List of geography topics - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This page is a list of geography topics.

Geography
Geography
Geography is the science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes...

is the study of the world

World

World is a common name for the whole of human civilization, specifically human experience, history, or the human condition in general, worldwide, i.e. anywhere on Earth....

and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life and the effects of human activity. Geography research addresses both the questions of where, as well as why, geographical phenomena occur. Geography is a diverse field that seeks to understand the world and all of its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but how they came to be, and how they have changed since then.

C

Cartography

Cartography is the study and practice of making maps. Combining science, aesthetics, and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively.The fundamental problems of traditional cartography are to:*Set the map's...

-
Chevron (land form)

Chevron (land form)

A chevron is a wedge-shaped sediment deposit observed on coastlines and continental interiors around the world. The term chevron was originally used independently by Maxwell and Haynes and Hearty and others for large, v-shaped, sub-linear to parabolic landforms in southwestern Egypt and on islands...

-
Climatology

Climatology

Climatology is the study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time, and is a branch of the atmospheric sciences...

-
Continental Island -
Cross-border town naming

Cross-border town naming

Cross-border town naming occurs where towns or villages with the same or equivalent names are divided between two different countries. This does not necessarily imply that those towns or villages are located in geographic proximity, or that they are located near a current border...

-
Cultural geography

Cultural geography

Cultural geography is a sub-field within human geography. Cultural geography is the study of cultural products and norms and their variations across and relations to spaces and places...

-
Cultural region

Cultural region

Cultural region is a term used mainly in the fields of anthropology and geography. Specific cultures often do not limit their geographic coverage to the borders of a nation state, or to smaller subdivisions of a state...

-
China

China

Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

D

Demography

Demography is the statistical study of human population. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic human population, that is, one that changes over time or space...

-
Development geography

Development geography

Development geography is the study of the earth's geography with reference to the standard of living and quality of life of its human inhabitants. In this context, development is a process of change that affects people's lives. It may involve an improvement in the quality of life as perceived by...

-
Digital orthophoto quadrangle -
Direction (geometry, geography)

Direction (geometry, geography)

Direction is the information contained in the relative position of one point with respect to another point without the distance information. Directions may be either relative to some indicated reference , or absolute according to some previously agreed upon frame of reference Direction is the...

-
Distance decay

Distance decay

Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases...

E

Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets...

-
Economic geography

Economic geography

Economic geography is the study of the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic activities across the world. The subject matter investigated is strongly influenced by the researcher's methodological approach. Neoclassical location theorists, following in the tradition of Alfred...

-
Ecogovernmentality

Ecogovernmentality

Ecogovernmentality, also spelled Eco-governmentality is a term used to denote the application of Foucault’s concepts of biopower and governmentality to the analysis of the regulation of social interactions with the natural world...

-
Ethnography

Ethnography

Ethnography is a qualitative method aimed to learn and understand cultural phenomena which reflect the knowledge and system of meanings guiding the life of a cultural group...

-
Extreme environment

Extreme environment

An extreme environment exhibits extreme conditions which are challenging to most life forms. These may be extremely high or low ranges of temperature, radiation, pressure, acidity, alkalinity, air, water, salt, sugar, carbon dioxide, sulphur, petroleum and many others.An extreme environment is one...

-
Erial, New Jersey

Erial, New Jersey

Erial is an unincorporated community located within Gloucester Township, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. It is home to Timber Creek Regional High School, Erial Elementary School, and Union Valley Elementary School , James W Lilly Elementary school. Erial shares the ZIP code 08081 with...

F

Feminist geography

Feminist geography is an approach in human geography which applies the theories, methods and critiques of feminism to the study of the human environment, society and geographical space.-Areas of study:...

-
Field (geography)

Field (geography)

In the context of Spatial Analysis, Geographic Information Systems, and Geographic Information Science, the term field has been adopted from physics, in which it denotes a quantity that can be theoretically assigned to any point of space, such as temperature or density...

