List of plants with edible leaves - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

List of leaf vegetables. Only plant

Plant

Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Precise definitions of the kingdom vary, but as the term is used here, plants include familiar organisms such as trees, flowers, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The group is also called green plants or...

s with leaves

Leaves

-History:Vocalist Arnar Gudjonsson was formerly the guitarist with Mower, and he was joined by Hallur Hallsson , Arnar Ólafsson , Bjarni Grímsson , and Andri Ásgrímsson . Late in 2001 they played with Emiliana Torrini and drew early praise from the New York Times...

that are traditionally well-known as food items and that are safe to eat are included in the list.
Leaves that are consumed in small quantities as a spice like oregano

Oregano

Oregano – scientifically named Origanum vulgare by Carolus Linnaeus – is a common species of Origanum, a genus of the mint family . It is native to warm-temperate western and southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region.Oregano is a perennial herb, growing from 20–80 cm tall,...

or for medicinal purposes, like Common Lime

Lime (fruit)

Lime is a term referring to a number of different citrus fruits, both species and hybrids, which are typically round, green to yellow in color, 3–6 cm in diameter, and containing sour and acidic pulp. Limes are a good source of vitamin C. Limes are often used to accent the flavors of foods and...

, or used in infusion

Infusion

An infusion is the outcome of steeping plants with desired chemical compounds or flavors in water or oil.-History:The first recorded use of essential oils was in the 10th or 11th century by the Persian polymath Avicenna, possibly in The Canon of Medicine.-Preparation techniques:An infusion is very...

s like tea

Tea

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by adding cured leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant to hot water. The term also refers to the plant itself. After water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world...

, are not included in this list.

History

Humans have used leaves as food since time immemorial. Different types of leaves, depending from the place and the season, were part of the human diet since prehistoric times. Traces of edible leaves have been found in ancient Egyptian archaeological sites. Some edible leaves were historically documented in ancient Greece

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece is a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity. Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Included in Ancient Greece is the...

, in ancient Rome

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....

and in the Middle Ages

Middle Ages

The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...

. With the passing of the centuries many of those traditional leaf vegetables have been replaced by leaves that are more tender, have a more neutral taste or that are considered more refined.
The leaves that were part of ancient traditional diets are still to be found in the wild, sometimes at the edge of cultivated fields, or near abandoned homesteads. Generally they are found not far from inhabited places, indicating that they are the vestiges of ancient cultivated plants.

There are places, like the Italian region of Liguria

Liguria

Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. Its capital is Genoa. It is a popular region with tourists for its beautiful beaches, picturesque little towns, and good food.-Geography:...

, where it is customary to go to the fields in spring to gather different kinds of edible leaves. These are later boiled to prepare preboggion, a local green mixture, that is generally used to stuff ravioli

Ravioli

Ravioli are a traditional type of Italian filled pasta. They are composed of a filling sealed between two layers of thin egg pasta dough and are served either in broth or with a pasta sauce. The word ravioli is reminiscent of the Italian verb riavvolgere , though the two words are not...

-like pasta. Also in Greece

Greece

Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....

the tradition of eating a great variety of different leafy greens gathered in the fields has been preserved. These are eaten as a dish called horta.

Precautions

Moderate quantities of edible leaf vegetable

Leaf vegetable

Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, green vegetables, greens, leafy greens or salad greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots...

s that are proportionate to amounts in local dishes, according to culture and place are harmless unless there are allergies to chemicals in the leaves. For example, some people are allergic to celery

Celery

Apium graveolens is a plant species in the family Apiaceae commonly known as celery or celeriac , depending on whether the petioles or roots are eaten: celery refers to the former and celeriac to the latter. Apium graveolens grows to 1 m tall...

leaves. At any rate, it is advisable not to eat large quantities of any particular leaf for protracted periods.

Some species, such as spinach

Spinach

Spinach is an edible flowering plant in the family of Amaranthaceae. It is native to central and southwestern Asia. It is an annual plant , which grows to a height of up to 30 cm. Spinach may survive over winter in temperate regions...

and amaranth

Amaranth

Amaranthus, collectively known as amaranth, is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs. Approximately 60 species are recognized, with inflorescences and foliage ranging from purple and red to gold...

, contain oxalic acid

Oxalic acid

Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula H2C2O4. This colourless solid is a dicarboxylic acid. In terms of acid strength, it is about 3,000 times stronger than acetic acid. Oxalic acid is a reducing agent and its conjugate base, known as oxalate , is a chelating agent for metal cations...

and should not be eaten on a regular basis without boiling

Boiling

Boiling is the rapid vaporization of a liquid, which occurs when a liquid is heated to its boiling point, the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding environmental pressure. While below the boiling point a liquid...

and discarding the water.

The fact that a certain leaf is part of the traditional cuisine of a country or an area is no guarantee that it is harmless as food. The leaves of the Black Nightshade

Solanum nigrum

Solanum nigrum is a species in the Solanum genus, native to Eurasia and introduced in the Americas, Australasia and South Africa.-Description:Black...

(Solanum nigrum) and similar species, contain solanine

Solanine

Solanine is a glycoalkaloid poison found in species of the nightshade family , such as the potato . It can occur naturally in any part of the plant, including the leaves, fruit, and tubers. Solanine has fungicidal and pesticidal properties, and it is one of the plant's natural defenses...

, an alkaloid

Alkaloid

Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Also some synthetic compounds of similar structure are attributed to alkaloids...

. Despite their categorization among poisonous plants, nightshade species are part of the cuisine of certain countries, such as Ethiopia

Ethiopia

Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...

, India

India

India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

, and Greece

Greece

Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....

. The leaves are cooked in salty water, which is often boiled and drained more than once.

Emergency food

Another category comprises edible leaves--from plants such as alfalfa

Alfalfa

Alfalfa is a flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae cultivated as an important forage crop in the US, Canada, Argentina, France, Australia, the Middle East, South Africa, and many other countries. It is known as lucerne in the UK, France, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, and known as...

, Ruppia maritima

Ruppia maritima

Ruppia maritima is a species of aquatic plant known by the common name wigeongrass. Despite its Latin name, it is not a marine plant; is perhaps best described as a salt-tolerant freshwater species.-Distribution:...

, rice

Rice

Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...

or wheat

Wheat

Wheat is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East, but now cultivated worldwide. In 2007 world production of wheat was 607 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize and rice...

, and cultivated legumes--that are used as emergency or famine food. They are eaten only durng times of famine or in isolated areas when fishing or hunting fails. Most such leaves are very rough fare as they are often used as fodder

Fodder

Fodder or animal feed is any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. Most animal feed is from plants but some is of animal origin...

in times of plenty. During Holodomor

Holodomor

The Holodomor was a man-made famine in the Ukrainian SSR between 1932 and 1933. During the famine, which is also known as the "terror-famine in Ukraine" and "famine-genocide in Ukraine", millions of Ukrainians died of starvation in a peacetime catastrophe unprecedented in the history of...

, for instance, desperate Ukrainians ate leaves from bushes and trees when no other food was available.

Generally, the types of leaves that are eaten during emergency times cannot be considered acceptable leafy greens and have not been included in the list.

Key

Citations marked with Ecoport are from the Ecoport Web site, an ecology portal developed in collaboration with the FAO
Fão
Fão is a town in Esposende Municipality in Portugal....

.
Those marked with GRIN are from the GRIN Taxonomy of Food Plants.
Sources marked with Duke are from James Duke's book Handbook of Energy Crops.

! Species !! Common name !! Observations
|-> | • Acacia pennata (L.) Willd.

Acacia pennata

Acacia pennata is a species of acacia which is native to South and Southeast Asia. It is a shrub or small tropical tree which grows up to 5 metres in height. Its leaves are bipinnate with linear-oblong and glabrous pinnules. Its yellowish flowers are terminal panicles with globose heads...

> | • Campanula versicolor >

• Abutilon theophrasti Abutilon theophrasti Abutilon theophrasti is an annual plant in the family Malvaceae, native to southern Asia. It grows to 1 m tall, and has velvet-like heart-shaped leaves 15–25 cm broad...	China Jute	The taste is good, but since the texture of the leaves is cloth-like and not crisp, it is not very suitable for being eaten raw.
Climbing wattle	>-	• Acmella oleracea Acmella oleracea Acmella oleracea, also known under its old names Spilanthes oleracea and Spilanthes acmella and commonly referred to as Spilanthes Extract, is a flowering herb in the plant family Asteraceae, also known as toothache plant or paracress as the leaves and flower heads contain an analgesic agent...	Paracress	Madagascar Madagascar The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa... where they are used to prepare a dish known as romazava >- \| • Althaea officinalis Althaea officinalis Althaea officinalis is a species indigenous to Africa, which is used as a medicinal plant and ornamental plant...	Common Marshmallow	>- \| • Amaranthus cruentus Amaranthus cruentus Amaranthus cruentus is a common flowering plant species that yields the nutritious staple amaranth grain. It is one of three Amaranthus species cultivated as a grain source, the other two being Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Amaranthus caudatus...	Purple amaranth	>- \| • Amaranthus retroflexus Amaranthus retroflexus Amaranthus retroflexus is a species of flowering plant in the Amaranthaceae family with several common names, including Red-root Amaranth, Redroot Pigweed, Red Rooted Pigweed, Common Amaranth, and common tumble weed....	Common amaranth	>- \| • Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthus spinosus, commonly known as the spiny amaranth, prickly amaranth or thorny amaranth. It is native to the tropical Americas, but it is present on most continents as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. It can be a serious weed of rice cultivation in Asia...	Prickly amaranth	>- \| • Amaranthus tricolor Amaranthus tricolor Amaranthus tricolor is an ornamental plant known as Bhaji in India, Callaloo in the Caribbean and Joseph's coat after the Biblical figure Joseph, who is said to have worn a coat of many colors...	Amaranth	>- \| • Amaranthus viridis Amaranthus viridis Amaranthus viridis is a cosmopolitan species in the botanical family Amaranthaceae and is commonly known as Slender Amaranth or Green Amaranth.-Gastronomy:...	Slender amaranth	>- \| • Apium graveolens	Celery	anaphylactic shock Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is defined as "a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death". It typically results in a number of symptoms including throat swelling, an itchy rash, and low blood pressure... . >- \| • Atriplex hortensis Atriplex hortensis Atriplex hortensis, also known as Garden Orache, Red Orach, Mountain Spinach, French Spinach, or simply "orache" or arrach, is a hardy, annual plant, with an erect, branching stem, varying in height from two to six feet, according to the variety and soil...	Garden orache	>- \| • Barbarea verna Barbarea verna Land cress , also known as American cress, bank cress, black wood cress, Belle Isle cress, Bermuda cress, early yellowrocket, early wintercress, scurvy cress, and upland cress, is a biennial herb in the family Brassicaceae. It is native to southwestern Europe, but is also cultivated in Florida...	Bank cress	>- \| • Barringtonia acutangula Barringtonia acutangula Barringtonia acutangula is a species of Barringtonia native to coastal wetlands in southern Asia and northern Australasia, from Afghanistan east to the Philippines and Queensland.-Medicinal Uses:Antitumor Antibiotic...	Chik-nam, Kra don	Nam phrik Nam phrik Nam phrik , generally pronounced "Nam phik", is a generic term that may refer to any of the types of more or less thick spicy, often chili based, hot sauces typical of Thai cuisine. The main ingredients of Nam phrik are fresh or dry chilies, garlic, shallots, fish sauce, lime juice and/or some kind... . Popular in Isan Isan Isan is the northeastern region of Thailand. It is located on the Khorat Plateau, bordered by the Mekong River to the north and east, by Cambodia to the southeast and the Prachinburi mountains south of Nakhon Ratchasima... >- \| • Basella alba Basella alba Basella alba, or Malabar spinach is a perennial vine found in the tropics where it is widely used as a leaf vegetable.-Names:...	Indian spinach	>-	• Beta cicla Chard Chard , is a leafy green vegetable often used in Mediterranean cooking. While the leaves are always green, chard stalks vary in color. Chard has been bred to have highly nutrious leaves at the expense of the root...	Chard	>-	• Beta vulgaris maritima	Sea Beet	>- \| • Borago officinalis	Common Borage	>- \| • Brassica carinata A. Braun Brassica carinata Brassica carinata is a member of the Triangle of U species in the agriculturally significant Brassica genus...	Abyssinian Cabbage	>- \| • Brassica juncea (L.) Czernjaew Brassica juncea Brassica juncea, also known as mustard greens, Indian mustard, Chinese mustard, and leaf mustard, is a species of mustard plant. Subvarieties include southern giant curled mustard, which resembles a headless cabbage such as kale, but with a distinct horseradish-mustard flavor...	Indian mustard	>- \| • Brassica napus var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb.	Rutabaga	>- \| • Brassica napus var. pabularia (DC.) Rchb.	Rape Kale	>- \| • Brassica nigra (L.) Koch Brassica nigra Brassica nigra is an annual weedy plant cultivated for its seeds, which are commonly used as a spice.-Description:...	Black Mustard	>- \| • Brassica oleracea Brassica oleracea Brassica oleracea, or wild cabbage, is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe, where its tolerance of salt and lime and its intolerance of competition from other plants typically restrict its natural occurrence to limestone sea cliffs, like the chalk cliffs on both...	Wild Cabbage	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. acephala Brassica oleracea Brassica oleracea, or wild cabbage, is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe, where its tolerance of salt and lime and its intolerance of competition from other plants typically restrict its natural occurrence to limestone sea cliffs, like the chalk cliffs on both...	Kale	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L. H. Bailey) Musil Kai-lan Kai-lan, also known as Chinese broccoli, is a leaf vegetable featuring thick, flat, glossy blue-green leaves with thick stems and a small number of tiny, almost vestigial flower heads similar to those of broccoli. Broccoli and kai-lan belong to the same species Brassica oleracea, but kai-lan is in...	Kai-lan	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Cauliflower Cauliflower is one of several vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea, in the family Brassicaceae. It is an annual plant that reproduces by seed...	Cauliflower	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. capitata Cabbage Cabbage is a popular cultivar of the species Brassica oleracea Linne of the Family Brassicaceae and is a leafy green vegetable...	Cabbage	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Zenker	Brussels Sprouts	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck Broccoli Broccoli is a plant in the cabbage family, whose large flower head is used as a vegetable.-General:The word broccoli, from the Italian plural of , refers to "the flowering top of a cabbage"....	Broccoli	>- \| • Brassica rapa Turnip The turnip or white turnip is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, bulbous taproot. Small, tender varieties are grown for human consumption, while larger varieties are grown as feed for livestock...	Turnip	>- \| • Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A. R. Clapham	Wild turnip	>- \| • Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt Chinese cabbage Chinese cabbage can refer to two distinct varieties of Chinese leaf vegetables used often in Chinese cuisine. These vegetables are both related to the Western cabbage, and are of the same species as the common turnip...	