List of eye diseases and disorders
Overview
This is a partial list of human eye
diseases and disorders.
The World Health Organization
publishes a classification of known diseases and injuries called the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
or ICD-10
. This list uses that classification.
(H30) Chorioretinal inflammation
(H31) Other disorders of choroid
(H32) Chorioretinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere
Human eye
The human eye is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes. As a conscious sense organ, the eye allows vision. Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth...
diseases and disorders.
The World Health Organization
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health...
publishes a classification of known diseases and injuries called the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
ICD
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems is a medical classification that provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or disease...
or ICD-10
ICD
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems is a medical classification that provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or disease...
. This list uses that classification.
- (H00.0) Hordeolum ("stye" or "sty") — a bacterial infection of sebaceous glands of eyelashes.
- (H00.1) ChalazionChalazionA chalazion , also known as a meibomian gland lipogranuloma, is a cyst in the eyelid that is caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid. Chalazia differ from styes in that they are subacute and usually painless nodules...
— a cyst in the eyelidEyelidAn eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eye. With the exception of the prepuce and the labia minora, it has the thinnest skin of the whole body. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid to "open" the eye. This can be either voluntarily or involuntarily...
(usually upper eyelid) - (H01.0) BlepharitisBlepharitisBlepharitis is an ocular condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the eyelid, the severity and time course of which can vary. Onset can be acute, resolving without treatment within 2–4 weeks , but more generally is a long standing inflammation varying in severity...
— inflammation of eyelids and eyelashes; characterized by white flaky skin near the eyelashes - (H02.0) EntropionEntropionEntropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes constantly rub against the cornea. Entropion is usually caused by genetic factors and may be congenital...
and trichiasisTrichiasisTrichiasis is a medical term for abnormally positioned eyelashes that grow back toward the eye, touching the cornea or conjunctiva. This can be caused by infection, inflammation, autoimmune conditions, congenital defects, eyelid agenesis and trauma such as burns or eyelid injury.Standard treatment... - (H02.1) EctropionEctropionEctropion is a medical condition in which the lower eyelid turns outwards. It is one of the notable aspects of newborns exhibiting congenital Harlequin type ichthyosis, but ectropion can occur due to any weakening of tissue of the lower eyelid. The condition can be repaired surgically...
- (H02.2) LagophthalmosLagophthalmosLagophthalmos is defined as the inability to close the eyelids completely.Blinking covers the eye with a thin layer of tear fluid, thereby promoting a moist environment necessary for the cells of the exterior part of the eye. The tears also flush out foreign bodies and wash them away. This is...
- (H02.3) BlepharochalasisBlepharochalasisBlepharochalasis is an inflammation of the eyelid that is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid edema, which results in a stretching and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue resulting in redundant folds over the lid margins...
- (H02.4) PtosisPtosis (eyelid)Ptosis is a drooping of the upper or lower eyelid. The drooping may be worse after being awake longer, when the individual's muscles are tired. This condition is sometimes called "lazy eye", but that term normally refers to amblyopia...
- (H02.6) XanthelasmaXanthelasmaXanthelasma is a sharply demarcated yellowish deposit of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids. Although not harmful or painful, these minor growths may be disfiguring and can be removed...
of eyelid - (H03.0*) Parasitic infestation of eyelid in diseases classified elsewhere
- DermatitisDermatitis-Etymology:Dermatitis derives from Greek derma "skin" + -itis "inflammation" and genetic disorder.-Terminology:There are several different types of dermatitis. The different kinds usually have in common an allergic reaction to specific allergens. The term may describe eczema, which is also called...
of eyelid due to Demodex species ( B88.0+ ) - Parasitic infestation of eyelid in:
- leishmaniasisLeishmaniasisLeishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of certain species of sand fly...
( B55.-+ ) - loiasis ( B74.3+ )
- onchocerciasisOnchocerciasisOnchocerciasis , also known as river blindness and Robles' disease, is a parasitic disease caused by infection by Onchocerca volvulus, a nematode . Onchocerciasis is the world's second-leading infectious cause of blindness. It is not the nematode, but its endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis, that...
