List of carrot diseases
Encyclopedia
Bacterial diseases
| Bacterial diseases |
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|---|---|
| Bacterial leaf blight | Xanthomonas campestris Xanthomonas campestris Xanthomonas campestris is a bacterial species that causes a variety of plant diseases. Available from the NCPPB,and other international Culture collections such as ICMP, ATCC, and LMG in a purified form, it is used in the commercial production of a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide - xanthan... |
| Bacterial soft rot | Erwinia chrysanthemi E. carotovora subsp. carotovora = Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica = Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum |
| Carrot bacteriosis | Xanthomonas campestris Xanthomonas campestris Xanthomonas campestris is a bacterial species that causes a variety of plant diseases. Available from the NCPPB,and other international Culture collections such as ICMP, ATCC, and LMG in a purified form, it is used in the commercial production of a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide - xanthan... pv. carotae |
| Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens Agrobacterium tumefaciens Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the causal agent of crown gall disease in over 140 species of dicot. It is a rod shaped, Gram negative soil bacterium... |
| Hairy root | Agrobacterium rhizogenes Agrobacterium rhizogenes Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a Gram negative soil bacterium that produces hairy root disease in dicotyledonous plants.A... |
| Scab | Streptomyces scabiei = Streptomyces scabi |
Fungal diseases
| Fungal diseases |
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|---|---|
| Alternaria leaf blight | Alternaria dauci Alternaria dauci Alternaria dauci is a plant pathogen. Its English name is carrot leaf blight.- External links :* *... |
| Black root rot | Thielaviopsis basicola Thielaviopsis basicola Thielaviopsis basicola is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Chalara elegans [synanamorph] |
| Black rot (black carrot root dieback) | Alternaria radicina Alternaria radicina Alternaria radicina is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Stemphylium radicinum |
| Blue mold rot (blue green mold) | Penicillium expansum Penicillium expansum Penicillium expansum is a plant pathogen. It is a blue-colored mold responsible for the postharvest decay of stored apples. This mold also produces the carcinogenic metabolite patulin.- External links :* *... |
| Brown rot (Phoma disease) | Leptosphaeria libanotis Leptosphaeria libanotis Leptosphaeria libanotis is a plant pathogen found mainly in Europe. It is the teleomorph stage of the fungus Phoma rostrupii.... Phoma rostrupii [anamorph] |
| Buckshot rot | Typhula Typhula Typhula is a genus of clavarioid fungi in the order Agaricales. Species of Typhula are saprotrophic, mostly decomposing leaves, twigs, and herbaceous material. Basidiocarps are club-shaped or narrowly cylindrical and are simple , often arising from sclerotia. The anamorphic genus Sclerotium is a... spp. |
| Canker | Thanatephorus cucumeris Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani is a plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. This plant pathogen was discovered more than 100 years ago. Rhizoctonia solani frequently exists as thread-like growth on plants or in culture. Asexual spores are not produced, only the sexual stage... [anamorph] |
| Cavity spot | Pythium Pythium Pythium is a genus of parasitic oomycete. Most species are plant parasites, but Pythium insidiosum is an important pathogen of animals... spp. Pythium violae Pythium violae Pythium violae is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the order Cantharellales. Species do not produce spores, but are composed of hyphae and sclerotia and are asexual states of fungi in the genus Thanatephorus. Rhizoctonia species are saprotrophic, but are also facultative plant pathogens, causing... spp. Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani is a plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. This plant pathogen was discovered more than 100 years ago. Rhizoctonia solani frequently exists as thread-like growth on plants or in culture. Asexual spores are not produced, only the sexual stage... |
| Cercospora leaf spot | Cercospora carotae Cercospora carotae Cercospora carotae is a fungal plant pathogen.- External links :**... |
| Cottony rot | Sclerotinia minor Sclerotinia minor Sclerotinia minor is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a plant pathogenic fungus and can cause a disease called white mold if conditions are correct. S. sclerotiorum can also be known as cottony rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, drop, crown rot and blossom blight... |
| Crater rot | Athelia arachnoidea Athelia arachnoidea Athelia arachnoidea is a corticioid fungus in the family Atheliaceae. The species forms thin, white, cobwebby basidiocarps and typically occurs saprotrophically on leaf litter and fallen wood... (anamorph = Fibulorhizoctonia carotae) |