Bok Choi	>- \| • Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt Savoy cabbage Savoy cabbage is a variety of the cabbage, a cultivar of the plant species Brassica oleracea. Savoy cabbage is a winter vegetable. A variety of the savoy cabbage is the January King Cabbage....	Chinese Savoy	>- \| • Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt Mizuna Mizuna , also called Xiu Cai, Kyona, Japanese Mustard, Potherb Mustard, Japanese Greens, California Peppergrass, Spider Mustard, etc., is a Japanese name used primarily for cultivated varieties of Brassica rapa nipposinica but also for Brassica juncea var...	Mizuna	>- \| • Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt Napa cabbage Napa cabbage , also known as celery cabbage, is a type of Chinese cabbage originating near the Beijing region of China, and is widely used in East Asian cuisine. In much of the world, this is the vegetable referred to as "Chinese cabbage"...	Napa Cabbage	>- \| • Brassica rapa subspecies rapa Rapini Rapini Rapini Rapini (also known as Broccoli Rabe (or Raap or Raab), Broccoletti, Broccoli di Rape, Cime di Rapa, Rape, Rappi, Friarielli (in Naples) is a common vegetable in the cuisines of southern Italy (in particular Basilicata , Puglia, and Sicily), Galicia (northwestern Spain), and China...	Rapini	>- \| • Campanula rapunculus Campanula rapunculus Campanula rapunculus, common name Rampion Bellflower, Rampion, or Rover Bellflower, is a species of bellflower in the family Campanulaceae....	Rampion	It was once widely grown in Europe for its leaves, which were used like spinach
Harebell	>- \| • Capparis spinosa	Caper	>- \| • Celosia argentea var. argentea Celosia argentea Celosia argentea, commonly known as plumed cockscomb, is a plant of tropical origin, and is known for its very bright colors.-Description:...	Wild Coxcomb	>- \| • Centella asiatica Centella asiatica Centella asiatica is a small herbaceous annual plant of the family Mackinlayaceae or subfamily Mackinlayoideae of family Apiaceae, and is native to India, Sri Lanka, northern Australia, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Melanesia, Papua New Guinea, and other parts of Asia...	Asian pennywort	>- \| • Chenopodium album Chenopodium album Chenopodium album is a fast-growing weedy annual plant in the genus Chenopodium.Though cultivated in some regions, the plant is elsewhere considered a weed...	Lamb's Quarters	Palak Spinach Spinach is an edible flowering plant in the family of Amaranthaceae. It is native to central and southwestern Asia. It is an annual plant , which grows to a height of up to 30 cm. Spinach may survive over winter in temperate regions... in Northern India. Also used to stuff paratha Paratha A paratha/parantha/parauntha is an Indian flat-bread that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Paratha is an amalgamation of the words parat and atta which literally means layers of cooked dough... >- \| • Chenopodium ambrosioides	American Wormseed	Chenopodium Chenopodium Chenopodium is a genus of about 150 species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classifications separate it and its relatives as Chenopodiaceae, but... species are edible, but mostly mediocre as a leaf vegetable. >- \| • Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae (Saff.) H. D. Wilson & Heiser Chenopodium berlandieri Chenopodium berlandieri, also known by the common names pitseed goosefoot, huauzontle, and lambsquarters, is an annual herbaceous plant in the goosefoot family....	Southern Huauzontle	>- \| • Chenopodium bonus-henricus	Good King Henry	>- \| • Chenopodium giganteum D. Don Chenopodium giganteum Chenopodium giganteum is a very large annual leafy vegetable that grows over 8 feet tall...	Tree Spinach	>- \| • Chenopodium glaucum	Oak-Leaved Goosefoot	>- \| • Chenopodium nuttalliae	Huauzontle	Ecoport >- \| • Chenopodium quinoa subsp. quinoa	Quinoa	>- \| • Chenopodium rubrum Chenopodium rubrum Chenopodium rubrum is a member of the genus Chenopodium, the goosefoots. It is native to North America and Eurasia.-External links:***...	Red Goosefoot	>- \| • Chrysanthemum coronarium	Garland chrysanthemum	>- \| • Cichorium endivia Endive Endive , Cichorium endivia, is a leaf vegetable belonging to the daisy family. Endive can be cooked or used raw in salads.-Background:Endive is also a common name for some types of chicory...	Endive	>- \| • Cichorium endivia var. crispum Endive Endive , Cichorium endivia, is a leaf vegetable belonging to the daisy family. Endive can be cooked or used raw in salads.-Background:Endive is also a common name for some types of chicory... ,	Curly endive	>- \| • Cichorium endivia var. latifolium Endive Endive , Cichorium endivia, is a leaf vegetable belonging to the daisy family. Endive can be cooked or used raw in salads.-Background:Endive is also a common name for some types of chicory... ,	Broad-leaved endive	>- \| • Cichorium intybus	Chicory	Fave Vicia faba This article refers to the Broad Bean plant. For Broadbean the company, see Broadbean, Inc.Vicia faba, the Broad Bean, Fava Bean, Field Bean, Bell Bean or Tic Bean, is a species of bean native to north Africa and southwest Asia, and extensively cultivated elsewhere. A variety is provisionally... in Northern Italy >- \| • Cichorium intybus Radicchio Radicchio is a leaf chicory , sometimes known as Italian chicory and is a perennial. It is grown as a leaf vegetable which usually has white-veined red leaves. It has a bitter and spicy taste, which mellows when it is grilled or roasted.- History :Humans have been using radicchio since ancient times...	Radicchio	>- \| • Cirsium oleraceum Cirsium oleraceum Cirsium oleraceum is a species of thistle in the genus Cirsium, native to central and eastern Europe and Asia, where it grows in wet lowland soils....	Cabbage thistle	>-	• Claytonia perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata is a fleshy annual plant native to the western mountain and coastal regions of North America from southernmost Alaska and central British Columbia south to Central America, but most common in California in the Sacramento and northern San...	Miner's lettuce	>-	• Claytonia sibirica Claytonia sibirica Claytonia sibirica is a flowering plant in the family Portulacaceae, native to Siberia and western North America. A synonym is Montia sibirica...	Siberian spring beauty	beet Beet The beet is a plant in the Chenopodiaceae family which is now included in Amaranthaceae family. It is best known in its numerous cultivated varieties, the most well known of which is the purple root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet... -flavoured leaves. >- \| • Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Coccinia grandis Coccinia grandis, the ivy gourd, also known as baby watermelon, little gourd or gentleman's toes is a tropical vine.- Geographic spread :...	Ivy Gourd	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Colocasia esculenta Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown primarily for its edible corms, the root vegetables whose many names include Taro and Eddoe. It is believed to be one of the earliest cultivated plants.-Description:Rhizomes of different shapes and sizes...	Taro	Mauritius Mauritius Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar... . >- \| • Corchorus olitorius	Jew's mallow	GRIN, Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Coriandrum sativum	Cilantro, Coriander	Ecoport >- \| • Crambe maritima	Sea kale	>- \| • Crassocephalum crepidioides Crassocephalum crepidioides Crassocephalum crepidioides, also called ebolo, thickhead, redflower ragleaf, or fireweed, is an erect annual slightly succulent herb growing up to 180 cm tall. Its use is widespread in many tropical and subtropical regions, but is especially prominent in tropical Africa...	Redflower ragleaf	>- \| • Cratoxylum formosum Cratoxylum formosum Cratoxylum formosum or pink mempat is a species of flowering plant in the Hypericaceae family. Its commercial name in timber production is "mampat" ....	