( B73+ ) - phthiriasisPhthiriasisPhthiriasis is a common eyelid infestation, caused by Phthirus pubis .Pediculosis is an eyelid infestation by either Pediculus humanus corporis or Pediculus humanus capitus lice...
( B85.3+ )
- leishmaniasis
- Dermatitis
- (H03.1*) Involvement of eyelid in other infectious diseases classified elsewhere
- Involvement of eyelid in:
- herpesviral (herpes simplexHerpes simplexHerpes simplex is a viral disease caused by both Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 . Infection with the herpes virus is categorized into one of several distinct disorders based on the site of infection. Oral herpes, the visible symptoms of which are colloquially called cold sores or fever...
) infection ( B00.5+ ) - leprosyLeprosyLeprosy or Hansen's disease is a chronic disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Named after physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen, leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract; skin lesions...
( A30.-+ ) - molluscum contagiosumMolluscum contagiosumMolluscum contagiosum is a viral infection of the skin or occasionally of the mucous membranes. It is caused by a DNA poxvirus called the molluscum contagiosum virus . MCV has no animal reservoir, infecting only humans. There are four types of MCV, MCV-1 to -4; MCV-1 is the most prevalent and...
( B08.1+ ) - tuberculosisTuberculosisTuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
( A18.4+ ) - yawsYawsYaws is a tropical infection of the skin, bones and joints caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum pertenue...
( A66.-+ ) - zoster ( B02.3+ )
- herpesviral (herpes simplex
- Involvement of eyelid in:
- (H03.8*) Involvement of eyelid in other diseases classified elsewhere
- Involvement of eyelid in impetigoImpetigoImpetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection most common among pre-school children. People who play close contact sports such as rugby, American football and wrestling are also susceptible, regardless of age. Impetigo is not as common in adults. The name derives from the Latin impetere...
( L01.0+ )
- Involvement of eyelid in impetigo
- (H04.0) DacryoadenitisDacryoadenitis-Causes, incidence, and risk factors:Acute dacryoadenitis is most commonly due to viral or bacterial infection. Common causes include mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, staphylococcus, and gonococcus....
- (H04.2) Epiphora
- (H06.2*) Dysthyroid exophthalmosExophthalmosExophthalmos is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Exophthalmos can be either bilateral or unilateral . Measurement of the degree of exophthalmos is performed using an exophthalmometer...
it is shown that if your eye comes out that it will shrink because the optic fluids drain out
- (H10) ConjunctivitisConjunctivitisConjunctivitis refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva...
— inflammation of the conjunctivaConjunctivaThe conjunctiva covers the sclera and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is composed of rare stratified columnar epithelium.-Function:... - (H11.0) Pterygium — benign growth of the conjunctiva
- (H11.3) Subconjunctival hemorrhageSubconjunctival hemorrhagethumb|right|250px| A stress induced subconjunctival hemorrhage in the left eye one week after hemorrhaging. Same hemorrhage four weeks after hemorrhaging. Some of the blood in the [[sclera]] has turned yellow, like a bruise....
— burst blood vessels on conjunctiva - (H13.1*) Conjunctivitis in infectious and parasitic diseases classified elsewhere
- Conjunctivitis (due to):
- AcanthamoebaAcanthamoebaAcanthamoeba is a genus of amoebae, one of the most common protozoa in soil, and also frequently found in fresh water and other habitats. The cells are small, usually 15 to 35 μm in length and oval to triangular in shape when moving. The pseudopods form a clear hemispherical lobe at the anterior,...
(B60.1+) - adenoviral follicular (acute) (B30.1+)
- chlamydial (A74.0+)
- diphtheritic (A36.8+)
- gonococcal (A54.3+)
- haemorrhagic (acute)(epidemic) (B30.3+)
- herpesviral [herpes simplex] (B00.5+)
- meningococcal (A39.8+)
- Newcastle (B30.8+)
- zoster (B02.3+)
- Acanthamoeba
- Conjunctivitis (due to):
- (H15.0) ScleritisScleritisScleritis is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera. The disease is often contracted through association with other diseases of the body, such as Wegener's granulomatosis or rheumatoid arthritis; it can also be attained through disorders...
