PF. It is a colorless, odorless liquid, which is used as a chemical weapon. It has been classified as a weapon of mass destruction in UN Resolution 687...
: O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate - SomanSomanSoman, or GD , is an extremely toxic chemical substance. It is a nerve agent, interfering with normal functioning of the mammalian nervous system by inhibiting the cholinesterase enzyme. As a chemical weapon, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations according to UN...
: O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate
- Sarin
- O-Alkyl (
-
- Tabun: O-Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate
.
- O-Alkyl (H or
-
- VXVX (nerve agent)VX, IUPAC name O-ethyl S-[2-ethyl] methylphosphonothioate, is an extremely toxic substance whose only application is in chemical warfare as a nerve agent. As a chemical weapon, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations in UN Resolution 687...
: O-Ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate
- VX
- Sulfur mustards:
-
- 2-Chloroethylchloromethylsulfide
- Mustard gas: Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide
- Bis(2-chloroethylthio)methane
- Sesquimustard: 1,2-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)ethane
- 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-propane
- 1,4-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-butane
- 1,5-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-pentane
- Bis(2-chloroethylthiomethyl)ether
- O-Mustard: Bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl)ether
- Lewisites:
-
- Lewisite 1LewisiteLewisite is an organoarsenic compound, specifically an arsine. It was once manufactured in the U.S. and Japan as a chemical weapon, acting as a vesicant and lung irritant...
: 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine - Lewisite 2: Bis(2-chlorovinyl)chloroarsine
- Lewisite 3: Tris(2-chlorovinyl)arsine
- Lewisite 1
- Nitrogen mustardNitrogen mustardThe nitrogen mustards are cytotoxic chemotherapy agents similar to mustard gas. Although their common use is medicinal, in principle these compounds can also be deployed as chemical warfare agents. Nitrogen mustards are nonspecific DNA alkylating agents. Nitrogen mustard gas was stockpiled by...
s:
-
- HN1: Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamineBis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamineBisethylamine is the organic compound with the formula C2H5N2. Often abbreviated HN1, it is a powerful vesicant and a nitrogen mustard gas used for chemical warfare. HN1 was developed in the 1920s and 1930s to remove warts and later as a military agent...
- HN2: Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine
- HN3: Tris(2-chloroethyl)amineTris(2-chloroethyl)amineTrisamine is the organic compound with the formula N3. Often abbreviated HN3, it is a powerful blister agent and a nitrogen mustard gas used for chemical warfare. HN3 was the last of the nitrogen mustard agents developed...
- HN1: Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine
- SaxitoxinSaxitoxinSaxitoxin is a neurotoxin naturally produced by certain species of marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria Saxitoxin (STX) is a neurotoxin naturally produced by certain species of marine dinoflagellates (Alexandrium sp., Gymnodinium sp., Pyrodinium sp.) and cyanobacteria Saxitoxin (STX) is a...
- RicinRicinRicin , from the castor oil plant Ricinus communis, is a highly toxic, naturally occurring protein. A dose as small as a few grains of salt can kill an adult. The LD50 of ricin is around 22 micrograms per kilogram Ricin , from the castor oil plant Ricinus communis, is a highly toxic, naturally...
Precursors
- Alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphonyldifluorides, e.g.
-
- DFMethylphosphonyl difluorideMethylphosphonyl difluoride , also called methyl difluorophosphite, methylphosphonic difluoride, and difluoromethylphosphine oxide, is a chemical weapon precursor. It is a Schedule 1 substance in the sense of the Chemical Weapons Convention...
: Methylphosphonyl difluoride
- DF
- O-Alkyl (H or
-
- QL: O-Ethyl O-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonite
- ChlorosarinChlorosarinChlorosarin is a chemical precursor used in the final step of one method for the production of the nerve agent Sarin. Also known as O-isopropyl methylphosphonochloridate and isopropyl methylphosphonic chloride, it has a molecular weight of 156.54856 and a molecular formula of C4H10ClO2P.The...
: O-Isopropyl methylphosphonochloridate
- Chlorosoman: O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonochloridate