There are 88 named mountain ranges in New Mexico.

For the Valles Caldera, the southwest and west are the Nacimiento Mountains

Nacimiento Mountains

The Sierra Nacimiento , or Nacimiento Mountains, are a mountain range in the northwestern part of the US state of New Mexico. They are just west of the more prominent Jemez Mountains near the town of Cuba, and are separated from them by the Río Guadalupe and the Río de Las Vacas...

-(Sierra Nacimien); the northwest of the caldera is the San Pedro Mountains, a redirect to the Nacimiento's. The rest of the Caldera, especially the south, east, northeast, and north is the Jemez Mountains

Jemez Mountains

The Jemez Mountains are a volcanic group of mountains in New Mexico, United States. The highest point in the range is Chicoma Mountain at an elevation of 11,561 feet . The town of Los Alamos and Los Alamos National Laboratory adjoin the eastern side of the range while the town of Jemez Springs...

. The north, descends to Abiquiu Lake

Abiquiu Lake

Abiquiu Lake is a reservoir located in Rio Arriba County, in northern New Mexico in the southwestern United States. Water of the Rio Chama is impounded by the earth-filled Abiquiu Dam, 1,800 feet long and 340 feet high, completed in 1963 and raised in 1986...

, and the Chama River

Chama River

The Río Chama , is one of the main rivers of the state of Mérida in Venezuela. The headwaters of the Chama are the Mifafí high lands, in the Andes Range, near the town of Apartaderos. Its outlet is at Lake Maracaibo....

 a northwest tributary to the Rio Grande. The north is also dotted with many peaks, or (cerros), some mesas, etc.

The Valles Caldera is located in central-north, and northeast Sandoval County

Sandoval County, New Mexico

-Indian reservations:Sandoval County has 12 Indian reservations and two joint-use areas lying within its borders, the second most of any county in the United States -Indian reservations:Sandoval County has 12 Indian reservations and two joint-use areas lying within its borders, the second most of...

 and Los Alamos County

Los Alamos County, New Mexico

-2010:Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:*87.8% White*0.6% Black*0.8% Native American*6.0% Asian*0.0% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander*2.6% Two or more races*2.2% Other races*14.7% Hispanic or Latino -2000:...

. Eastern foothills are in extreme northwest Santa Fe County

Santa Fe County, New Mexico

-2010:Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:*76.2% White*0.9% Black*3.1% Native American*1.2% Asian*0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander*3.6% Two or more races*14.9% Other races*50.6% Hispanic or Latino -2000:...

. The north of the Caldera is in southern Rio Arriba County

Rio Arriba County, New Mexico

-2010:Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:*51.6% White*0.5% Black*16.0% Native American*0.4% Asian*0.0% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander*3.3% Two or more races*28.2% Other races*71.3% Hispanic or Latino -2000:...

. Thus the explanation for the three named mountain ranges around the Caldera.

This list in incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Alphabetical list

• 1. –Alamo Hueco Mountains
     Alamo Hueco Mountains
     The Alamo Hueco Mountains are a 15 mile long, mountain range in southeast Hidalgo County, New Mexico, adjacent the border of Chihuahua state, Mexico. The range lies near the southern end of the mountains bordering the extensive north-south Playas Valley; the Little Hatchet and Big Hatchet...
     
     
  2. –Animas Mountains
     Animas Mountains
     The Animas Mountains are a small mountain range in Hidalgo County, within the "Boot-Heel" region of far southwestern New Mexico, in the United States. They extend north-south for about 30 miles along the Continental Divide, from near the town of Animas to a few miles north of the border with...
     
     
  3. –Bear Mountains
  4. –Big Burro Mountains
     Big Burro Mountains
     The Big Burro Mountains are a moderate length 35 mile long, mountain range located in central Grant County, New Mexico. The range's northwest-southeast 'ridgeline' is located 15 mi southwest of Silver City....
     
     
  5. –Big Hatchet Mountains
     Big Hatchet Mountains
     The Big Hatchet Mountains are an 18 mi long, mountain range in southeast Hidalgo County, New Mexico, adjacent the northern border of Chihuahua state, Mexico....
     
     
  6. –Black Range
     Black Range
     The Black Range is an igneous mountain range running north-south in Sierra and Grant counties in west-central New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. Its central ridge forms the western and eastern borders, respectively, of the two counties through much of their contact...
     
     
  7. –Brazos Mountains
     Brazos Mountains
     The Brazos Mountains is a range in far northern Rio Arriba County, in northern New Mexico in the southwestern United States. A high crest runs from the border with Colorado for over in a south-southeasterly direction...
     