— a painful inflammation of the scleraScleraThe sclera , also known as the white or white of the eye, is the opaque , fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. In the development of the embryo, the sclera is derived from the neural crest... - (H16) KeratitisKeratitisKeratitis is a condition in which the eye's cornea, the front part of the eye, becomes inflamed. The condition is often marked by moderate to intense pain and usually involves impaired eyesight.-Types:...
— inflammation of the corneaCorneaThe cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Together with the lens, the cornea refracts light, with the cornea accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is... - (H16.0) Corneal ulcerCorneal ulcerA corneal ulcer, or ulcerative keratitis, is an inflammatory condition of the cornea involving loss of its outer layer. It is very common in dogs and is sometimes seen in cats...
/ Corneal abrasionCorneal abrasionCorneal abrasion is a medical condition involving the loss of the surface epithelial layer of the eye's cornea.-Symptoms and signs:Symptoms of corneal abrasion include pain, photophobia, a foreign-body sensation, excessive squinting, and a reflex production of tears...
— loss of the surface epithelial layerEpitheliumEpithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body, and also form many glands. Functions of epithelial cells include secretion, selective...
of the eye's cornea - (H16.1) Snow blindnessSnow blindnessPhotokeratitis or ultraviolet keratitis is a painful eye condition caused by exposure of insufficiently protected eyes to the ultraviolet rays from either natural or artificial sources. Photokeratitis is akin to a sunburn of the cornea and conjunctiva, and is not usually noticed until several...
/ Arc eye — a painful condition caused by exposure of unprotected eyes to bright light - (H16.1) Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathyThygeson's superficial punctate keratopathyThygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy is a disease of the eyes. The causes of TSPK are not currently known, but details of the disease were first published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1950 by Phillips Thygeson - after whom it is named.- Symptoms :A patient with TSPK...
- (H16.4) Corneal neovascularizationCorneal neovascularizationCorneal neovascularization is the excessive ingrowth of blood vessels from the limbal vascular plexus into the cornea, caused by a low reception of oxygen, which is generally not received from the bloodstream, but through the air. One of the most common causes is contact lens wear, and to a...
- (H18.5) Fuchs' dystrophyFuchs' dystrophyFuchs' dystrophy, also known as Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy, is a slowly progressing corneal disease that usually affects both eyes and is slightly more common in women than in men...
— cloudy morning vision - (H18.6) KeratoconusKeratoconusKeratoconus , is a degenerative disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and change to a more conical shape than its normal gradual curve....
— the cornea thins and changes shape to be more like a cone than a parabole - (H19.3) Keratoconjunctivitis siccaKeratoconjunctivitis siccaKeratoconjunctivitis sicca , also called keratitis sicca, xerophthalmia or dry eye syndrome is an eye disease caused by eye dryness, which, in turn, is caused by either decreased tear production or increased tear film evaporation. It is found in humans and some animals...
— dry eyes - (H20.0) IritisIritisIritis is a form of anterior uveitis and refers to the inflammation of the iris of the eye.-Types:There are two main types of iritis: acute and chronic. They differ in numerous ways....
— inflammation of the irisIris (anatomy)The iris is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupils and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. "Eye color" is the color of the iris, which can be green, blue, or brown. In some cases it can be hazel , grey, violet, or even pink... - (H20.0, H44.1) UveitisUveitisUveitis specifically refers to inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, termed the "uvea" but in common usage may refer to any inflammatory process involving the interior of the eye....
— inflammatory process involving the interior of the eye; Sympathetic ophthalmiaSympathetic ophthalmiaSympathetic ophthalmia is a granulomatous uveitis of both eyes following trauma to one eye. It can leave the patient completely blind. Symptoms may develop from days to several years after a penetrating eye injury. See also the reviews by Damico et al. , Chu and Foster , and Friedlaender et al...
is a subset.
- (H25-H26) CataractCataractA cataract is a clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope, varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light...
— the lensLens (anatomy)The crystalline lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. The lens, by changing shape, functions to change the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances, thus allowing a...
becomes opaque
(H30) Chorioretinal inflammation
Inflammation
Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process...