| Crown rot | Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the order Cantharellales. Species do not produce spores, but are composed of hyphae and sclerotia and are asexual states of fungi in the genus Thanatephorus. Rhizoctonia species are saprotrophic, but are also facultative plant pathogens, causing... spp. Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani is a plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. This plant pathogen was discovered more than 100 years ago. Rhizoctonia solani frequently exists as thread-like growth on plants or in culture. Asexual spores are not produced, only the sexual stage... |
| Damping off | Fusarium Fusarium Fusarium is a large genus of filamentous fungi widely distributed in soil and in association with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community. Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health... spp. Pythium Pythium Pythium is a genus of parasitic oomycete. Most species are plant parasites, but Pythium insidiosum is an important pathogen of animals... spp. Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani is a plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. This plant pathogen was discovered more than 100 years ago. Rhizoctonia solani frequently exists as thread-like growth on plants or in culture. Asexual spores are not produced, only the sexual stage... |
| Dieback of carrots | Pythium Pythium Pythium is a genus of parasitic oomycete. Most species are plant parasites, but Pythium insidiosum is an important pathogen of animals... spp. Pythium debaryanum Pythium debaryanum Pythium debaryanum is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... |
| Downy mildew | Plasmopara crustosa Plasmopara nivea Plasmopara nivea Plasmopara nivea is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Forking, brown root | Pythium Pythium Pythium is a genus of parasitic oomycete. Most species are plant parasites, but Pythium insidiosum is an important pathogen of animals... spp. Pythium irregulare Pythium irregulare Pythium irregulare is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... Pythium paroecandrum Pythium paroecandrum Pythium paroecandrum is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Pythium sylvaticum Pythium sylvaticum Pythium sylvaticum is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Fusarium dry rot | Fusarium Fusarium Fusarium is a large genus of filamentous fungi widely distributed in soil and in association with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community. Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health... sp. |
| Gray mold rot | Botryotinia fuckeliana Botrytis cinerea Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes. In viticulture, it is commonly known as botrytis bunch rot; in horticulture, it is usually called grey mould or gray mold.The fungus gives rise to two different kinds of... Botrytis cinerea Botrytis cinerea Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes. In viticulture, it is commonly known as botrytis bunch rot; in horticulture, it is usually called grey mould or gray mold.The fungus gives rise to two different kinds of... [anamorph] |
| Hard rot | Fusarium Fusarium Fusarium is a large genus of filamentous fungi widely distributed in soil and in association with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community. Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health... sp. Gliocladium roseum |
| Lateral root dieback | Pythium Pythium Pythium is a genus of parasitic oomycete. Most species are plant parasites, but Pythium insidiosum is an important pathogen of animals... spp. |
| Leaf rot | Typhula variabilis Typhula variabilis Typhula variabilis is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Leaf spot | Ramularia Ramularia Ramularia is a genus of ascomycete fungi. Its species, which are anamorphs of the genus Mycosphaerella, are plant pathogens.... spp. |
| Licorice rot | Mycocentrospora acerina Mycocentrospora acerina Mycocentrospora acerina is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen, which may attack leaves and roots of carrot, lettuce, caraway, and other vegetables. It may be dispersed for short distances by conidia in soil by rain splash.- External links :... Centrospora acerina Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a plant pathogenic fungus and can cause a disease called white mold if conditions are correct. S. sclerotiorum can also be known as cottony rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, drop, crown rot and blossom blight... Thielaviopsis basicola Thielaviopsis basicola Thielaviopsis basicola is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Typhula Typhula Typhula is a genus of clavarioid fungi in the order Agaricales. Species of Typhula are saprotrophic, mostly decomposing leaves, twigs, and herbaceous material. Basidiocarps are club-shaped or narrowly cylindrical and are simple , often arising from sclerotia. The anamorphic genus Sclerotium is a... spp. |
| Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora megasperma Phytophthora megasperma Phytophthora megasperma is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Pink mold rot | Trichothecium roseum Trichothecium roseum Trichothecium roseum is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Powdery mildew | Erysiphe heraclei Erysiphe heraclei Erysiphe heraclei is a plant pathogen that causes powdery mildew on several species including dill, carrot and parsley.- External links :* *... Erysiphe polygoni Erysiphe umbelliferarum f. dauci |
| Pythium brown rot and forking | Pythium irregulare Pythium irregulare Pythium irregulare is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... Pythium paroecandrum Pythium paroecandrum Pythium paroecandrum is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Pythium sulcatum Pythium sulcatum Pythium sulcatum is a chromalveolate plant pathogen. Because this organism was once thought to be a type of fungus, it is still often treated as such.- External links :* *... Pythium sylvaticum Pythium sylvaticum Pythium sylvaticum is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Pythium root dieback | Pythium Pythium Pythium is a genus of parasitic oomycete. Most species are plant parasites, but Pythium insidiosum is an important pathogen of animals... spp. |
| Rhizoctonia canker | Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani is a plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. This plant pathogen was discovered more than 100 years ago. Rhizoctonia solani frequently exists as thread-like growth on plants or in culture. Asexual spores are not produced, only the sexual stage... |
| Rhizoctonia seedling disease | Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the order Cantharellales. Species do not produce spores, but are composed of hyphae and sclerotia and are asexual states of fungi in the genus Thanatephorus. Rhizoctonia species are saprotrophic, but are also facultative plant pathogens, causing... spp. |
| Rhizopus wooly soft rot | Rhizopus arrhizus Rhizopus arrhizus Rhizopus arrhizus is a fungus of the family Mucoraceae, characterized by sporangiophores that arise from nodes at the point where the rhizoids are formed and by a hemispherical columella... Rhizopus nigricans Rhizopus nigricans Rhizopus nigricans is a fungus commonly known as bread mold and is the most common species of Rhizopus. It is found on old food and in soils and even in children's sandboxes. The genus contains some 50 species and bread mold is sometimes confused with species of Mucor or other species of Rhizopus... |
| Root canker | Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the order Cantharellales. Species do not produce spores, but are composed of hyphae and sclerotia and are asexual states of fungi in the genus Thanatephorus. Rhizoctonia species are saprotrophic, but are also facultative plant pathogens, causing... spp. |
| Root dieback | Pythium Pythium Pythium is a genus of parasitic oomycete. Most species are plant parasites, but Pythium insidiosum is an important pathogen of animals... spp. |
| Root rot | Fusarium Fusarium Fusarium is a large genus of filamentous fungi widely distributed in soil and in association with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community. Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health... spp. Fusarium culmorum Fusarium culmorum Fusarium culmorum is a plant pathogen and the causal agent of seedling blight, foot rot, ear blight, stalk rot, common root rot and other diseases of cereals, grasses, and a wide variety of monocots and dicots. In coastal dunegrass , F. culmorum is a non-pathogenic symbiont conferring both salt... Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the order Cantharellales. Species do not produce spores, but are composed of hyphae and sclerotia and are asexual states of fungi in the genus Thanatephorus. Rhizoctonia species are saprotrophic, but are also facultative plant pathogens, causing... spp. Sclerotium rolfsii |
| Phymatotrichum root rot (cotton root rot) | Phymatotrichopsis omnivora Phymatotrichum omnivorum |
| Rubbery brown rot | Phytophthora cactorum Phytophthora cactorum Phytophthora cactorum is a plant pathogen that causes root rot on rhododendron and many other species.- External links :* *... P. megasperma Phytophthora megasperma Phytophthora megasperma is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Rubbery slate rot | Pythium debaryanum Pythium debaryanum Pythium debaryanum is a plant pathogen.- External links :**... |
| Rust | Aecidium foeniculi Aecidium foeniculi Aecidium foeniculi is a species of fungus in the Pucciniales order. It is a plant pathogen.... Uromyces graminis Uromyces graminis Uromyces graminis is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Uromyces lineolatus subsp. nearcticus Uromyces lineolatus subsp. nearcticus Uromyces lineolatus subsp. nearcticus is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Uromyces scirpi |
| Rusty root | Pythium Pythium Pythium is a genus of parasitic oomycete. Most species are plant parasites, but Pythium insidiosum is an important pathogen of animals... spp. Olpidium brassicae Olpidium brassicae Olpidium brassicae is a plant pathogen. In 1983, the Alsike, Alberta area's clover was struck by a fungus epidemic of Olpidium brassicae, previously not seen in Canada.- External links :* *... , as vector, tobacco necrosis virus |