Phak tiu som or Phak tiu daeng	>- \| • Crithmum maritimum	Samphire	cask Barrel A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container, traditionally made of vertical wooden staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. Traditionally, the barrel was a standard size of measure referring to a set capacity or weight of a given commodity. A small barrel is called a keg.For example, a... s of seawater from the Isle of Wight Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–4 miles off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent... to market in London at the end of May each year. >- \| • Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn.	Chipilín	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk.	Mitsuba	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Cyclanthera pedata (L.) Schrader	Caigua	GRIN >- \| • Cynara cardunculus	Cardoon	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.	Vegetable fern	fern Fern A fern is any one of a group of about 12,000 species of plants belonging to the botanical group known as Pteridophyta. Unlike mosses, they have xylem and phloem . They have stems, leaves, and roots like other vascular plants... GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Eruca sativa Miller	Arugula	GRIN >- \| • Emex spinosa Emex spinosa Emex spinosa, commonly known as lesser jack, is an annual herbaceous plant of the Polygonaceae. It originates in the warmer parts of the old world, but now has spread with man to other places. It is common in disturbed areas, aspecially in sandy soils...	Lesser jack	>- \| • Eryngium foetidum Eryngium foetidum Eryngium foetidum is a tropical perennial and annual herb in the family Apiaceae. It is native to Mexico and South America but is cultivated worldwide...	Bhandhanya, Culantro	>- \| • Foeniculum vulgare Miller	Fennel	Ecoport >- \| • Galactites tomentosa Galactites tomentosa Galactites tomentosa, common names: Purple Milk Thistle, is a biennial or annual herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Galactites of the Asteraceae family. The name derives from the greek γάλα , referring to the dense white hairs covering the stems and leaves of this...	Scarlina	Ecoport >- \| • Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Galinsoga parviflora Galinsoga parviflora is a herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae family. It has several common names including Guasca , Mielcilla , Galinsoga , gallant soldier ....	Gallant Soldier	Ecoport >- \| • Glechoma hederacea Glechoma hederacea Glechoma hederacea is an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae. It is commonly known as Ground-ivy, gill-over-the-ground or Creeping Charlie. It has numerous medicinal uses, and is commonly used as a tasty salad green in many countries...	Ground Ivy	Ecoport >- \| • Glinus lotoides Glinus lotoides Glinus lotoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Molluginaceae known by the common names damascisa and lotus sweetjuice. It is native to Eurasia and Africa and it is known in many other places as an introduced species. It is a prostrate to somewhat upright annual herb with a stem up to...	Lotus sweetjuice	>- \| • Gnetum gnemon Gnetum gnemon Gnetum gnemon is a species of Gnetum native to southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean islands, from Assam south and east through Indonesia and Malaysia to the Philippines and Fiji...	Melindjo	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Gynura crepioides Gynura crepioides Gynura crepioides or okinawan spinach is a sub-tropical vegetable that forms a dense, non-vining, edible ground cover that grows well in full sun or partial shade. It is a vigorous, perennial vegetable that is adaptable to a variety of tropical climates and requires little if any additional input...	Okinawan Spinach	>- \| • Halimione portulacoides Halimione portulacoides Halimione portulacoides or sea purslane is a small greyish-green shrub widely distributed in temperate Eurasia and parts of Africa. A halophyte, it is found in salt marshes and coastal dunes, and is usually flooded at high tide....	Sea purslane	>-	• Hirschfeldia incana Hirschfeldia incana Hirschfeldia incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by many common names, including Shortpod mustard, Buchanweed, Hoary mustard and Mediterranean mustard. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Hirschfeldia, which is closely related to Brassica...	Shortpod mustard	>-	• Honckenya peploides Honckenya peploides Honckenya peploides or Sea sandwort or Seaside Sandplant is the only species in the genus Honckenya of the flowering plant family Caryophyllaceae. It is often spelled "Honkenya". It has a circumboreal distribution....	Sea sandwort	Subarctic Subarctic The Subarctic is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic and covering much of Alaska, Canada, the north of Scandinavia, Siberia, and northern Mongolia... areas Ecoport >- \| • Houttuynia cordata Thunberg	Fishwort	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Hydrophyllum canadense	John's Cabbage	Ecoport >- \| • Hydrophyllum virginianum Hydrophyllum virginianum The Virginia Waterleaf is an herbaceous perennial plant native to Eastern North America. The plant generally spreads by rhizomes to form large colonies in wooded areas. It can also spread by seeds. The seedling usually appear early to mid-spring. Flowers are blue, white, or purple, appearing in...	Shawnee Salad	Ecoport >- \| • Hyoseris radiata	>- \| • Hypochoeris maculata	Spotted Cat's-ear	>- \| • Hypochoeris radicata	Catsear	Ecoport >- \| • Inula crithmoides	Golden samphire	Ecoport >- \| • Inula helenium	Elecampane	Ecoport >- \| • Ipomoea aquatica Ipomoea aquatica Ipomoea aquatica is a semi-aquatic tropical plant grown as a leaf vegetable. It is known in English as Water Spinach, Water Morning Glory, Water Convolvulus, or by the more ambiguous names "Chinese spinach" and "swamp cabbage". It has many other names in other languages, such as "Phak bung" in Thai... Forssk.	Water Spinach	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Ipomoea batatas var. batatas	Sweet Potato	Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Kleinhovia hospita Kleinhovia hospita Kleinhovia hospita is an evergreen, tropical tree native to Indonesia, Malaysia and other parts of tropical Asia. It is monotypic, being the only species in its genus.- Description :...	Ecoport >- \| • Lablab purpureus	Lablab	spinach Spinach Spinach is an edible flowering plant in the family of Amaranthaceae. It is native to central and southwestern Asia. It is an annual plant , which grows to a height of up to 30 cm. Spinach may survive over winter in temperate regions... and the water has to be discarded. >- \| • Lactuca indica	Indian Lettuce	>- \| • Lactuca perennis Lactuca perennis Lactuca perennis, common names: Blue Lettuce or Perennial lettuce, is a perennial herbaceous plant species belonging to the genus Lactuca of the Asteraceae family.-Description:...	>- \| • Lactuca sativa	Lettuce	>- \| • Lactuca sativa var. angustana L. H. Bailey	Celtuce	>- \| • Lactuca serriola Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce is an annual or biennial plant, slightly foetid, that is commonly considered a weed of orchards, roadsides and field crops. The closest wild relative of cultivated lettuce , it grows throughout the temperate regions of all major continents. The leaves grow along a spiny stem and...	Prickly Lettuce	>- \| • Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley	Bottle Gourd	>- \| • Lallemantia iberica Lallemantia iberica Lallemantia iberica is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae.Originally from southwestern Asia it spread as a cultivated plant in prehistoric times to southeastern Europe, where, according to archaeobotanical research at sites in northern Greece, it was grown and the seeds were stored. The...	Dragon's head	Iran Iran Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia... as green vegetable >- \| • Lamium album Lamium album Lamium album is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native throughout Europe and Western Asia, growing in a variety of habitats from open grassland to woodland, generally on moist, fertile soils.-Growth:...	White deadnettle	>- \| • Lamium amplexicaule Lamium amplexicaule Lamium amplexicaule is a species of Lamium native to Europe, western Asia and northern Africa....	