- (H30.0) FocalFocal infectionFocal infection theory is the idea that a local infection affecting a small area of the body can lead to subsequent infections or symptoms in other parts of the body due either to the spread of the infectious agent itself or toxins produced from it....
chorioretinal inflammationInflammationInflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process...
- Focal:
- chorioretinitisChorioretinitisChorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid and retina of the eye. It is also known as choroid retinitis.-Causes:...
- choroiditisChoroiditisChoroiditis is a condition where the choroid is inflamed.When it presents in combination with retinitis , the condition is known as chorioretinitis....
- retinitis
- retinochoroiditis
- chorioretinitis
- Focal:
- (H30.1) DisseminatedDisseminated diseaseDisseminated disease refers to a diffuse disease process, generally either infectious or neoplastic, but sometimes also referring to connective tissue disease....
chorioretinal inflammationInflammationInflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process...
- Disseminated:
- chorioretinitisChorioretinitisChorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid and retina of the eye. It is also known as choroid retinitis.-Causes:...
- choroiditisChoroiditisChoroiditis is a condition where the choroid is inflamed.When it presents in combination with retinitis , the condition is known as chorioretinitis....
- retinitis
- retinochoroiditis
- chorioretinitis
- Disseminated:
-
-
- Excludes: exudative retinopathyRetinopathyRetinopathy is a general term that refers to some form of non-inflammatory damage to the retina of the eye. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease.-Pathophysiology:Causes of retinopathy are varied:...
(H35.0)- (H30.2) Posterior cyclitis
- Pars planitis
- (H30.8) Other chorioretinal inflammations
- Harada's disease
- (H30.9) Chorioretinal inflammationInflammationInflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process...
, unspecified- ChorioretinitisChorioretinitisChorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid and retina of the eye. It is also known as choroid retinitis.-Causes:...
- ChoroiditisChoroiditisChoroiditis is a condition where the choroid is inflamed.When it presents in combination with retinitis , the condition is known as chorioretinitis....
- Retinitis
- Chorioretinitis
- (H30.2) Posterior cyclitis
- Excludes: exudative retinopathy
-
- Retinochoroiditis
(H31) Other disorders of choroid
Choroid
The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye , while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm...
- (H31.0) Chorioretinal scars
- MaculaMaculaThe macula or macula lutea is an oval-shaped highly pigmented yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye. It has a diameter of around 5 mm and is often histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells...
scars of posterior polePosterior poleIn ophthalmology, the posterior pole is the back of the eye, usually referring to the retina between the optic disc and the macula....
(postinflammatory) (post-traumaticPhysical traumaTrauma refers to "a body wound or shock produced by sudden physical injury, as from violence or accident." It can also be described as "a physical wound or injury, such as a fracture or blow." Major trauma can result in secondary complications such as circulatory shock, respiratory failure and death...
) - Solar retinopathySolar retinopathySolar retinopathy is damage to the eye's retina, particularly the macula, from prolonged exposure to solar radiation. It usually occurs due to staring at the sun or viewing a solar eclipse.-Pathophysiology:...
- Macula
- (H31.1) Choroidal degenerationDegeneration (medical)Degeneration is deterioration in the medical sense. Generally, it is the change from a higher to a lower form. More specifically, it is the change of tissue to a lower or less functionally active form....
- AtrophyAtrophyAtrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations , poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, disuse or lack of exercise or disease intrinsic to the tissue itself...
- SclerosisSclerosis (medicine)In medicine, sclerosis refers to the stiffening of a structure, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue.Types include:...
- Excludes: angioid streaksAngioid streaksAngioid streaks, also called Knapp streaks or Knapp striae are small breaks in Bruch's membrane, an elastic tissue containing membrane of the retina that can become calcified and crack....
(H35.3)
- Excludes: angioid streaks
- Atrophy
- (H31.2) Hereditary choroidal dystrophyDystrophyDystrophy is any condition of abnormal development, often denoting the degeneration of muscles.-Types:* Muscular dystrophy* Duchenne muscular dystrophy* Becker's muscular dystrophy* Reflex neurovascular dystrophy* Retinal dystrophy* Conal dystrophy...
- ChoroideremiaChoroideremiaChoroideremia is an X-linked recessive retinal degenerative disease that leads to the degeneration of the choriocapillaris, the retinal pigment epithelium, and the photoreceptor of the eye....
- DystrophyDystrophyDystrophy is any condition of abnormal development, often denoting the degeneration of muscles.-Types:* Muscular dystrophy* Duchenne muscular dystrophy* Becker's muscular dystrophy* Reflex neurovascular dystrophy* Retinal dystrophy* Conal dystrophy...
, choroidal (central areolar) (generalized) (peripapillary) - Gyrate atrophyAtrophyAtrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations , poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, disuse or lack of exercise or disease intrinsic to the tissue itself...
, choroidChoroidThe choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye , while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm...
- Excludes: ornithinaemiaOrnithinaemiaOrnithinaemia is a blood disorder characterized by high levels of ornithine. Also known as hyperornithinemia, it may be associated with psychomotor retardation or epileptic episodes....
( E72.4 )
- Excludes: ornithinaemia
- Choroideremia
- (H31.3) Choroidal haemorrhage and rupture
- Choroidal haemorrhage:
- NOSNOS-Business:* National Occupational Standards, people are expected to achieve* New old stock, merchandise being offered for sale which was manufactured long ago but that has never been used-Geography:* NOS, IATA code for Fascene Airport, in Nosy Be, Madagascar...
(Not Otherwise Specified) - expulsive
- NOS
- Choroidal haemorrhage:
- (H31.4) Choroidal detachmentDetachmentDetachment, also expressed as non-attachment, is a state in which a person overcomes his or her attachment to desire for things, people or concepts of the world and thus attains a heightened perspective.-Importance of the term:...
- (H31.8) Other specified disorders of choroidChoroidThe choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye , while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm...
- (H31.9) Disorder of choroidChoroidThe choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye , while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm...
, unspecified
(H32) Chorioretinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere
- (H32.0) Chorioretinal inflammationInflammationInflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process...
in infectious and parasitic diseases classified elsewhere- ChorioretinitisChorioretinitisChorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid and retina of the eye. It is also known as choroid retinitis.-Causes:...
:- syphilitic, late ( A52.7+ )
- toxoplasma ( B58.0+ )
- tuberculous ( A18.5+ )
- Chorioretinitis
- (H32.8) Other chorioretinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere
- (H33) Retinal detachmentRetinal detachmentRetinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue. Initial detachment may be localized, but without rapid treatment the entire retina may detach, leading to vision loss and blindness. It is a medical emergency.The retina is a...
— the retinaRetinaThe vertebrate retina is a light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical...
detaches from the choroidChoroidThe choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye , while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm...
, leading to blurred and distorted vision - (H33.1) RetinoschisisRetinoschisisRetinoschisis is an eye disease characterized by the abnormal splitting of the retina's neurosensory layers, usually in the outer plexiform layer, resulting in a loss of vision in the corresponding visual field in some rarer forms...
— the retina separates into several layers and may detach
- (H35.0) Hypertensive retinopathyHypertensive retinopathyHypertensive retinopathy is damage to the retina due to high blood pressure .-Pathophysiology:The retina is one of the "target organs" that are damaged by sustained hypertension....
— burst blood vessels, due to long-term high blood pressure- (H35.0/E10-E14) Diabetic retinopathyDiabetic retinopathyDiabetic retinopathy is retinopathy caused by complications of diabetes mellitus, which can eventually lead to blindness....
— damage to the retina caused by complications of diabetes mellitus, which could eventually lead to blindness
- (H35.0/E10-E14) Diabetic retinopathy
- (H35.0-H35.2) RetinopathyRetinopathyRetinopathy is a general term that refers to some form of non-inflammatory damage to the retina of the eye. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease.-Pathophysiology:Causes of retinopathy are varied:...
— general term referring to non-inflammatory damage to the retina - (H35.1) Retinopathy of prematurityRetinopathy of prematurityRetinopathy of prematurity , previously known as retrolental fibroplasia , is an eye disease that affects prematurely-born babies. It is thought to be caused by disorganized growth of retinal blood vessels which may result in scarring and retinal detachment. ROP can be mild and may resolve...
