List of deadly fungi
Encyclopedia
Although many people have a fear of mushroom poisoning by "toadstools", only a small number of the many macroscopic fruiting bodies commonly known as mushrooms and toadstools have proven fatal to humans.
| Deadly Fungi | ||||||
| Fungi with significant risk of death if consumed | ||||||
| Scientific name | Common name | Active Agent | Toxicity | Habitat | Similar edible species | Picture |
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| Amanita abrupta Amanita abrupta Amanita abrupta, commonly known as the abrupt-bulbed Lepidella, is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family of mushrooms. Named for the characteristic shape of its fruit bodies, this white Amanita has a slender stem, a cap covered with conical white warts, and an "abruptly enlarged" swollen base... Peck Charles Horton Peck Charles Horton Peck, born March 30, 1833 in Sand Lake, New York, died 1917 in Albany, New York, was an American mycologist of the 19th and early 20th centuries... |
abrupt-bulbed Lepidella | non-protein Proteinogenic amino acid Proteinogenic amino acids are those amino acids that can be found in proteins and require cellular machinery coded for in the genetic code of any organism for their isolated production. There are 22 standard amino acids, but only 21 are found in eukaryotes. Of the 22, 20 are directly encoded by... amino acids |
liver | Mixed woodlands, eastern North America and eastern Asia |  |
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| Amanita arocheae Amanita arocheae Amanita arocheae, also known as the Latin American death cap is a mushroom of the large genus Amanita, which occurs in Central and South America. Deadly poisonous, it is a member of section phalloideae and related to the death cap A. phalloides. It is named after mycologist R. M. Aroche.It is... Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling |
Latin American death cap | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Woodland (oak) Mexico Mexico The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of... |
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| Amanita bisporigera Amanita bisporigera Amanita bisporigera is a deadly poisonous species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family. It is commonly known as the eastern North American destroying angel or the destroying angel, although it shares this latter name with three other lethal white Amanita species, A. ocreata, A. verna and... G. F. Atk. |
Eastern North American destroying angel | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Woodland (pine and oak) Eastern North America |
Agaricus silvicola Agaricus silvicola Agaricus silvicola, also known as the Wood Mushroom is a species of Agaricus mushroom related to the button mushroom.- Description :... , Volvariella volvacea Volvariella volvacea Volvariella volvacea is a species of edible mushroom cultivated throughout East and Southeast Asia and used extensively in Asian cuisines. In Chinese, they are called cǎogū Volvariella volvacea (also known as straw mushroom or paddy straw mushroom; syn. Volvaria volvacea, Agaricus volvaceus,... |
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| Amanita exitialis Amanita exitialis Amanita exitialis, also known as the Guangzhou destroying angel, is a mushroom of the large genus Amanita. It is distributed in eastern Asia, and probably also in India where it has been misidentified as A. verna. Deadly poisonous, it is a member of section Phalloideae and related to the death... Zhu L. Yang & T.H. Li |
Guangzhou destroying angel | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Deciduous woodland Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province... province, China; India |
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| Amanita magnivelaris Amanita magnivelaris Amanita magnivelaris, commonly known as the great felt skirt destroying angel, is a poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita. Originally described from Ithaca, New York, by Charles Horton Peck, it is found in New York state and southeastern Canada.-See also:*List of Amanita... Peck |
Great felt skirt destroying angel | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | North America, Guatemala | ||
| Amanita ocreata Amanita ocreata Amanita ocreata, commonly known as the death angel, destroying angel, angel of death or more precisely Western North American destroying angel, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita. Occurring in the Pacific Northwest and California floristic provinces of... Peck |