-
First law of geography

First law of geography

The first law of geography according to Waldo Tobler is "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things."This observation is embedded in the gravity model of trip distribution...

-
Fundamental plane (spherical coordinates)

Fundamental plane (spherical coordinates)

The fundamental plane in a spherical coordinate system is a plane which divides the sphere into two hemispheres. The latitude of a point is then the angle between the fundamental plane and the line joining the point to the centre of the sphere....

G

Gazetteer

A gazetteer is a geographical dictionary or directory, an important reference for information about places and place names , used in conjunction with a map or a full atlas. It typically contains information concerning the geographical makeup of a country, region, or continent as well as the social...

-
Geoarchaeology

Geoarchaeology

Geoarchaeology is a multi-disciplinary approach which uses the techniques and subject matter of geography, geology and other Earth sciences to examine topics which inform archaeological knowledge and thought...

-
Geodesy

Geodesy

Geodesy , also named geodetics, a branch of earth sciences, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth, including its gravitational field, in a three-dimensional time-varying space. Geodesists also study geodynamical phenomena such as crustal...

-
Geographic feature

Geographic feature

Geographical features are the components of the Earth. There are two types of geographical features, namely natural geographical features and artificial geographical features. Natural geographical features include but are not limited to landforms and ecosystems...

-
Geographic information science

Geographic Information Science

Geographic information science is the academic theory behind the development, use, and application of geographic information systems...

-
Geographic targeting

Geographic targeting

Geographic targeting is a viable way for resource allocation, especially to alleviate poverty in a country. In this context, public expenditure and policy interventions can be deployed to reach the neediest people in the poorest areas....

-
Geography and wealth

Geography and wealth

Geography and wealth have long been perceived as correlated attributes of nations. The continents along the equator, Africa and South America, are the poorest. Even within Africa and South America this effect can be seen, as the nations farthest from the equator are wealthier...

-
Geomorphology

Geomorphology

Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them...

-
Geopolitics

Geopolitics

Geopolitics, from Greek Γη and Πολιτική in broad terms, is a theory that describes the relation between politics and territory whether on local or international scale....

-
Geostatistics

Geostatistics

Geostatistics is a branch of statistics focusing on spatial or spatiotemporal datasets. Developed originally to predict probability distributions of ore grades for mining operations, it is currently applied in diverse disciplines including petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology,...

-
Glossary of geography terms

Glossary of geography terms

This is a list of geographical terms.-A:* Absolute Humidity: The mass of water vapor in the atmosphere per unit of volume of space. * Absolute location: The location of a point on the Earth's surface that can be expressed by a grid reference such as latitude and longitude...

-
Governmentality

Governmentality

Governmentality is a concept first developed by the French philosopher Michel Foucault in the later years of his life, roughly between 1977 and his death in 1984, particularly in his lectures at the Collège de France during this time...

H

Health geography

Health geography is the application of geographical information, perspectives, and methods to the study of health, disease, and health care.- Overview :...

-
Hermit kingdom

Hermit kingdom

Hermit kingdom is a pejorative term applied to any country or society which willfully walls itself off from the rest of the world. The Joseon Dynasty of Korea was frequently described as a hermit kingdom during the latter part of the dynasty...

-
Historical geography

Historical geography

Historical geography is the study of the human, physical, fictional, theoretical, and "real" geographies of the past. Historical geography studies a wide variety of issues and topics. A common theme is the study of the geographies of the past and how a place or region changes through time...

-
Household electricity approach

Household electricity approach

The Household Electricity Approach to measuring the size of the underground economy or black market of a country exploits the presumed relationship between household electrical consumption and a country's GDP. It assumes that undeclared economic activity still needs to use resources, such as...

-
Human ecology

Human ecology

Human ecology is the subdiscipline of ecology that focuses on humans. More broadly, it is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study of the relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments. The term 'human ecology' first appeared in a sociological study in 1921...