— scarring and retinal detachment in premature babies - (H35.3) Age-related macular degeneration — the photosensitive cells in the maculaMaculaThe macula or macula lutea is an oval-shaped highly pigmented yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye. It has a diameter of around 5 mm and is often histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells...
malfunction and over time cease to work - (H35.3) Macular degenerationMacular degenerationAge-related macular degeneration is a medical condition which usually affects older adults and results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field because of damage to the retina. It occurs in “dry” and “wet” forms. It is a major cause of blindness and visual impairment in older adults...
— loss of central vision, due to macular degeneration - (H35.3) Epiretinal membraneEpiretinal membraneEpiretinal membrane is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes. It is also called macular pucker. Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in...
— a transparent layer forms and tightens over the retina - (H35.4) PeripheralPeripheralA peripheral is a device attached to a host computer, but not part of it, and is more or less dependent on the host. It expands the host's capabilities, but does not form part of the core computer architecture....
retinalRetinalRetinal, also called retinaldehyde or vitamin A aldehyde, is one of the many forms of vitamin A . Retinal is a polyene chromophore, and bound to proteins called opsins, is the chemical basis of animal vision...
degenerationDegenerationThe idea of degeneration had significant influence on science, art and politics from the 1850s to the 1950s. The social theory developed consequently from Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution... - (H35.5) Hereditary retinalRetinalRetinal, also called retinaldehyde or vitamin A aldehyde, is one of the many forms of vitamin A . Retinal is a polyene chromophore, and bound to proteins called opsins, is the chemical basis of animal vision...
dystrophyDystrophyDystrophy is any condition of abnormal development, often denoting the degeneration of muscles.-Types:* Muscular dystrophy* Duchenne muscular dystrophy* Becker's muscular dystrophy* Reflex neurovascular dystrophy* Retinal dystrophy* Conal dystrophy... - (H35.5) Retinitis pigmentosaRetinitis pigmentosaRetinitis pigmentosa is a group of genetic eye conditions that leads to incurable blindness. In the progression of symptoms for RP, night blindness generally precedes tunnel vision by years or even decades. Many people with RP do not become legally blind until their 40s or 50s and retain some...
— genetic disorder; tunnel vision preceded by night-blindness - (H35.6) Retinal haemorrhageRetinal haemorrhageRetinal haemorrhage is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs into the retina.The retina is a thin disc-shaped layer of light-sensitive tissue on the back wall of the eye. Its job is to translate what we see into neural impulses and send them to the brain via the optic nerve...
- (H35.7) Separation of retinal layers
- (H35.8) Other specified retinal disorders
- (H35.81) Macular edemaMacular edemaMacular edema occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye and causes it to thicken and swell. The swelling may distort a person's central vision, as the macula is near the center of the retina at the back of the eyeball...
— distorted central vision, due to a swollen maculaMaculaThe macula or macula lutea is an oval-shaped highly pigmented yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye. It has a diameter of around 5 mm and is often histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells... - (H35.9) Retinal disorder, unspecified
- (H40-H42) GlaucomaGlaucomaGlaucoma is an eye disorder in which the optic nerve suffers damage, permanently damaging vision in the affected eye and progressing to complete blindness if untreated. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye...
— optic neuropathy
- (H43.9) FloaterFloaterFloaters are deposits of various size, shape, consistency, refractive index, and motility within the eye's vitreous humour, which is normally transparent. At young age the vitreous is perfectly transparent, but during life imperfections gradually develop. The common type of floater, which is...
s — shadow-like shapes which appear singly or together with several others in the field of vision
- (H47.2) Leber's hereditary optic neuropathyLeber's hereditary optic neuropathyLeber’s hereditary optic neuropathy or Leber optic atrophy is a mitochondrially inherited degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons that leads to an acute or subacute loss of central vision; this affects predominantly young adult males...
— genetic disorder; loss of central vision - (H47.3) Optic disc drusenOptic disc drusenOptic disc drusen or optic nerve head drusen are globules of mucoproteins and mucopolysaccharides that progressively calcify in the optic disc...