Henbit deadnettle	>- \| • Lamium purpureum	Red deadnettle	>- \| • Lapsana communis	Nipplewort	Ancient Rome Ancient Rome Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world.... . Presently it is not valued as a leafy vegetable >- \| • Leichhardtia australis	Bush Banana	>- \| • Leontodon hispidus	Hawkbit	>- \| • Leontodon tuberosus	>- \| • Lepidium campestre Lepidium campestre Lepidium campestre is an annual plant in the Brassicaceae or mustard family, native to Europe, but commonly found in North America as an invasive weed. The most notable characteristic of field pepperweed is the raceme of flowers which forks off of the stem...	Field pepperweed	Ecoport >- \| • Lepidium latifolium	Dittander	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Lepidium meyenii Walp. Lepidium meyenii Lepidium meyenii, known commonly as maca, is an herbaceous biennial plant or annual plant native to the high Andes of Peru and Bolivia. It is grown for its fleshy hypocotyl , which is used as a root vegetable and a medicinal herb...	Maca	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Lepidium sativum	Garden cress	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Lepidium virginicum Lepidium virginicum Lepidium virginicum, also known as Virginia pepperweed or peppergrass, is an annual or biennial plant in the Brassicaceae or mustard family. It is native to much of North America, including most of the United States and Mexico and southern regions of Canada, as well as most of Central America...	Virginia pepperweed	Ecoport >- \| • Leptadenia hastata	Decne	>- \| • Leucaena leucocephala	Phak kratin	Isan Isan Isan is the northeastern region of Thailand. It is located on the Khorat Plateau, bordered by the Mekong River to the north and east, by Cambodia to the southeast and the Prachinburi mountains south of Nakhon Ratchasima... ) >- \| • Levisticum officinale	Lovage	Ecoport >- \| • Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau Limnocharis flava Limnocharis flava is a species of aquatic flowering plant which is native to Southeast Asia. It is a roughly 50 cm tall plant growing in clumps....	Genjer	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Limnophila aromatica (Lamk) Merr. Limnophila aromatica Limnophila aromatica is a tropical flowering plant in the plantain family, Plantaginaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia, where it flourishes in hot temperatures and grows most often in watery environments, particularly in flooded rice fields...	Rice paddy herb, Ngò om	Ecoport >- \| • Limnophila indica (L.) Druce	Ecoport >- \| • Lysimachia clethroides	Gooseneck Loosestrife	>- \| • Malva neglecta Wallr. Malva neglecta Malva neglecta is also known as Common mallow in the United States and also buttonweed, cheeseplant, cheeseweed, dwarf mallow and roundleaf mallow.Although often considered a weed, this plant is reportedly consumed as a food...	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Malva parviflora Malva parviflora Malva parviflora is an annual or perennial herb that is native to Northern Africa, Europe and Asia and is widely naturalised elsewhere. Common names include cheeseweed, cheeseweed mallow, Egyptian mallow, least mallow, little mallow, mallow, marshmallow, small-flowered mallow, small-flowered...	Cheeseweed	Ecoport >- \| • Malva sylvestris Malva sylvestris Malva sylvestris is a species of the Mallow genus Malva in the family of Malvaceae and is considered to be the type species for the genus...	Mallow	GRIN >- \| • Malva verticillata Malva verticillata Malva verticillata, also known as the Chinese Mallow is a species of the Mallow genus Malva in the family of Malvaceae found in East Asia. M. verticillata is an annual or biennial that grow up to 1.7 meters in high and can inhabit woodland areas of different soil types. In temperate climates, it...	Musk Mallow	>- \| • Malva verticillata var. crispa Malva verticillata Malva verticillata, also known as the Chinese Mallow is a species of the Mallow genus Malva in the family of Malvaceae found in East Asia. M. verticillata is an annual or biennial that grow up to 1.7 meters in high and can inhabit woodland areas of different soil types. In temperate climates, it...	GRIN >- \| • Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta	Cassava	GRIN, Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Matteuccia struthiopteris	Kogomi	>- \| • Megacarpaea polyandra	多蕊高河菜 duo rui gao he cai	>- \| • Mentha arvensis piperascens Mentha arvensis Mentha arvensis is a species of mint with a circumboreal distribution. It is native to the temperate regions of Europe and western and central Asia, east to the Himalaya and eastern Siberia, and North America.It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 10–60 cm tall...	Japanese mint	>- \| • Mentha longifolia	Habek mint	Ecoport >- \| • Mertensia maritima	Sea bluebell	Inuit Inuit The Inuit are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Canada , Denmark , Russia and the United States . Inuit means “the people” in the Inuktitut language... Ecoport >- \| • Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a prostrate succulent plant that is native to Africa, Western Asia and Europe. The plant is covered with large, glistening bladder cells, reflected in its common names of Common Ice Plant, Crystalline Iceplant or Iceplant.-Uses:Its leaves are edible, as with some...	Ice plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a prostrate succulent plant that is native to Africa, Western Asia and Europe. The plant is covered with large, glistening bladder cells, reflected in its common names of Common Ice Plant, Crystalline Iceplant or Iceplant.-Uses:Its leaves are edible, as with some...	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Mimulus guttatus Mimulus guttatus Mimulus guttatus, the Common monkey-flower, is a yellow bee-pollinated annual or perennial herbaceous wildflower that grows along the banks of streams and seeps in western North America.-Description:...	Seep monkey flower	Ecoport >- \| • Mirabilis expansa (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl. Mirabilis expansa Mirabilis expansa is cultivated as a root vegetable in the Andes, at cold, windy altitudes above 2700 meters. The above-ground portion dies back with frost, but the root is quite hardy...	Mauka	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Moringa oleifera Lamk Moringa oleifera Moringa oleifera, the word Moringa probably came from dravidian language Tamil and commonly referred to as "Shojne" in Bengali, "Munagakaya" in Telugu,"Shenano" in Rajasthani,...	Drumstick tree	South Asia South Asia South Asia, also known as Southern Asia, is the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan countries and, for some authorities , also includes the adjoining countries to the west and the east... for curries and omelettes. GRIN, Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Moringa ovalifolia	South-west African moringa	>- \| • Moringa stenopetala Moringa stenopetala Moringa stenopetala is a species of tree in the Moringa family of flowering plants known mainly as an important nutritious vegetable tree food crop in the terraced fields of Konso, Ethiopia. In this way it's similar to its Indian relative, Moringa oleifera....	Ethiopian moringa	Zemede Asfaw, "Conservation and use of traditional vegetables in Ethiopia" >- \| • Mycelis muralis	Wall lettuce	Ecoport >- \| • Myrianthus arboreus	Ujuju	>- \| • Myriophyllum brasiliense	Parrot feather	>- \| • Myrrhis odorata	Cicely	>- \| • Nasturtium officinale R. Br.	Watercress	liver fluke Liver fluke Liver flukes are a polyphyletic group of trematodes .Adults of liver flukes are localized in the liver of various mammals, including humans. These flatworms can occur in bile ducts, gallbladder, and liver parenchyma. They feed on blood... Fasciola hepatica Fasciola hepatica Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke, is a parasitic flatworm of the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes that infects the livers of various mammals, including humans. The disease caused by the fluke is called fascioliasis . F... . >- \| • Neptunia oleracea Loureiro Neptunia oleracea Neptunia oleracea, commonly known in English as Water Mimosa, is a vegetable usually eaten raw in Thailand and Cambodia. It is an aquatic plant cultivated much like rice...	Phak chet	Nam phrik Nam phrik Nam phrik , generally pronounced "Nam phik", is a generic term that may refer to any of the types of more or less thick spicy, often chili based, hot sauces typical of Thai cuisine. The main ingredients of Nam phrik are fresh or dry chilies, garlic, shallots, fish sauce, lime juice and/or some kind... >- \| • Nymphaea odorata Nymphaea odorata Nymphaea odorata, also known as the Fragrant Water Lily and Beaver Root, is a flower belonging to the genus Nymphaea. It can commonly be found in lake shallows, ponds, and permanent slow moving waters throughout North America where it ranges from Central America to northern Canada...	Fragrant Water Lily	>- \| • Nymphoides indica	Water Snowflake	>- \| • Nymphoides peltatum Nymphoides peltatum Nymphoides peltatum is an aquatic plant. It has a long creeping stem that floats and connects to the leaf nodes. It is commonly found in ponds and slow moving bodies of water. It cannot grow in the shade and has to have a relatively deep body of water. Flowers bloom in July to September, while the...	Yellow floating heart	>- \| • Ocimum basilicum	Sweet Basil	>- \| • O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora Thai basil Thai basil is a type of sweet basil native to Southeast Asia that has been cultivated to provide a distinctive set of traits. It has an identifiable licorice flavor not present in sweet basil, and its flavor is more stable under high or extended cooking temperatures than that of sweet basil...	Thai basil	>- \| • Ocimum × citriodorum	Lemon basil	>- \| • Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. Oenanthe javanica Japanese parsley or Chinese celery is a plant of the water dropwort genus originating from East Asia.While many other species of water dropwort are extremely toxic, Oenanthe javanica is edible, and is cultivated in the People's Republic of China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand , the...	Water Celery	>- \| • Oenothera biennis Oenothera biennis Oenothera biennis is a species of Oenothera native to eastern and central North America, from Newfoundland west to Alberta, southeast to Florida, and southwest to Texas, and widely naturalized elsewhere in temperate and subtropical regions.-Growth and flowering:Oenorthera biennis has a life span...	Common evening primrose	>- \| • Oenothera hookeri	Hooker's Evening-primrose	>- \| • Onoclea sensibilis	Sensitive fern	Iroquois Iroquois The Iroquois , also known as the Haudenosaunee or the "People of the Longhouse", are an association of several tribes of indigenous people of North America... >- \| • Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Oroxylum indicum Oroxylum indicum is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Bignoniaceae.-Names:* Bignonia indica, L., Species Plantarum 2: 625. 1753.* Spathodea indica, L., Pers. Synopsis Plantarum 2: 173. 1807....	Pheka	>- \| • Oryza sativa Oryza sativa Oryza sativa, commonly known as Asian rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as rice. Oryza sativa is the cereal with the smallest genome, consisting of just 430Mb across 12 chromosomes...	Rice	>- \| • Osmorhiza aristata	>- \| • Osmunda cinnamomea	Cinnamon fern	>- \| • Osmunda claytoniana	Interrupted fern	>- \| • Oxalis acetosella	Common wood sorrel	Oxalis Oxalis Oxalis is by far the largest genus in the wood-sorrel family Oxalidaceae: of the approximately 900 known species in the Oxalidaceae, 800 belong here... species contain oxalic acid and should not be eaten for long periods in large quantities. If possible, they should be eaten after boiling and disposing of the water >- \| • Oxalis corniculata	Creeping woodsorrel	>- \| • Oxalis deppei	Iron Cross	>- \| • Oxalis oregana	Redwood sorrel	>- \| • Oxalis stricta Oxalis stricta Oxalis stricta, called the common yellow woodsorrel , common yellow oxalis, upright yellow-sorrel, lemon clover, or more ambiguously and informally "sourgrass" or "pickle plant", is an herbaceous plant native to North America, parts of Eurasia, and has a rare introduction in Britain...	Common yellow woodsorrel	>- \| • Oxalis tuberosa	Oca	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Oxalis violacea Oxalis violacea Oxalis violacea, the violet woodsorrel, is a perennial plant native to the United States. Similar in appearance to small clovers such as the shamrock, the plant bears violet colored flowers among three-parted leaves having heart-shaped leaflets. Wood sorrel emerges in early spring from an...	Ecoport >- \| • Oxyria digyna Oxyria digyna Oxyria digyna a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family. It is common in the tundra of Arctic...	Mountain sorrel	Ecoport >- \| • Pachira aquatica Aubl. Pachira aquatica Pachira aquatica is a tropical wetland tree of the genus Pachira, native to Central and South America where it grows in swamps. It is known by the common names Malabar chestnut, Guiana chestnut, provision tree, saba nut, Monguba , Pumpo and is commercially sold under the name money tree and money...	Money tree	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Pachira insignis (Swartz) Savigny	Ecoport >- \| • Paederia foetida Paederia foetida Paederia foetida is a species of plant, with common names that are variations of Skunkvine; Stinkvine; or Chinese Fever Vine...	Ecoport >- \| • Parkia biglandulosa	>- \| • Parkia speciosa Hassk. Parkia speciosa Parkia speciosa is a plant of the genus Parkia in the family Fabaceae...	Petai	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Parkinsonia florida Parkinsonia florida Parkinsonia florida is a species of palo verde native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico...	Blue Palo Verde	>- \| • Pastinaca sativa subsp. sativa	Parsnip	>- \| • Patrinia scabiosifolia	Golden lace	>- \| • Patrinia villosa	>- \| • Paulownia tomentosa Paulownia tomentosa Paulownia tomentosa is a deciduous tree in the genus Paulownia, native to central and western China, but invasive in the US...	Empress tree	>- \| • Pedalium murex	Burra Gookeroo	>- \| • Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Peperomia pellucida Peperomia pellucida is an annual, shallow-rooted herb, usually growing to a height of about 15 to 45 cm. it is characterized by succulent stems, shiny, heart-shaped, fleshy leaves and tiny, dot-like seeds attached to several fruiting spikes. It has a mustard-like odor when crushed. The family...	Clearweed	>- \| • Pereskia aculeata Mill. Pereskia aculeata Pereskia aculeata is a scrambling shrub in the family Cactaceae. Common names include Barbados gooseberry and leaf cactus. It is native to tropical America.-Description:...	Barbados Gooseberry	>- \| • Pergularia daemia	>- \| • Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton Perilla frutescens Perilla frutescens is an edible herb and ornamental plant in the Lamiaceae family. Its common name is perilla; it is also called beefsteak plant, Chinese basil, wild basil, purple mint, rattlesnake weed, or summer coleus.Perilla is a perennial herb and can grow to 3-5 feet tall...	Perilla	>- \| • Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach	Water pepper	>- \| • Persicaria vulgaris	>- \| • Petasites frigidus Petasites frigidus Petasites frigidus is a species of Petasites native to Arctic to cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America.It is a herbaceous perennial plant producing flowering stems in early spring, and large leaves through the summer...	Arctic butterbur	>- \| • ‘‘Petroselinum crispum (Miller) Nyman ex A.W. Hill’‘	Parsley	Ecoport >- \| • Peucedanum ostruthium	Ecoport >- \| • Phaseolus coccineus	Runner Bean	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Phaseolus lunatus	Lima Bean	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Phaseolus vulgaris	Bean	GRIN, Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel	Common Reed	Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Phyla scaberrima	Rough fogfruit	>- \| • Phyllanthus acidus	Star Gooseberry	>- \| • Phyllanthus emblica	Myrobalan	GRIN >- \| • Phyteuma orbiculare Phyteuma orbiculare Phyteuma orbiculare, common name Round-headed Rampion, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the genus Phyteuma belonging to the family Campanulaceae.-Description: Phyteuma orbiculare reaches on average of height...	Round-headed rampion	>- \| • Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.	