| Sclerotinia rot | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a plant pathogenic fungus and can cause a disease called white mold if conditions are correct. S. sclerotiorum can also be known as cottony rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, drop, crown rot and blossom blight... Sclerotinia minor Sclerotinia minor Sclerotinia minor is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Seed mold | Alternaria alternata Alternaria alternata Alternaria alternata has been recorded causing leaf spot and other diseases on over 380 host species. It is opportunistic pathogen on numerous hosts causing leaf spots, rots and blights on many plant parts... Gibberella fujikuroi Gibberella fujikuroi Gibberella fujikuroi is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes bakanae disease in rice seedlings, by overloading them with the phytohormone gibberellin as its own metabolic byproduct.- External links :* * *... Fusarium moniliforme [anamorph] |
| Sooty rot | Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger is a fungus and one of the most common species of the genus Aspergillus. It causes a disease called black mold on certain fruits and vegetables such as grapes, onions, and peanuts, and is a common contaminant of food... |
| Sour rot | Geotrichum candidum Geotrichum candidum Geotrichum candidum is a Fungi or mold that can act as a plant pathogen causing sour rot on peach, nectarine, tomato and carrot. It is also widely used in the production of many dairy products including many natural rind cheeses such as Camembert and other bloomy rind cheese, Saint-Nectaire, Tomme... |
| Southern blight | Athelia rolfsii Athelia rolfsii Athelia rolfsii is a corticioid fungus in the family Atheliaceae. It is a facultative plant pathogen and is the causal agent of "southern blight" disease in crops.-Taxonomy:... Sclerotium rolfsii [anamorph] |
| Stem spot | Diaporthe arctii Diaporthe arctii Diaporthe arctii is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... |
| Tip rot | Numerous pathogens |
| Umbel blight | Colletotrichum gloeosporioides |
| Violet root rot | Helicobasidium brebissonii Helicobasidium brebissonii Helicobasidium purpureum is a plant pathogen. It contains 3 variations.-Variations:*Helicobasidium purpureum var. barlae Bres. 1909*Helicobasidium purpureum var. orientalePat. 1920*Helicobasidium purpureum var. purpureum Pat. 1885... Helicobasidium purpureum Rhizoctonia crocorum [anamorph] |
| Watery soft rot | Sclerotinia minor Sclerotinia minor Sclerotinia minor is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *... Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a plant pathogenic fungus and can cause a disease called white mold if conditions are correct. S. sclerotiorum can also be known as cottony rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, drop, crown rot and blossom blight... Sclerotium rolfsii Botrytis cinerea Botrytis cinerea Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes. In viticulture, it is commonly known as botrytis bunch rot; in horticulture, it is usually called grey mould or gray mold.The fungus gives rise to two different kinds of... |
Nematodes, parasitic
| Nematodes, parasitic |
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|---|---|
| Cyst nematode | Heterodera carotae Heterodera carotae Heterodera carotae, is a plant pathogenic nematode commonly known as the carrot root nematode or carrot cyst nematode. It is found in Europe, Cyprus and India and is considered an invasive species in the United States... |
| Lance nematode | Hoplolaimus uniformis Hoplolaimus uniformis Hoplolaimus uniformis is a plant pathogenic nematode.... |
| Lesion nematode | Pratylenchus penetrans Pratylenchus penetrans Pratylenchus penetrans is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*... Pratylenchus Pratylenchus Pratylenchus is a genus of plant-parasitic nematodes responsible for root lesions on many plant hosts in temperate regions around the world. Lesion nematodes are migratory endoparasites that enter the host root for feeding and reproduction and move freely through or out of the root tissue. They do... spp. |
| Root knot | Meloidogyne hapla |
| Sting nematode | Belonolaimus longicaudatus Belonolaimus longicaudatus Belonolaimus longicaudatus is a common parasite of grasses and other plant crops and products. It is the most destructive nematode pest of turf grass, and it also attacks a wide range of fruit, vegetable, and fiber crops such as citrus, cotton, ornamentals, and forage. The sting nematode is a... |
Virus and viroid diseases
| diseases |
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| Alfalfa mosaic | genus Alfamovirus, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) Alfalfa mosaic virus Alfalfa mosaic virus , also known as Lucerne mosaic virus or Potato calico virus, is a worldwide distributed phytopathogen that can lead to necrosis and yellow mosaics on a large variety of plant species, including commercially important crops. It is the only Alfamovirus of the Bromoviridae... |