Western North American destroying angel (also known as Medusoid Mycelulem) | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Woodland (oak) Pacific Northwest Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest is a region in northwestern North America, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Definitions of the region vary and there is no commonly agreed upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common concept of the... North America |
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| Amanita phalloides (Vaill. Sébastien Vaillant Sébastien Vaillant was a French botanist.Vaillant was born at Vigny, Val d'Oise. He studied medicine at Pontoise, and then moved to Paris to practice as a surgeon, where he studied botany at the Jardin des Plantes under Joseph Pitton de Tournefort.Vaillant was appointed to the staff of the Jardin... ex Fr. Elias Magnus Fries -External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*... ) Link Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link was a German naturalist and botanist.Link was born at Hildesheim as a son of the minister August Heinrich Link , who taught him the love for nature through collection of 'natural objects'... |
death cap | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s and phallotoxins Phallotoxin The phallotoxins consist of at least seven compounds, all of which are bicyclic heptapeptides , isolated from the death cap . Phalloidin had been isolated in 1937 by Feodor Lynen, Heinrich Wieland's student and son-in-law, and Ulrich Wieland of the University of Munich... |
liver | Woodland (various) Europe, North Africa, North America, Australia (SE), New Zealand |
Volvariella volvacea Volvariella volvacea Volvariella volvacea is a species of edible mushroom cultivated throughout East and Southeast Asia and used extensively in Asian cuisines. In Chinese, they are called cǎogū Volvariella volvacea (also known as straw mushroom or paddy straw mushroom; syn. Volvaria volvacea, Agaricus volvaceus,... , Russula virescens Russula virescens Russula virescens is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Russula, and is commonly known as the green-cracking Russula, the quilted green Russula, or the green brittlegill. It can be recognized by its distinctive pale green cap covered with darker green patches, its crowded white gills, and its... Amanita lanei Amanita lanei Amanita lanei , also known as coccora or coccoli, is a white-spored mushroom that fruits naturally in the coastal forests of the western United States during the fall and winter... Tricholoma equestre Tricholoma equestre Tricholoma equestre or Tricholoma flavovirens, also known as Man on horseback or Yellow knight is a formerly widely eaten but hazardous fungus of the Tricholoma genus that forms ectomycorrhiza with pine trees.... , Agaricus campestris Agaricus campestris Agaricus campestris is commonly known as the field mushroom or, in North America, meadow mushroom. It is a widely eaten gilled mushroom closely related to the cultivated button mushroom Agaricus bisporus.-Taxonomy:... |
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| Amanita smithiana Amanita smithiana Amanita smithiana, also known as Smith's Amanita, is a species of agaric found on soil in coniferous and broadleaved woodland in the Pacific Northwest of North America... Bas |
unknown | kidney | Woodland Japan and Pacific Northwest Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest is a region in northwestern North America, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Definitions of the region vary and there is no commonly agreed upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common concept of the... |
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| Amanita subjunquillea Amanita subjunquillea Amanita subjunquillea, also known as the East Asian death cap is a mushroom of the large genus Amanita, which occurs in East and Southeast Asia. Deadly poisonous, it is a member of section phalloideae and related to the death cap A. phalloides.Initially little reported, the toxicity of A... S. Imai |
East Asian death cap | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Woodland East and Southeast Asia, Japan, India |
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| Amanita verna Amanita verna Amanita verna, commonly known as the fool's mushroom, Destroying angel or the mushroom fool, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita. Occurring in Europe in spring, A. verna associates with various deciduous and coniferous trees... (Bull. Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard was a French physician and botanist.... : Fr. Elias Magnus Fries -External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*... ) Lam. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de la Marck , often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist... |