— globules progressively calcify in the optic disc, compressing the vasculature and optic nerve fibers
- (H49-H50) StrabismusStrabismusStrabismus is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. It typically involves a lack of coordination between the extraocular muscles, which prevents bringing the gaze of each eye to the same point in space and preventing proper binocular vision, which may adversely...
(Crossed eye/Wandering eye/Walleye) — the eyes do not point in the same direction- (H49.3-4) OphthalmoparesisOphthalmoparesisOphthalmoparesis or ophthalmoplegia refers to paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements. It is a physical finding in certain neurologic illnesses.-Classification:...
— the partial or total paralysis of the eye muscles - (H49.4) Progressive external ophthalmoplegia — weakness of the external eye muscles
- (H50.0, H50.3) EsotropiaEsotropiaEsotropia is a form of strabismus, or "squint", in which one or both eyes turns inward. The condition can be constantly present, or occur intermittently, and can give the affected individual a "cross-eyed" appearance...
— the tendency for eyes to become cross-eyed - (H50.1, H50.3) ExotropiaExotropiaExotropia is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. It is the opposite of esotropia. People with exotropia often experience crossed diplopia. Intermittent exotropia is a fairly common condition. "Sensory exotropia" occurs in the presence of poor vision...
— the tendency for eyes to look outward
- (H49.3-4) Ophthalmoparesis
- H52 Disorders of refraction and accommodationAccommodation (eye)Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image on an object as its distance changes....
- (H52.0) Hypermetropia (Farsightedness) — the inability to focus on near objects (and in extreme cases, any objects)
- (H52.1) MyopiaMyopiaMyopia , "shortsightedness" ) is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated light produces image focus in front of the retina under conditions of accommodation. In simpler terms, myopia is a condition of the eye where the light that comes in does not directly focus on the retina but in...
(Nearsightedness) — distant objects appear blurred - (H52.2) AstigmatismAstigmatism (eye)Astigmatism is an optical defect in which vision is blurred due to the inability of the optics of the eye to focus a point object into a sharp focused image on the retina. This may be due to an irregular or toric curvature of the cornea or lens. There are two types of astigmatism: regular and...
— the cornea or the lens of the eye is not perfectly spherical, resulting in different focal points in different planes - (H52.3) AnisometropiaAnisometropiaAnisometropia is the condition in which the two eyes have unequal refractive power; that is, are in different states of myopia , hyperopia or in the extreme, antimetropia , the unequal refractive states cause unequal rotations thus leading to diplopia and asthenopia.Anisometropia can adversely...
— the lenses of the two eyes have different focal lengths - (H52.4) PresbyopiaPresbyopiaPresbyopia is a condition where the eye exhibits a progressively diminished ability to focus on near objects with age. Presbyopia’s exact mechanisms are not known with certainty; the research evidence most strongly supports a loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens, although changes in the...
— a condition that occurs with growing age and results in the inability to focus on close objects - (H52.5) Disorders of accommodation
- Internal ophthalmoplegia
- (H53.0) AmblyopiaAmblyopiaAmblyopia, also known as lazy eye, is a disorder of the visual system that is characterized by a vision deficiency in an eye that is otherwise physically normal, or out of proportion to associated structural abnormalities of the eye...
(lazy eye) — poor or blurry vision due to either no transmission or poor transmission of the visual image to the brain - (H53.0) Leber's congenital amaurosisLeber's congenital amaurosisLeber's congenital amaurosis is a rare inherited eye disease that appears at birth or in the first few months of life, and affects around 1 in 80,000 of the population.It was first described by Theodor Leber in the 19th century...
— genetic disorder; appears at birth, characterised by sluggish or no pupillary responses - (H53.1, H53.4) ScotomaScotomaA scotoma is an area of partial alteration in one's field of vision consisting of a partially diminished or entirely degenerated visual acuity which is surrounded by a field of normal - or relatively well-preserved - vision.Every normal mammalian eye has a scotoma in its field of vision, usually...
(blind spot) — an area impairment of vision surrounded by a field of relatively well-preserved vision.