     
  8. –Brokeoff Mountains
  9. –Brushy Mountains (New Mexico)
  10. –Caballo Mountains
      Caballo Mountains
      The Caballo Mountains, are a mountain range located in Sierra and Doña Ana Counties, New Mexico, United States. The range is located east of the Rio Grande and Caballo Lake, and west of the Jornada del Muerto; the south of the range extends into northwest Doña Ana County...
      
      
  11. –Canyon Creek Mountains
      Canyon Creek Mountains
      The Canyon Creek Mountains are a short 10 mi long, mountain range located in southeast Catron County, New Mexico near the source of the Gila River and north of the Gila Wilderness...
      
      
  12. –Capitan Mountains
      Capitan Mountains
      The Capitan Mountains are a mountain range in Lincoln County, in south-central New Mexico in the southwestern United States. The range is about 20 miles long from east to west and about 6 miles wide, formed from a large, elongated granite intrusion similar to the round one that produced Carrizo...
      
      
  13. –Cebolleta Mountains
  14. –Cedar Mountain Range
      Cedar Mountain Range
      The Cedar Mountain Range is a short 20 mi long, mountain range in southwest Luna County, New Mexico just north of the Mexico-United States border with Chihuahua....
      
      
  15. –Chupadera Mountains
  16. –Chuska Mountains
      Chuska mountains
      The Chuska Mountains are an elongate range on the Colorado Plateau and within the Navajo Nation. The range is about 80 by 15 km , and it trends north-northwest and is crossed by the state line between Arizona and New Mexico. The highlands are a dissected plateau, with an average elevation of...
      
      
  17. –Cimarron Range
  18. –Cookes Range
      Cookes Range
      The Cookes Range is a small 17-mi long, mountain range in the north of Luna County, New Mexico. The north of the range extends slightly north into southeast Grant County...
      
      
  19. –Cornudas Mountains
  20. –Crosby Mountains
  21. –Datil Mountains
  22. –Diablo Range (New Mexico)
  23. –Doña Ana Mountains
      Doña Ana Mountains
      The Doña Ana Mountains are a mountain range in Doña Ana County, New Mexico....
      
      
  24. –East Potrillo Mountains
      East Potrillo Mountains
      The East Potrillo Mountains are a mountain range in south central Doña Ana County, New Mexico. They are located approximately 25 miles west of El Paso, Texas, 30 miles southwest of Las Cruces, New Mexico, and 30 miles east of Columbus, New Mexico. The southern tip of the range is less than 5...
      
      
  25. –Elk Mountains (New Mexico)
  26. –Fernando Mountains
  27. –Florida Mountains
      Florida Mountains
      The Florida Mountains are a small 12-mi long, mountain range in New Mexico. The mountains lie in southern Luna County about 15 mi southeast of Deming, and 20 mi north of Chihuahua state, Mexico; the range lies in the north of the Chihuahuan Desert region, and extreme southwestern New...
      
      
  28. –Fra Cristobal Range
      Fra Cristobal Range
      The Fra Cristobal Range, is a 17 mi long, mountain range in central-north Sierra County, New Mexico. The range borders the eastern shore of Elephant Butte Reservoir on the Rio Grande, and the range lies towards the southwest of the Jornada del Muerto, the desert region east of the...
      
      
  29. –Franklin Mountains (Texas)
      Franklin Mountains (Texas)
      The Franklin Mountains of Texas are a small range that extend from El Paso, Texas north into New Mexico. The Franklins were formed due to crustal extension related to the Cenozoic Rio Grande rift...
      
      
  30. –Gallinas Mountains
  31. –Gallo Mountains
  32. –Good Sight Mountains
  33. –Guadalupe Mountains
      Guadalupe Mountains
      The Guadalupe Mountains are a mountain range located in West Texas and southeastern New Mexico. The range includes the highest summit in Texas, Guadalupe Peak, , and the "signature peak" of West Texas, El Capitan, both located within Guadalupe Mountains National Park, as well as Carlsbad Caverns...
      
      
  34. –Guadalupe Mountains (Hidalgo County)
      Guadalupe Mountains (Hidalgo County)
      The Guadalupe Mountains of Hidalgo County are a 13 mi long, sub– range in southwest Hidalgo County, New Mexico, adjacent the southeast border of Arizona's Cochise County. A small portion of the range is in Cochise County, namely the outlet of Guadalupe Canyon, famous for the Guadalupe...
      