fools mushroom | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Woodland (various) Europe |
Agaricus arvensis Agaricus arvensis Agaricus arvensis, commonly known as the Horse Mushroom, is a mushroom of the genus Agaricus.-Taxonomy:Described as Agaricus arvensis by Jacob Christian Schaeffer in 1762, and given numerous binomial descriptions since. Its present name arvensis means 'of the field'.-Description:The cap is similar... Agaricus campestris Agaricus campestris Agaricus campestris is commonly known as the field mushroom or, in North America, meadow mushroom. It is a widely eaten gilled mushroom closely related to the cultivated button mushroom Agaricus bisporus.-Taxonomy:... Lycoperdon Lycoperdon Lycoperdon is a genus of puffball mushrooms. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 50 species. In general, it contains the smaller species such as the pear shaped puffball and the gem studded puffball. Most of the time they grow from dead wood and if they grow through the... spp. |
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| Amanita virosa Amanita virosa Amanita virosa, commonly known as the European destroying angel, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita. Occurring in Europe, A. virosa associates with various deciduous and coniferous trees... (Fr. Elias Magnus Fries -External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*... ) Bertillon |
European destroying angel | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Woodland (various) Europe |
Agaricus arvensis Agaricus arvensis Agaricus arvensis, commonly known as the Horse Mushroom, is a mushroom of the genus Agaricus.-Taxonomy:Described as Agaricus arvensis by Jacob Christian Schaeffer in 1762, and given numerous binomial descriptions since. Its present name arvensis means 'of the field'.-Description:The cap is similar... Agaricus campestris Agaricus campestris Agaricus campestris is commonly known as the field mushroom or, in North America, meadow mushroom. It is a widely eaten gilled mushroom closely related to the cultivated button mushroom Agaricus bisporus.-Taxonomy:... Lycoperdon Lycoperdon Lycoperdon is a genus of puffball mushrooms. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 50 species. In general, it contains the smaller species such as the pear shaped puffball and the gem studded puffball. Most of the time they grow from dead wood and if they grow through the... spp. |
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| Clitocybe dealbata Clitocybe dealbata Clitocybe dealbata, also known as the ivory funnel, is a small white funnel-shaped toadstool widely found in lawns, meadows and other grassy areas in Europe and North America. Also known as the sweating mushroom, it derives this name from the symptoms of poisoning... (Sowerby James Sowerby James Sowerby was an English naturalist and illustrator. Contributions to published works, such as A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland or English Botany, include his detailed and appealing plates... ) Gillet Claude Casimir Gillet Claude Casimir Gillet, born 19 May 1806, died 1896, was a French botanist and mycologist. He initially trained as a medical doctor and veterinarian.-Publications:* Claude-Casimir Gillet, * Claude-Casimir Gillet, , 230 pp... |
ivory funnel | muscarine Muscarine Muscarine, L--muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in Inocybe and Clitocybe species, such as the deadly C. dealbata. Mushrooms in the genera Entoloma and Mycena have also been found to contain levels of muscarine which can be dangerous if ingested... |
CNS | grassland Europe, North America |
Marasmius oreades Marasmius oreades Marasmius oreades is also known as the scotch bonnet or fairy ring mushroom. The latter name tends to cause some confusion, as many other mushrooms grown in fairy rings .-Distribution and habitat:Marasmius oreades grows extensively throughout North America... |
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| Clitocybe rivulosa Clitocybe rivulosa Clitocybe rivulosa, commonly known as the false champignon or fool's funnel, is a poisonous basidiomycete fungus of the large genus Clitocybe. One of several species similar in appearance, it is a small white funnel-shaped toadstool widely found in lawns, meadows and other grassy areas in Europe... (Pers. Christian Hendrik Persoon Christiaan Hendrik Persoon was a mycologist who made additions to Linnaeus' mushroom taxonomy.-Early life:... ) P. Kumm. Paul Kummer Paul Kummer was a priest, teacher, and scientist in Zerbst, Germany, known chiefly for his contribution to mycological nomenclature. Earlier classification of agarics by pioneering fungal taxonomist Elias Magnus Fries designated only a very small number of genera, with most species falling into... |