Indian Pokeberry	Ecoport >- \| • Phytolacca acinosa var. esculenta	>- \| • Phytolacca americana Phytolacca americana American Pokeweed is a large semi-succulent herbaceous perennial plant growing up to 10 feet in height. It is native to eastern North America, the Midwest, and the Gulf Coast, with more scattered populations in the far West...	American Pokeweed	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Phytolacca dioica	Bella Sombra	Ecoport >- \| • Phytolacca rivinoides	Deer calalu	>- \| • Pimpinella anisum	Aniseed	>- \| • Pimpinella saxifraga	Burnet Saxifrage	Ecoport >- \| • Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.	Japanese Red Pine	>- \| • Piper auritum	Mexican Pepperleaf	>- \| • Piper guineense	West African Pepper	>- \| • Piper sarmentosum Piper sarmentosum Piper sarmentosum is a plant in the Piperaceae family used in many Southeast Asian cuisines. The leaves are often confused with betel, but they lack the intense taste of the betel leaves and are significantly smaller.-Names:...	Cha-phlu	>- \| • Pipturus argenteus (J.G. Forster) Wedd.	Queensland grass-cloth plant	>- \| • Pisonia grandis Pisonia grandis Pisonia grandis is a species of flowering tree in the Bougainvillea family, Nyctaginaceae.-Description:The tree has broad, thin leaves, smooth bark and bears clusters of green sweet-smelling flowers that mature into sticky barbed seeds....	Tree lettuce	>- \| • Pistacia chinensis Bunge	Chinese Pistache	>- \| • Pistacia terebinthus	Terebinth	>- \| • Pistia stratiotes	Water Lettuce	>- \| • Pisum sativum	Garden Pea	>- \| • Plantago coronopus Plantago coronopus Plantago coronopus is a species of Plantago sometimes grown as a leaf vegetable...	Buckshorn plantain	>- \| • Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata is a species of genus Plantago known by the common names ribwort plantain, English plantain, and narrowleaf plantain. It is a common weed of cultivated land....	Long-leaved Plantain	>- \| • Plantago major	Broad-leaved Plantain	>- \| • Plantago maritima Plantago maritima Plantago maritima is a species of Plantago, family Plantaginaceae. It has a subcosmopolitan distribution in temperate and Arctic regions, native to most of Europe, northwest Africa, northern and central Asia, northern North America, and southern South America...	>- \| • Pluchea indica (L.) Less.	>- \| • Podophyllum hexandrum Podophyllum hexandrum The perennial herb Podophyllum hexandrum , bearing the common names Himalayan mayapple or Indian may apple, is native to the lower elevations in and surrounding the Himalaya. It is low to the ground with glossy green, drooping, lobed leaves on its few stiff branches, and it bears a pale pink...	Himalayan mayapple	>- \| • Poliomintha incana Poliomintha incana Poliomintha incana is a species of flowering plant in the mint family which is known as frosted mint. It is native to dry and desert areas of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is a strongly aromatic shrub with dark green foliage covered in small white hairs...	>- \| • Polygonum aviculare Polygonum aviculare Polygonum aviculare or Common Knotgrass is a plant related to buckwheat and dock. It is also called birdweed, pigweed and lowgrass. It is an annual found in fields and wasteland, with white flowers from June to October....	Knotweed	>- \| • Polygonum bistorta	Bistort	Ecoport >- \| • Polygonum bistortoides Polygonum bistortoides Polygonum bistortoides , syn. Bistorta bistortoides, is a perennial herb in the genus Polygonum....	American Bistort	Ecoport >- \| • Polygonum punctatum	>- \| • Polygonum viviparum	Alpine bistort	Ecoport >- \| • Poncirus trifoliata	Trifoliate orange	Ecoport >- \| • Pontederia cordata Pontederia cordata Pontederia cordata, commonly known as Pickerelweed, is a monocotyledonous aquatic plant native to North and South America. It can be found on pond and lake margins across an extremely large range from eastern Canada south to Argentina. The species is tristylous, meaning the styles of individual...	Ecoport >- \| • Portulaca oleracea	Common purslane	>- \| • Portulaca pilosa Portulaca pilosa Portulaca pilosa is a species of flowering plant in the purslane family, Portulacaceae, that is native to the Americas. Its range extends from the southern United States and the Caribbean as far south as Brazil. It is a succulent with linear leaves and pink flowers.-External links:*...	>- \| • Portulacaria afra Portulacaria afra Portulacaria afra, also known as Dwarf Jade Plant, Elephant's Food, Elephant Bush, and Spekboom in Afrikaans, is a small-leaved succulent found in South Africa.-Description:...	Elephant Bush	>- \| • Primula veris Primula veris Primula veris is a flowering plant in the genus Primula. The species is found throughout most of temperate Europe and Asia, and although absent from more northerly areas including much of northwest Scotland, it reappears in northernmost Sutherland and Orkney.-Names:The common name cowslip derives...	Cowslip	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Primula vulgaris Primula vulgaris Primula vulgaris is a species of Primula native to western and southern Europe , northwest Africa , and southwest Asia...	Primrose	Ecoport >- \| • Pringlea antiscorbutica	Kerguelen cabbage	scurvy Scurvy Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of collagen in humans. The chemical name for vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is derived from the Latin name of scurvy, scorbutus, which also provides the adjective scorbutic... >-	• Proboscidea louisianica	Ecoport >- \| • Prosopis spicegera	>- \| • Prunella vulgaris Prunella vulgaris Prunella vulgaris, known as common selfheal, heal-all, heart-of-the-earth, is a medicinal plant in the genus Prunella. It grows 5 to 30 cms high , with creeping, self-rooting, tough, square, reddish stems branching at leaf axis...	Ecoport >- \| • Pteris ensiformis Pteris ensiformis Pteris ensiformis, the silver lace fern, sword brake fern, or slender brake fern, is a plant species in the genus Pteris found in tropical Africa, tropical Asia and the Pacific.-Beverages:...	>- \| • Ptychosperma elegans Ptychosperma elegans Ptychosperma elegans, also known as the "Solitaire palm" and the "Alexander palm," is a very slender palm common to Florida but native to Australia. It is sometimes confused with Archontophoenix alexandrae which is a much larger palm but appears similar in the immature form...	>- \| • Pulicaria odora	>- \| • Pulmonaria officinalis Pulmonaria officinalis Pulmonaria officinalis, common name Lungwort or Common Lungwort, is an herbaceous evergreen perennial rhizomatous plant of the genus Pulmonaria, belonging to the family Boraginaceae-Etymology:...	Lungwort	Ecoport >- \| • Puya caerulea	>- \| • Puya chilensis Puya chilensis Puya chilensis, is a terrestrial bromeliad originating from the arid hillsides of Chile. An evergreen perennial it forms large, dense rosettes of grey-green, strap like leaves edged with hooked spines. The green-yellow flowers are born on spikes up to 2 m high and which resemble a medieval mace....	Ecoport >- \| • Pyrus betulaefolia	Birch-Leaved Pear	>- \| • Ranunculus ficaria	Lesser celandine	Ecoport >- \| • Raphanus raphanistrum	Wild radish	Ecoport >- \| • Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. landra	>- \| • Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. maritimus	>- \| • Raphanus sativus	Radish	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus	Chinese radish	>- \| • Raphia hookeri G. Mann & H. Wendl.	Raffia palm	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Reichardia picroides	French Scorzonera	Ecoport >- \| • Rhamnus dahurica	>- \| • Rheum rhabarbarum	>- \| • Rheum tataricum	>- \| • Rhexia virginica	Meadow beauty	Ecoport >- \| • Rhodiola rosea Rhodiola rosea Rhodiola rosea is a plant in the Crassulaceae family that grows in cold regions of the world. These include much of the Arctic, the mountains of Central Asia, the Rocky Mountains, and mountainous parts of Europe, such as the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathian Mountains, Scandinavia, Iceland, Great...	Roseroot	Ecoport >- \| • Rhododendron arboreum Rhododendron arboreum Rhododendron arboreum is an evergreen shrub or small tree with a showy display of bright red flowers. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Rhododendron arboreum is also the national flower of Nepal.-Description:Its name means "tending to be woody or growing in a...	