List of Schedule 3 substances (CWC)
Encyclopedia
Schedule 3 substances, in the sense of the Chemical Weapons Convention
, are chemicals which can either be used as toxic chemical weapons themselves or used in the manufacture of chemical weapons but which also have legitimate large-scale industrial uses.
Plants which manufacture of more than 30 tonnes per year must be declared and can be inspected as per Part VIII of the "Verification Annex", and there are restrictions on export to countries which are not CWC signatories. Examples of these substances are phosgene
, which has been used as a chemical weapon but which is also a precursor in the manufacture of many legitimate organic compounds and triethanolamine
, used in the manufacture of nitrogen mustard but also commonly used in toiletries and detergents.
As with the other schedules, they are sub-divided into Part A substances, which are chemicals that can be used directly as weapons, and Part B which are precursors useful in the manufacture of chemical weapons.
Chemicals which can be used as weapons, or used in their manufacture, but which have no, or almost no, legitimate applications as well are listed in Schedule 1, whilst Schedule 2 is used for chemicals which have legitimate small-scale applications.
Chemical Weapons Convention
The Chemical Weapons Convention is an arms control agreement which outlaws the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons. Its full name is the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction...
, are chemicals which can either be used as toxic chemical weapons themselves or used in the manufacture of chemical weapons but which also have legitimate large-scale industrial uses.
Plants which manufacture of more than 30 tonnes per year must be declared and can be inspected as per Part VIII of the "Verification Annex", and there are restrictions on export to countries which are not CWC signatories. Examples of these substances are phosgene
Phosgene
Phosgene is the chemical compound with the formula COCl2. This colorless gas gained infamy as a chemical weapon during World War I. It is also a valued industrial reagent and building block in synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. In low concentrations, its odor resembles...
, which has been used as a chemical weapon but which is also a precursor in the manufacture of many legitimate organic compounds and triethanolamine
Triethanolamine
Triethanolamine, often abbreviated as TEA, is an organic chemical compound which is both a tertiary amine and a triol. A triol is a molecule with three alcohol groups. Like other amines, triethanolamine is a strong base due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. Triethanolamine can...
, used in the manufacture of nitrogen mustard but also commonly used in toiletries and detergents.
As with the other schedules, they are sub-divided into Part A substances, which are chemicals that can be used directly as weapons, and Part B which are precursors useful in the manufacture of chemical weapons.
Chemicals which can be used as weapons, or used in their manufacture, but which have no, or almost no, legitimate applications as well are listed in Schedule 1, whilst Schedule 2 is used for chemicals which have legitimate small-scale applications.
Guidelines for Schedule 3
The criteria for including a chemical in this schedule is that it is not listed in either of the other two, and:- It has been produced, stockpiled or used as a chemical weapon;
- It poses otherwise a risk to the object and purpose of this Convention because it possesses such lethal or incapacitating toxicity as well as other properties that might enable it to be used as a chemical weapon;
- It poses a risk to the object and purpose of this Convention by virtue of its importance in the production of one or more chemicals listed in Schedule 1 or Schedule 2, part B;
- It may be produced in large commercial quantities for purposes not prohibited under this Convention.
Toxic chemicals
- PhosgenePhosgenePhosgene is the chemical compound with the formula COCl2. This colorless gas gained infamy as a chemical weapon during World War I. It is also a valued industrial reagent and building block in synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. In low concentrations, its odor resembles...
: Carbonyl dichloride - Cyanogen chlorideCyanogen chlorideCyanogen chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula NCCl. This linear, triatomic pseudohalogen is an easily condensed colorless gas. More commonly encountered in the laboratory is the related compound cyanogen bromide, a room-temperature solid that is widely used in biochemical analysis and...
- Hydrogen cyanide
- ChloropicrinChloropicrinChloropicrin, also known as PS, is a chemical compound with the structural formula Cl3CNO2. This colourless highly toxic liquid was once used in chemical warfare and is currently used as a fumigant and nematocide.-History:...
: Trichloronitromethane
Precursors
- Phosphorus oxychloride
- Phosphorus trichloridePhosphorus trichloridePhosphorus trichloride is a chemical compound of phosphorus and chlorine, having chemical formula PCl3. Its shape is trigonal pyramidal. It is the most important of the three phosphorus chlorides. It is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of organophosphorus compounds...
- Phosphorus pentachloride
- Trimethyl phosphiteTrimethyl phosphiteTrimethylphosphite is an organophosphorus compound with the formula P3, often abbreviated P3. This colorless liquid is used as a ligand in organometallic chemistry and as a reagent in organic synthesis...
- Triethyl phosphiteTriethyl phosphiteTriethylphosphite is an organophosphorus compound with the formula P3, often abbreviated P3. This colorless liquid is used as a ligand in organometallic chemistry and as a reagent in organic synthesis...
- Dimethyl phosphite
- Diethyl phosphite
- Sulfur monochloride
- Sulfur dichlorideSulfur dichlorideSulfur dichloride is the chemical compound with the formula SCl2. This cherry-red liquid is the simplest sulfur chloride and one of the most common. It is used as a precursor to organosulfur compounds.-Chlorination of sulfur:...
- Thionyl chlorideThionyl chlorideThionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula SOCl2. It is a reactive chemical reagent used in chlorination reactions. It is a colorless, distillable liquid at room temperature and pressure that decomposes above 140 °C. Thionyl chloride is sometimes confused with sulfuryl...
- Ethyl diethanolamine
- Methyl diethanolamineMethyl diethanolamineMethyl diethanolamine is a clear, colorless or pale yellow liquid with an ammonia odour. It is miscible with water, alcohol and benzene. Methyl diethanolamine is also known as N-Methyl diethanolamine and more commonly as MDEA. It has the formula CH3N 2. MDEA is a tertiary amine and is widely used...
- TriethanolamineTriethanolamineTriethanolamine, often abbreviated as TEA, is an organic chemical compound which is both a tertiary amine and a triol. A triol is a molecule with three alcohol groups. Like other amines, triethanolamine is a strong base due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. Triethanolamine can...