false champignon | muscarine Muscarine Muscarine, L--muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in Inocybe and Clitocybe species, such as the deadly C. dealbata. Mushrooms in the genera Entoloma and Mycena have also been found to contain levels of muscarine which can be dangerous if ingested... |
CNS | grassland Europe, North America |
Marasmius oreades Marasmius oreades Marasmius oreades is also known as the scotch bonnet or fairy ring mushroom. The latter name tends to cause some confusion, as many other mushrooms grown in fairy rings .-Distribution and habitat:Marasmius oreades grows extensively throughout North America... |
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| Conocybe filaris Conocybe filaris Conocybe filaris is a common lawn mushroom which is widely distributed and especially common in the pacific northwest. It contains the same mycotoxins as the death cap. It is also known as Pholiotina filaris.- Description :... (Fries Elias Magnus Fries -External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*... ) Kühner Robert Kühner Robert Kühner, born Paris 15 March 1903, died Lyon 27 February 1996, was a French mycologist most notable for reviewing many agaric genera.-References:... |
amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | grassland, lawns North America |
Psilocybe Psilocybe Psilocybe is a genus of small mushrooms growing worldwide. This genus is best known for its species with psychedelic or hallucinogenic properties, widely known as "magic mushrooms", though the majority of species do not contain hallucinogenic compounds... spp. |
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| Cortinarius gentilis Cortinarius gentilis Cortinarius gentilis is a deadly fungus of the genus Cortinarius, normally found in North America and Europe.... (Fr.) Fr. |
orellanine Orellanine Orellanine or Orellanin is a pyridine N-oxide and a crystalline alkaloid that is found naturally in some lifeforms, specifically certain fungi. It is also a mycotoxin. It has been found in at least five species of mushrooms in the Cortinariaceae family.... |
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| Cortinarius orellanus Fries Elias Magnus Fries -External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*... |
Fool's webcap | orellanine Orellanine Orellanine or Orellanin is a pyridine N-oxide and a crystalline alkaloid that is found naturally in some lifeforms, specifically certain fungi. It is also a mycotoxin. It has been found in at least five species of mushrooms in the Cortinariaceae family.... |
kidney | Coniferous woodland Northern Europe |
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| Cortinarius rubellus Cooke Mordecai Cubitt Cooke Mordecai Cubitt Cooke was an English botanist and mycologist.Cooke came from a mercantile family in Horning, Norfolk, and worked as an apprentice to a fabric merchant before becoming a clerk in a law firm, but his chief interest was in botany. He founded the Society of Amateur Botanists in 1862... |
deadly webcap | orellanine Orellanine Orellanine or Orellanin is a pyridine N-oxide and a crystalline alkaloid that is found naturally in some lifeforms, specifically certain fungi. It is also a mycotoxin. It has been found in at least five species of mushrooms in the Cortinariaceae family.... |
kidney | Coniferous woodland Northern Europe |
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| Cortinarius splendens Rob. Henry |
splendid webcap, yellow clubbed foot | orellanine Orellanine Orellanine or Orellanin is a pyridine N-oxide and a crystalline alkaloid that is found naturally in some lifeforms, specifically certain fungi. It is also a mycotoxin. It has been found in at least five species of mushrooms in the Cortinariaceae family.... |
kidney | |||
| Galerina marginata Galerina marginata Galerina marginata is a species of poisonous fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae of the order Agaricales. Prior to 2001, the species G. autumnalis, G. oregonensis, G. unicolor, and G. venenata were thought to be separate due to differences in habitat and the viscidity of their... (Batsch August Batsch Dr August Johann Georg Karl Batsch was a German naturalist. He was a recognised authority on mushrooms, and also described new species of ferns, bryophytes, and seed plants.- Life and career :... ) Kühner |
autumn skullcap | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Kuehneromyces mutabilis Kuehneromyces mutabilis Kuehneromyces mutabilis , commonly known as the Sheathed Woodtuft, is an edible fungus which grows in clumps on tree stumps or other dead wood. A few other species have been described in the genus Kuehneromyces, but K... |