      
  35. –Hueco Mountains
      Hueco Mountains
      The Hueco Mountains are a range of mountains that rise in southern Otero County, New Mexico and extend twenty-seven miles south into Texas, generally along the El Paso-Hudspeth county line just east of the city of El Paso, Texas...
      
      
  36. –Jarilla Mountains
  37. –Jemez Mountains
      Jemez Mountains
      The Jemez Mountains are a volcanic group of mountains in New Mexico, United States. The highest point in the range is Chicoma Mountain at an elevation of 11,561 feet . The town of Los Alamos and Los Alamos National Laboratory adjoin the eastern side of the range while the town of Jemez Springs...
      
      
  38. –Jerky Mountains
  39. –Jicarilla Mountains
  40. –Kelly Mountains
  41. –Ladron Mountains
  42. –Little Burro Mountains
      Little Burro Mountains
      The Little Burro Mountains are a short 15 mi long, mountain range located in Grant County, New Mexico. The range lies adjacent to the southeast border of the larger Big Burro Mountains. The Little Burro Mountains are located 8 mi southwest of Silver City...
      
      
  43. –Little Hatchet Mountains
  44. –Long Canyon Mountains
  45. –Los Pinos Mountains
  46. –Luera Mountains
      Luera Mountains
      The Luera Mountains are a 15 mi long, mountain range in southeast Catron County, New Mexico, USA and in the central-southeast of the Plains of San Agustin...
      
      
  47. –Magdalena Mountains
      Magdalena Mountains
      The Magdalena Mountains are a small in area, but regionally high, mountain range in Socorro County, in west-central New Mexico in the southwestern United States. The highest point in the range is South Baldy, at 10,783 ft . The range runs roughly north-south and is about 18 miles long...
      
      
  48. –Mangas Mountains
  49. –Manzano Mountains
      Manzano Mountains
      The Manzano Mountains are a small mountain range in the central part of the US State of New Mexico. They are oriented north-south and are about 40 miles long. The center of the range lies about 25 miles southeast of Albuquerque, and the northern foothills are just a few miles east of the edge of...
      
      
  50. –Mimbres Mountains
  51. –Mogollon Mountains
      Mogollon Mountains
      The Mogollon Mountains or Mogollon Range are a mountain range east of the San Francisco River in Grant and Catron counties of southwestern New Mexico, between the communities of Reserve and Silver City. They extend roughly north-south for about 30 miles , and form part of the divide between the...
      
      
  52. –Mule Mountains (New Mexico)
  53. –Nacimiento Mountains
      Nacimiento Mountains
      The Sierra Nacimiento , or Nacimiento Mountains, are a mountain range in the northwestern part of the US state of New Mexico. They are just west of the more prominent Jemez Mountains near the town of Cuba, and are separated from them by the Río Guadalupe and the Río de Las Vacas...
      
      
  54. –Organ Mountains
      Organ Mountains
      The Organ Mountains are a rugged mountain range in southern New Mexico in the Southwestern United States. They lie east of the city of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County.-Geography:...
      
      
  55. –Ortiz Mountains
  56. –Oscura Mountains
  57. –Peloncillo Mountains (Hidalgo County)
      Peloncillo Mountains (Hidalgo County)
      The Peloncillo Mountains of Hidalgo County, , is a major 35-mi long mountain range of southwest New Mexico's Hidalgo County, and also part of the New Mexico Bootheel region. The range continues to the northwest into Arizona as the Peloncillo Mountains of Cochise County, Arizona...
      
      
  58. –Picacho Mountains
  59. –Pinos Altos Range
  60. –Pyramid Mountains
      Pyramid Mountains
      The Pyramid Mountains are a 30 mi long, mountain range in central-east Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The city of Lordsburg is at its northern border, where the range causes Interstate 10 to traverse northeast, then southeast around the range....
      
      
  61. –Rincon Mountains (New Mexico)
  62. –Robledo Mountains
      Robledo Mountains
      The Robledo Mountains are a mountain range in Doña Ana County, New Mexico just northwest of Las Cruces. The range was named for Pedro Robledo, who died on May 21, 1598 and was buried nearby. Robledo was the first casualty of the Oñate expedition to colonize the upper Rio Grande valley...
      
      
  63. –Sacramento Mountains
      Sacramento Mountains
      The Sacramento Mountains are a mountain range in the south-central part of the U.S. state of New Mexico, lying just east of Alamogordo in Otero County...
      