-
Human settlement -
Hydrology

Hydrology

Hydrology is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability...

I

Ice island

Ice island may refer to:*Iceberg, particularly a tabular iceberg*Pobeda Ice Island, a periodic island formed when a tabular iceberg runs aground...

-
Incorporation of nature within a city

Incorporation of nature within a city

Over the centuries the roles of rivers as part of the city has altered many times from the original use for the irrigating crops in nearby fields, as well as being an essential resource in establishing a permanent settlement....

-
Indian subcontinent

Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent, also Indian Subcontinent, Indo-Pak Subcontinent or South Asian Subcontinent is a region of the Asian continent on the Indian tectonic plate from the Hindu Kush or Hindu Koh, Himalayas and including the Kuen Lun and Karakoram ranges, forming a land mass which extends...

-
Indices of deprivation 2004 -
Indices of deprivation 2007

Indices of deprivation 2007

The Indices of deprivation 2007 is a Deprivation index at the small area level, created by the British Department for Communities and Local Government and released on June 12, 2007...

-
Intermontane

Intermontane

Intermontane is a physiographic adjective formed from the prefix "inter-" and the adjective "montane" Usage includes intermontane basin such as New Zealand's Mackenzie Basin and intermontane...

L

Land cover

Land Cover

Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. There are two primary methods for capturing information on land cover: field survey and analysis of remotely sensed imagery....

-
Landform

Landform

A landform or physical feature in the earth sciences and geology sub-fields, comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography...

-
Landlocked developing countries

Landlocked developing countries

Landlocked developing countries are developing countries that are landlocked. The economic and other disadvantages experienced by such countries tends to place some of them amongst the Least Developed Countries in the world...

-
Landscape connectivity

Landscape connectivity

Landscape connectivity is "the degree to which the landscape facilitates or impedes movement among resource patches" It has two components:*Structural connectivity: the spatial structure of a landscape and can be described from map elements...

-
Landscape ecology

Landscape ecology

Landscape ecology is the science of studying and improving relationships between urban development and ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems...

-
Linear Reference System

Linear Reference System

Linear referencing , is a reference system in which the locations of features are identified by a relative measure along a linear element, for example a milestone along a road. Each feature is located by either a point or a line...

P

Palaeogeography

Palaeogeography is the study of what the geography was in times past. It is most often used about the physical landscape, although nothing excludes its use in reference to the human or cultural environment...

-
Pedology

Pedology

Pedology may refer to:*Pedology *Pedology *Pediatrics...

-
Philosophy of geography

Philosophy of Geography

Philosophy of geography is that subfield of philosophy which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and axiological issues in geography.The Society for Philosophy and Geography was founded in 1997 by Andrew Light, a philosopher currently at George Mason University, and Jonathan Smith a...

-
Place

Location (geography)

The terms location and place in geography are used to identify a point or an area on the Earth's surface or elsewhere. The term 'location' generally implies a higher degree of can certainty than "place" which often has an ambiguous boundary relying more on human/social attributes of place identity...

-
Place identity

Place identity

Place identity refers to a cluster of ideas about place and identity in the fields of geography, urban planning, urban design, landscape architecture, environmental psychology, and urban sociology/ecological sociology. It concerns the meaning and significance of places for their inhabitants and users...

-
Political ecology

Political ecology

Political ecology is the study of the relationships between political, economic and social factors with environmental issues and changes. Political ecology differs from apolitical ecological studies by politicizing environmental issues and phenomena....

-
Political geography

Political geography

Political geography is the field of human geography that is concerned with the study of both the spatially uneven outcomes of political processes and the ways in which political processes are themselves affected by spatial structures...

-
Population density

Population density

Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

-
Population geography

Population geography

Population geography is a division of human geography. It is the study of the ways in which spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations are related to the nature of places. Population geography involves demography in a geographical perspective. It...