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| Galerina sulciceps Galerina sulciceps Galerina sulciceps is a dangerously toxic species of fungus in the family Strophariaceae, of the order Agaricales. It is distributed in tropical Indonesia and India, but has reportedly been found fruiting in European greenhouses on occasion... (Batsch) Kühner |
amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Indonesia | |||
| Gyromitra esculenta (Pers. Christian Hendrik Persoon Christiaan Hendrik Persoon was a mycologist who made additions to Linnaeus' mushroom taxonomy.-Early life:... ex Pers. Christian Hendrik Persoon Christiaan Hendrik Persoon was a mycologist who made additions to Linnaeus' mushroom taxonomy.-Early life:... ) Fr. Elias Magnus Fries -External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*... |
false morel | MMH Monomethylhydrazine Monomethylhydrazine is a volatile hydrazine chemical with the chemical formula CH3 NH2. It is used as a rocket propellant in bipropellant rocket engines because it is hypergolic with various oxidizers such as nitrogen tetroxide and nitric acid... |
liver | Coniferous woodland Northern latitudes |
Morchella spp. |  |
| Inocybe erubescens A. Blytt Axel Gudbrand Blytt Axel Gudbrand Blytt was a Norwegian botanist and geologist. His father was Matthias Numsen Blytt, also a botanist. Axel Blytt served at the Christiania Herbarium at the University of Oslo from 1865, first as a conservator, then, from 1880, as a professor... |
red-staining inocybe (prev. I. patouillardii) |
muscarine Muscarine Muscarine, L--muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in Inocybe and Clitocybe species, such as the deadly C. dealbata. Mushrooms in the genera Entoloma and Mycena have also been found to contain levels of muscarine which can be dangerous if ingested... |
CNS | Deciduous woodland (beech) Europe |
Calocybe gambosa, Agaricus Agaricus Agaricus is a large and important genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species, with possibly over 300 members worldwide... spp., Cortinarius caperatus Cortinarius caperatus Cortinarius caperatus, commonly known as the gypsy mushroom, is a highly esteemed edible mushroom of the genus Cortinarius found in northern regions of Europe and North America. It was known as Rozites caperata for many years, before genetic studies revealed it lay within the large genus Cortinarius... |
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| Lepiota brunneoincarnata Lepiota brunneoincarnata Lepiota brunneoincarnata, also known as the deadly dapperling, is a gilled mushroom of the genus Lepiota in the order Agaricales. It is known to contain amatoxins and consuming this fungus can be a potentially lethal proposition.... Chodat & C. Martín |
deadly dapperling | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Coniferous woodland Europe |
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| Lepiota helveola Lepiota helveola Lepiota helveola is a gilled mushroom of the genus Lepiota in the order Agaricales. It is known to contain amatoxins and consuming this fungus can be a potentially lethal proposition. It was described by Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola in 1882.... Bres. Giacomo Bresadola Giacomo Bresadola 14 February 1847 – Trento 9 June 1929) was an eminent Italian mycologist. Fungi he named include the deadly Lepiota helveola and Inocybe patouillardii, though the latter is now known as Inocybe erubescens as this latter description predated Bresadola's by a year... |
amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Coniferous woodland Europe |
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| Lepiota castanea Lepiota castanea Lepiota castanea, commonly known as the chestnut dapperling, is a dangerously poisonous, uncommon, gilled mushroom of the genus Lepiota in the order Agaricales. It is known to contain amatoxins and consuming this fungus can be a potentially lethal proposition. It was described by French mycologist... Quél Lucien Quélet thumb|Lucien QuéletLucien Quélet was a French mycologist and naturalist who discovered several species and was the founder of the Société mycologique de France, a society devoted to mycological studies.... |
chestnut dapperling | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Coniferous woodland Europe |
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| Lepiota josserandi |
deadly parasol | amatoxin Amatoxin Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species.-Structure:The compounds have a similar... s |
liver | Coniferous woodland North America |