      
  64. –Saliz Mountains
  65. –San Andres Mountains
      San Andres Mountains
      The San Andres Mountains are a mountain range in the southwestern U.S. state of New Mexico, in the counties of Socorro, Sierra, and Doña Ana. The range extends about 75 miles north to south, but are only about 12 miles wide at their widest...
      
      
  66. –San Augustin Mountains
      San Augustin Mountains
      The San Augustin Mountains are a small mountain subrange at the southern terminus of the San Andres Mountains east of Las Cruces, New Mexico. Organ lies at the southwest foothills; the townsite, White Sands, NM lies to the southeast at the southwest of the Tularosa Valley.-Description:The San...
      
      
  67. –San Francisco Mountains (New Mexico)
  68. –San Luis Mountains (New Mexico)
  69. –San Mateo Mountains (Cibola County, New Mexico)
      San Mateo Mountains (Cibola County, New Mexico)
      The San Mateo Mountains are a small mountain range in Cibola and McKinley counties of New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. The highest point in the range is Mount Taylor, at 11,301 ft . The range lies just northeast of the community of Grants, and about 60 miles west of Albuquerque...
      
      
  70. –San Mateo Mountains (Socorro County, New Mexico)
      San Mateo Mountains (Socorro County, New Mexico)
      The San Mateo Mountains are a small mountain range in Socorro County, in west-central New Mexico in the southwestern United States. The highest point in the range is West Blue Mountain, at 10,336 ft . The range runs roughly north-south and is about 40 miles long...
      
      
  71. –San Pedro Mountains (Rio Arriba County, New Mexico)
  72. –San Pedro Mountains (Santa Fe County, New Mexico)
  73. –Sandia Mountains
      Sandia Mountains
      The Sandia Mountains name posu gai hoo-oo, "where water slides down arroyo") are a mountain range located in Bernalillo and Sandoval counties, immediately to the east of the city of Albuquerque in New Mexico in the southwestern United States. The range is largely within the Cibola National...
      
      
  74. –Sangre de Cristo Mountains
      Sangre de Cristo Mountains
      The Sangre de Cristo Mountains are the southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains. They are located in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico in the United States...
      
      
  75. –Sawtooth Mountains (New Mexico)
  76. –Sierra Aguilada
      Sierra Aguilada
      The Sierra Aguilada is a short, higher altitude mountain range in southwest Catron County, New Mexico on the eastern perimeter of Arizona's White Mountains. The region is at the east perimeter of the Arizona transition zone with its Mogollon Rim. The Mogollon Mountains of New Mexico lie just east,...
      
      
  77. –Sierra Blanca (New Mexico)
  78. –Sierra de las Uvas
      Sierra de las Uvas
      The Sierra de las Uvas or Grape Mountains are a mountain range in Doña Ana County, New Mexico....
      
      
  79. –Sierra Rica
  80. –Socorro Mountains
  81. –Taos Mountains
  82. –Tres Hermanas
  83. –Tularosa Mountains
  84. –Turkey Mountains
  85. –Vera Cruz Mountains
  86. –Victorio Mountains
  87. –West Potrillo Mountains
      West Potrillo Mountains
      The West Potrillo Mountains are a mountain range in south central Dona Ana County, New Mexico, United States. They are located approximately 40 miles northwest of El Paso, Texas, 25 miles southwest of Las Cruces, New Mexico, and 35 miles southeast of Deming, New Mexico...
      
      
  88. –Zuni Mountains
      Zuni Mountains
      The Zuni Mountains are a mountain range in Cibola County of northwestern New Mexico. The range is located largely in the Cibola National Forest, lying south of Interstate 40 from southeast of Gallup to southwest of Grants. The range is about sixty miles long and forty miles wide...
      
      

List of associated landforms

• Animas Valley
  Animas Valley
  The Animas Valley is a lengthy and narrow, north-south 85 mi long, valley located in western Hidalgo County, New Mexico in the Bootheel Region; the extreme south of the valley lies in Chihuahua, in the northwest of the Chihuahuan Desert, the large desert region of the north-central Mexican...
  
  
• Big Hatchet Peak
• Brushy Mountain
• Caballo Lake State Park
  Caballo Lake State Park
  Caballo Lake State Park is a state park of New Mexico, USA, located south of Truth or Consequences on the Rio Grande. Caballo Lake was created in the 1930s when an earthen dam was built across the Rio Grande. The dam is tall and across...
  