-
Poquoson (geographic term)

Poquoson (geographic term)

Poquoson are thick peat-filled swamps found in southeastern Virginia and North Carolina. They are found in the tidewater area of the coastal plain. The poquoson usually has a variety of flora and fauna including bay trees, tupelo trees, cypress and pine. Black bears can be found in some poquosons...

-
Provisional Administrative Line

Provisional Administrative Line

A Provisional Administrative Line is a de facto border between two countries. For example, part of the border between Ethiopia and Somalia is a Provisional Administrative Line....

S

Sense of place

The term sense of place has been defined and used in many different ways by many different people. To some, it is a characteristic that some geographic places have and some do not, while to others it is a feeling or perception held by people...

-
Small Island Developing States

Small Island Developing States

Small Island Developing States are low-lying coastal countries that tend to share similar sustainable development challenges, including small but growing populations, limited resources, remoteness, susceptibility to natural disasters, vulnerability to external shocks, excessive dependence on...

-
Snow line

Snow line

The climatic snow line is the point above which snow and ice cover the ground throughout the year. The actual snow line may seasonally be significantly lower....

-
Social geography

Social geography

Social geography is the branch of human geography that is most closely related to social theory in general and sociology in particular, dealing with the relation of social phenomena and its spatial components. Though the term itself has a tradition of more than 100 years, there is no consensus on...

-
South American capital cities

South American capital cities

- Organized alphabetically by country :-Organized alphabetically by capital city:-Organized by population of the capital city :...

-
Spatial analysis

Spatial analysis

Spatial analysis or spatial statistics includes any of the formal techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties...

-
Strategic geography

Strategic geography

Strategic geography is concerned with the control of, or access to, spatial areas that have an impact on the security and prosperity of nations. Spatial areas that concern strategic geography change with human needs and development. This field is a subset of human geography, itself a subset of the...

-
Subregion

Subregion

A subregion is a conceptual unit which derives from a larger region or continent and is usually based on location. Cardinal directions, such as south or southern, are commonly used to define a subregion.- United Nations subregions :...

-
Swath width

Swath width

Swath width refers to the strip of the Earth’s surface from which data are collected by a satellite. The longitudinal extent of the swath is defined by the motion of the satellite with respect to the surface, whereas the swath width is measured perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent of the...

T

Time geography

Time geography or time-space geography traces its roots back to the Swedish geographer Torsten Hägerstrand who stressed the temporal factor in spatial human activities. The time-space path, devised by Hägerstrand, shows the movement of an individual in the spatial-temporal environment with the...

-
Tidewater (geographic term)

Tidewater (geographic term)

Tidewater is a geographic area of southeast Virginia and northeastern North Carolina that is considered a part of the Coastal Plain. Portions of Maryland facing the Chesapeake Bay are also given this designation. The area gains its name because of the effect the area has from the changing tides of...

-
Tourism geography

Tourism geography

Tourism Geography is the study of travel and tourism, as an industry and as a social and cultural activity. Tourism geography covers a wide range of interests including the environmental impact of tourism, the geographies of tourism and leisure economies, answering tourism industry and management...

-
Traditional knowledge GIS

Traditional knowledge GIS

Traditional knowledge Geographic Information Systems are the data, techniques, and technologies designed to document and utilize local knowledges in communities around the world. Traditional knowledge is information that encompasses the experiences of a particular culture or society...

-
Transportation geography

Transportation geography

Transportation Geography, also Transport Geography, is the branch of geography that investigates spatial interactions, let them be of people, freight and information. It can consider humans and their use of vehicles or other modes of travelling as well as how markets are serviced by flows of...

-
Triangulated irregular network

Triangulated irregular network

A triangulated irregular network is a digital data structure used in a geographic information system for the representation of a surface...

-
Tropical geography

Tropical geography

Tropical geography refers to the study of places and people in the tropics. When it first emerged as a discipline, tropical geography was closely associated with imperialism and colonial expansion of the European empires as contributing scholars tended to portray the tropical places as "primitive"...

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

P

S

T

See also