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| Lepiota xanthophylla P.D. Orton |
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| Podostroma cornu-damae Podostroma cornu-damae Podostroma cornu-damae is a species of fungus in the Hypocreaceae family. The fruit bodies of the fungus are highly toxic, and have been responsible for several fatalities in Japan... (Patouillard Narcisse Théophile Patouillard Narcisse Théophile Patouillard was a French pharmacist and mycologist.He was born in Macornay, a town in the department of Jura... ) Hongo Tsuguo Hongo was a Japanese mycologist who specialized in the biogeography and taxonomy of Agaricales.Hongo entered the Department of Biology at what is now Hiroshima University in 1943, where he studied botany until graduating in 1946 with a B.Sc.... & Izawa |
mycotoxin Mycotoxin A mycotoxin is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of the fungus kingdom, commonly known as molds. The term ‘mycotoxin’ is usually reserved for the toxic chemical products produced by fungi that readily colonize crops... s |
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| Fungi where isolated deaths have been reported | ||||||
| Scientific name | Common name | Active Agent | Toxicity | Habitat | Similar edible species | Picture |
| Boletus pulcherrimus Boletus pulcherrimus Boletus pulcherrimus, commonly known as Alice Eastwood's boletus or the red-pored bolete, is a species of mushroom in the Boletaceae family. It is a large bolete from Western North America with distinguishing features that include a finely netted surface on the upper third of the stem, a red to... Fr. Elias Magnus Fries -External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*... |
Muscarine Muscarine Muscarine, L--muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in Inocybe and Clitocybe species, such as the deadly C. dealbata. Mushrooms in the genera Entoloma and Mycena have also been found to contain levels of muscarine which can be dangerous if ingested... |
severe gastrointestinal | Woodland Western North America |
Boletus Boletus Boletus is a genus of mushroom, comprising over 100 species. The genus Boletus was originally broadly defined and described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1821, essentially containing all fungi with pores... spp. |
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| Entoloma sinuatum Entoloma sinuatum Entoloma sinuatum is a poisonous mushroom found across Europe and North America. Some guidebooks refer to it by its older scientific names of Entoloma lividum or Rhodophyllus sinuatus... (Bull. Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard was a French physician and botanist.... ) P. Kumm. |
unknown | severe gastrointestinal | Deciduous woodland North America, Europe |
Clitopilus prunulus Clitopilus prunulus Clitopilus prunulus, commonly known as the miller or the sweetbread mushroom, is an edible pink-spored basidiomycete mushroom found in grasslands in Europe. It has a grey to white cap and decurrent gills.-Description:... Calocybe gambosa |
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| Hypholoma fasciculare Hypholoma fasciculare Hypholoma fasciculare, commonly known as the sulphur tuft, sulfur tuft or clustered woodlover, is a common woodland mushroom, often in evidence when hardly any other mushrooms are to be found... (Huds.:Fr. Elias Magnus Fries -External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*... ) P. Kumm. Paul Kummer Paul Kummer was a priest, teacher, and scientist in Zerbst, Germany, known chiefly for his contribution to mycological nomenclature. Earlier classification of agarics by pioneering fungal taxonomist Elias Magnus Fries designated only a very small number of genera, with most species falling into... |
sulfur tuft | fasciculol | severe gastrointestinal | Woodland Western North America |
Armillaria mellea Armillaria mellea Armillaria mellea is a plant pathogen and a species of Honey fungus. It causes Armillaria root rot in many plant species. The mushrooms are edible but some people may be intolerant to them. The fungus produces mushrooms around the base of trees it has infected... Hypholoma capnoides Hypholoma capnoides Hypholoma capnoides is an edible mushroom which like its poisonous or suspect relatives H. fasciculare and H. sublateritium grows on decaying wood, for example in tufts on old tree stumps. Anyone thinking to eat this mushroom needs to be able to distinguish it from Sulphur Tuft, which is more... |