  
• Capitan Mountains Wilderness
• Chupadera Mesa, Chupadera, New Mexico
• Cimarron Canyon, Cimarron River
• Cookes Peak
• Doña Ana Peak
• Elk Mountain
• Florida Peak
• Gallinas Peak
• Hachita Valley
  Hachita Valley
  The Hachita Valley, , is a small valley in southwest New Mexico. The valley is in the east of the New Mexico Bootheel region and borders Chihuahua state, Mexico...
  
  
• Jicarilla Peak
• Ladron Peak
  Ladron Peak
  Ladrón Peak is an isolated, highly visible peak in central New Mexico, lying about 50 mi southwest of Albuquerque. Ladron Peak is the only major peak in the compact range known as the Sierra Ladrones, which lies between the Rio Puerco to the east and the Rio Salado to the southwest.Despite...
  
  
• Manzano Peak
  Manzano Peak
  Manzano Peak is the highest peak in the Manzano Mountains, a mountain range in the central part of the US State of New Mexico. It lies southwest of the town of Manzano and east-southeast of the town of Belen, in the Manzano Mountain Wilderness Area, part of the Mountainair Ranger District of the...
  
  
• Mimbres Peak, Mimbres River
  Mimbres River
  The Mimbres River is a river in southwestern New Mexico. It forms from snow pack and runoff on the south-western slopes of the Black Range and flows into a small endorheic basin east of Deming, New Mexico. The uplands watershed are administered by the US Forest Service, while the land in the...
  
  
• Mule Creek, New Mexico
  Mule Creek, New Mexico
  Mule Creek is an unincorporated community in Grant County, New Mexico, United States. Mule Creek is located on New Mexico State Road 78 northwest of Silver City. Mule Creek has a post office with ZIP code 88051....
  
  
• Oscura Peak
• Plains of San Augustin
  Plains of San Augustin
  The Plains of San Agustin are found in the southwestern U.S. state of New Mexico in the San Agustin Basin, south of U.S. Highway 60. They are located in Catron and Socorro Counties, about 50 miles west of the town of Socorro and about 25 miles north of Reserve...
  
  
• Pyramid Peak
• Sacramento Canyon
• San Andres Peak, San Andres National Wildlife Refuge
  San Andres National Wildlife Refuge
  The San Andres National Wildlife Refuge is located in the southern San Andres Mountains of southcentral New Mexico, USA. The mountain range, which lies within the northernmost extension of the Chihuahuan Desert, rises to an elevation of 8,229 feet at San Andres peak...
  
  
• San Augustin Pass, San Augustin Peak
• San Mateo Canyon, San Mateo Mesa
• San Simon Valley
  San Simon Valley
  The San Simon Valley is a broad valley east of the Chiricahua Mountains, in the northeast corner of Cochise County, Arizona and southeastern Graham County, with a small portion near Antelope Pass in Hidalgo County of southwestern New Mexico. The valley trends generally north-south but in its...
  
  
• Sandia Mountain Wilderness
  Sandia Mountain Wilderness
  Sandia Mountain Wilderness, part of Cibola National Forest, is located east of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It became part of the National Wilderness Preservation System in 1978 by an act of the United States Congress and has a total of ....
  
  
• Sierra Blanca
  Sierra Blanca
  Sierra Blanca is a range of volcanic mountains in Lincoln and Otero counties of south-central New Mexico. The range is about from north to south and wide, and is dominated by Sierra Blanca Peak, whose highest point is at...
  
  
• Taos Peak
• Truchas Peak
  Truchas Peak
  Truchas Peak is the second highest independent peak in the US State of New Mexico. It is in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains 26 mi northeast of Santa Fe. It lies within the Pecos Wilderness, part of the Santa Fe National Forest...
  
  
• Tularosa Basin
  Tularosa Basin
  The Tularosa Basin is a graben basin in the Basin and Range Province and within the Chihuahuan Desert, east of the Rio Grande in southern New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States.-Geography:...
  
  
• Valles Caldera
• Victorio Peak
  Victorio Peak
  Victorio Peak is a high rocky outcropping in the Hembrillo Basin in southern New Mexico. This was one of Chief Victorio's hideouts, and was the site of a battle in 1880 between Victorio's Apaches and the U.S. Army Ninth Cavalry "Buffalo Soldiers"...
  
  
• Wheeler Peak (New Mexico)
  Wheeler Peak (New Mexico)
  Wheeler Peak is, at 13,161 ft, the highest peak in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It is located northeast of Taos in the northern part of the state, and just 2 miles southeast of the ski slopes of Taos Ski Valley...