| Carrot latent | genus Nucleorhabdovirus, Carrot latent virus Carrot latent virus Carrot latent virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Rhabdoviridae.-External links:**... (CtLtV) |
| Carrot mottle | genus Umbravirus Umbravirus The genus Umbravirus includes plant viruses. The genus has not yet been assigned to a family but it is closely allied to the Tombusviridae.Umbraviruses do not encode their own coat protein, but use the coat proteins of 'assistor viruses' from the family Luteoviridae to produce virions, allowing... , Carrot mottle virus Carrot mottle virus Carrot mottle virus is a pathogenic plant virus.-External links:**... (CMoV) |
| Carrot red leaf | genus Luteovirus Luteovirus Luteovirus is one of three genera in the luteoviridae family whose primary hosts are plants. The genera also contains the polerovirus and enamovirus. The geographical distribution of luteovirus is widespread, with the virus primarily infecting plants via transmission by aphid vectors. The virus... , Carrot red leaf virus Carrot red leaf virus Carrot red leaf virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Luteoviridae.-External links:**... (CaRLV) |
| Carrot thin leaf | genus Potyvirus Potyvirus Potyviruses infect plants and belong to the family Potyviridae. The genus is named after the type virus - Potato Virus Y.The Potyvirus, like the Begomoviruses, have ~30% of the currently known plant viruses and have at least 180 definitive and possible members... , Carrot thin leaf virus Carrot thin leaf virus Carrot thin leaf virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae.-External links:**... (CTLV) |
| Carrot yellow leaf | Carrot yellow leaf virus Carrot yellow leaf virus Carrot yellow leaf virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Closteroviridae.-External links:**... (CYLV) |
| Celery mosaic | genus Potyvirus Potyvirus Potyviruses infect plants and belong to the family Potyviridae. The genus is named after the type virus - Potato Virus Y.The Potyvirus, like the Begomoviruses, have ~30% of the currently known plant viruses and have at least 180 definitive and possible members... , Celery mosaic virus Celery mosaic virus Celery mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae .In California , mosaic diseases of celery were reported as early as 1922... (CeMV) |
| Cucumber mosaic | genus Cucumovirus Cucumovirus Cucumovirus is a genus of virus that infects plants. It is a member of the Bromoviridae family. It contains three described species, the cucumber mosaic virus, peanut stunt virus and tomato aspermy virus.... , Cucumber mosaic virus Cucumber mosaic virus Cucumber mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the family Bromoviridae.It is the type member of the plant virus genus, Cucumovirus. This virus has a worldwide distribution and a very wide host range. In fact it has the reputation of having the widest host range of any known plant virus... (CMV) |
| Curly top | genus Hybrigeminivirus, Beet curly top virus Beet curly top virus Beet curly top virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Geminiviridae.-External links:**... (BCTV) |
| Motley dwarf | genus Luteovirus Luteovirus Luteovirus is one of three genera in the luteoviridae family whose primary hosts are plants. The genera also contains the polerovirus and enamovirus. The geographical distribution of luteovirus is widespread, with the virus primarily infecting plants via transmission by aphid vectors. The virus... , Carrot red leaf virus Carrot red leaf virus Carrot red leaf virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Luteoviridae.-External links:**... (CaRLV) genus Umbravirus Umbravirus The genus Umbravirus includes plant viruses. The genus has not yet been assigned to a family but it is closely allied to the Tombusviridae.Umbraviruses do not encode their own coat protein, but use the coat proteins of 'assistor viruses' from the family Luteoviridae to produce virions, allowing... , Carrot mottle virus Carrot mottle virus Carrot mottle virus is a pathogenic plant virus.-External links:**... (CMoV) |
Phytoplasmal and spiroplasmal diseases
| Phytoplasmal and spiroplasmal diseases |
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| Aster yellows | Aster yellows phytoplasma Aster yellows Aster yellows is a chronic, systemic plant disease caused by a bacterium-like organism called a phytoplasma. The aster yellows phytoplasma affects 300 species in 38 families of broad-leaf herbaceous plants, primarily in the aster family. Symptoms are variable and can include phyllody, virescence,... |
Miscellaneous diseases and disorders
| Miscellaneous diseases and disorders |
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|---|---|
| Crown rot disorder | No specific pathogen associated with this disorder |
| Heat canker | High soil surface temperature |
| Hollow black heart | Boron deficiency |
| Ozone injury | Ozone pollution |
| Root scab | Physiological |
| Speckled carrot | No pathogen; genetic disorder |