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| Lactarius torminosus Lactarius torminosus Lactarius torminosus, commonly known as the woolly milkcap or the bearded milkcap, is a large basidiomycete fungus in the genus Lactarius. It is found in the United Kingdom, Northern Europe, and is common in North America, where it grows in mixed forests in a mycorrhizal association with various... (Schaeff. Jacob Christian Schäffer Jakob or Jacob Christian Gottlieb Schäffer or Schäffern was a German dean, professor, botanist, mycologist, entomologist, ornithologist and inventor.-Biography:... ) Gray |
woolly milk-cap | unknown | severe gastrointestinal | Woodland Northern Europe |
Lactarius deliciosus Lactarius deliciosus Lactarius deliciosus, commonly known as the Saffron milk cap, Red pine mushroom, is one of the best known members of the large milk-cap genus Lactarius in the order Russulales... |
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| Lepiota subincarnata Lepiota subincarnata Lepiota subincarnata is a gilled mushroom of the genus Lepiota in the order Agaricales. It is known to contain amatoxins and consuming this fungus can be potentially lethal. The species was first described scientifically by the Danish Mycologist Jakob Emanuel Lange in 1940.... J.E. Lange Jakob Emanuel Lange Jakob Emanuel Lange , was a Danish mycologist who studied the systematics of gilled mushrooms.His most well-known work is Flora Agaricina Danica, a five-volume plate work on the Agaricales of Denmark.... |
deadly parasol | amatoxins | liver | cultivated ground, lawns North America |
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| Paxillus involutus Paxillus involutus Paxillus involutus, commonly known as the brown roll-rim, common roll-rim, or poison pax, is a basidiomycete fungus widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. It has been unintentionally introduced to Australia, New Zealand, and South America, where it has likely been transported in soil... (Batsch ex Fr. Elias Magnus Fries -External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*... ) Fr. |
brown roll-rim | unknown | autoimmune, haemolysis | grassland Europe |
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| Russula subnigricans Russula subnigricans Russula subnigricans is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Russula found in China and North America. It has been responsible for mushroom poisoning in Taiwan. The effect was a serious one, rhabdomyolysis. Several active agents have been isolated; one designated russuphelin A by researchers in... Hongo Tsuguo Hongo was a Japanese mycologist who specialized in the biogeography and taxonomy of Agaricales.Hongo entered the Department of Biology at what is now Hiroshima University in 1943, where he studied botany until graduating in 1946 with a B.Sc.... |
cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid Cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid Cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid is a toxic molecule found in some mushrooms such as Russula subnigricans and Tricholoma equestre.When ingested, the molecule is known to cause rhabdomyolysis.... |
rhabdomyolysis | Japan, China and North America | |||
| Amanita muscaria Amanita muscaria Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita , is a poisonous and psychoactive basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita... |
Fly agaric | Muscimol, ibotenic acid | CNS | Northern hemisphere, coniferous and deciduous woodland | Puffball | |
| Tricholoma equestre Tricholoma equestre Tricholoma equestre or Tricholoma flavovirens, also known as Man on horseback or Yellow knight is a formerly widely eaten but hazardous fungus of the Tricholoma genus that forms ectomycorrhiza with pine trees.... (L. Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology... ) P. Kumm. Paul Kummer Paul Kummer was a priest, teacher, and scientist in Zerbst, Germany, known chiefly for his contribution to mycological nomenclature. Earlier classification of agarics by pioneering fungal taxonomist Elias Magnus Fries designated only a very small number of genera, with most species falling into... |
yellow knight, man-on-horseback | cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid Cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid Cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid is a toxic molecule found in some mushrooms such as Russula subnigricans and Tricholoma equestre.When ingested, the molecule is known to cause rhabdomyolysis.... |
rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle tissue breaks down rapidly. Breakdown products of damaged muscle cells are released into the bloodstream; some of these, such as the protein myoglobin, are harmful to the kidneys and may lead to kidney failure... |
woodland Europe |
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