Ecoport >- \| • Rhopalostylis sapida	Nikau	>- \| • Ribes cereum Ribes cereum Ribes cereum is a species of currant known by the common names wax currant and squaw currant...	Ecoport >- \| • Ribes divaricatum Ribes divaricatum Ribes divaricatum is a species of currant with three accepted varieties, and known by several common names, found in the forests, woodlands, and coastal scrub of western North America from British Columbia to California.-Varieties:...	Ecoport >- \| • Ribes nigrum	Blackcurrant	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Ribes odoratum	Ecoport >- \| • Rorippa indica	>- \| • Rorippa islandica	>- \| • Rosa multiflora	Seven Sisters Rose	>- \| • Roystonea elata	>- \| • Roystonea oleracea Roystonea oleracea Roystonea oleracea, sometimes known as the Caribbean Royal Palm, palmiste, Imperial palm or cabbage palm, is a species of palm which is native to the Lesser Antilles, northern South America and Trinidad and Tobago.-Description:...	>- \| • Rubus rosaefolius	>- \| • Rumex acetosa	Sorrel	oxalic acid Oxalic acid Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula H2C2O4. This colourless solid is a dicarboxylic acid. In terms of acid strength, it is about 3,000 times stronger than acetic acid. Oxalic acid is a reducing agent and its conjugate base, known as oxalate , is a chelating agent for metal cations... . Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly and leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water. >- \| • Salicornia europaea	Glasswort	>- \| • Salix babylonica	Weeping Willow	Ecoport >- \| • Salix daphnoides	>- \| • Salix gracilistyla Salix gracilistyla Salix gracilistyla is a species of willow native to Japan, Korea and China known in English as Rosegold Pussy Willow.It is a deciduous shrub that reaches a height of 1-6 m.-Varieties:...	Rosegold pussy willow	>- \| • Salsola kali Salsola kali Kali soda is an annual plant that grows in arid soils and in sandy coastal soils. Its original range is Eurasian, but it has become naturalized, and even invasive, in North America, Australia, and elsewhere...	Saltwort	Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Salsola komarovi	Land Seaweed	>- \| • Salsola soda Salsola soda Salsola soda, more commonly known in English as Opposite Leaved Saltwort, Oppositeleaf Russian Thistle, or Barilla Plant, is a small , annual, succulent shrub that is native to the Mediterranean Basin...	Opposite leaved saltwort	Ecoport >- \| • Salvadora persica Salvadora persica Salvadora persica , is a species of Salvadora....	Toothbrush tree	Ecoport >- \| • Sambucus javanica Sambucus javanica Sambucus javanica is a species of Elderberry in the family Adoxaceae native to tropical Asia. It is found naturally in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia , the Philippines, southern Thailand, and Vietnam....	Ecoport >- \| • Sambucus sieboldiana	Ecoport >- \| • Sanguisorba canadensis Sanguisorba canadensis Sanguisorba canadensis, or Canadian burnet, is a perennial in the family Rosaceae native to North America, commonly growing in bogs, swamps, and roadsides from Labrador to Georgia. It grows 4–5 ft. tall, with creamy white flowers that grow in cylindrical spikes...	Ecoport >- \| • Sanguisorba minor	Salad Burnet	Ecoport >- \| • Sanguisorba officinalis Sanguisorba officinalis Sanguisorba officinalis is a plant in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae. It is native throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America....	Great Burnet	>- \| • Sassafras albidum Sassafras albidum Sassafras albidum is a species of Sassafras native to eastern North America, from southern Maine and southern Ontario west to Iowa, and south to central Florida and eastern Texas. It occurs throughout the eastern deciduous forest habitat type, at altitudes of sea level up to 1,500 m...	Sassafras	Ecoport >- \| • Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merrill Sauropus androgynus Sauropus androgynus, also known as katuk, star gooseberry, or sweet leaf, is a shrub grown in some tropical regions as a leaf vegetable...	Katuk	papaverine Papaverine Papaverine is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasm, vasospasm , and occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction... GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Saxifraga pensylvanica	Eastern Swamp Saxifrage	Cherokee Cherokee The Cherokee are a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States . Linguistically, they are part of the Iroquoian language family... traditionally ate the leaves raw as greens Ecoport >- \| • Saxifraga stolonifera Saxifraga stolonifera Saxifraga stolonifera is a perennial flowering plant known by several common names, including Creeping Saxifrage, Strawberry Saxifrage, Creeping Rockfoil, the quite ambiguous "Aaron's beard", and Strawberry Begonia or Strawberry Geranium...	Creeping Rockfoil	Ecoport >- \| • Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Scolymus hispanicus Scolymus hispanicus Scolymus hispanicus is a flowering plant in the genus Scolymus in the family Asteraceae, native to southern and western Europe, north to northwestern France....	Tagarnina	Ecoport >- \| • Scolymus maculatus Scolymus maculatus Scolymus maculatus is an annual plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region in southern Europe, southwest Asia, and northern Africa, and also the Canary Islands....	Spotted golden thistle	Ecoport >- \| • Scorzonera hispanica	Scorzonera	>- \| • Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria baicalensis is a species of flowering plant in the Lamiaceae family.-Medicinal uses:...	Baikal Skullcap	>- \| • Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz	Chayote	>- \| • Sedum anacampseros	Love-restorer	>-	• Sedum divergens Sedum divergens Sedum divergens, commonly called spreading stonecrop, Cascade stonecrop, and Pacific stonecrop, is a low growing flowering plant of the genus Sedum. It is native to western North America from Alaska to northern California. This plant is common in the lava beds of Northwest British Columbia where...	Spreading stonecrop	Nisga'a Nisga'a The Nisga’a , often formerly spelled Nishga and spelled in the Nisga’a language as Nisga’a, are an Indigenous nation or First Nation in Canada. They live in the Nass River valley of northwestern British Columbia. Their name comes from a combination of two Nisga’a words: Nisk’-"top lip" and... people of Northwest British Columbia British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858... . >- \| • Sedum reflexum Sedum reflexum Sedum reflexum or Sedum rupestre, also known as Reflexed Stonecrop, Blue Stonecrop, Jenny's Stonecrop and Prick-madam, is a species of succulent plant of the genus Sedum, native to Northern, Central, and Southwestern Europe.-Description:The Sedum reflexum plants are typically up to 10 cm high, with...	Jenny's stonecrop	herb Herb Except in botanical usage, an herb is "any plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers used for flavoring, food, medicine, or perfume" or "a part of such a plant as used in cooking"... in Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... . >- \| • Sedum rhodanthum	Rose crown	>-	• Sedum telephium Hylotelephium telephium Hylotelephium telephium is succulent perennial groundcover of the family Crassulaceae native to Eurasia. The flowers are held in dense heads and can be reddish or yellowish-white...	Livelong	>-	• Senna siamea Senna siamea Senna siamea , also known as Kassod Tree or Cassod Tree, is a legume in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is native to South and Southeast Asia, although its exact origin is unknown....	Cassod Tree	>- \| • Sesamum alatum Thonn.	Sésame de gazelle	Chad Chad Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west... as a vegetable. Considered as famine food Famine food A famine food or poverty food is any inexpensive or readily-available foodstuff used to nourish people in times of extreme poverty or starvation, as during a war or famine... in some areas >- \| • Sesamum indicum	Sesame	>- \| • Sesamum radiatum Schumach. & Thonn.	Benniseed	>- \| • Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poiret Sesbania grandiflora Sesbania grandiflora or hummingbird tree/scarlet wisteria is a small tree in the genus Sesbania.-Description:...	West Indian pea	>- \| • Sesbania sesban (L.) Merrill Sesbania sesban Sesbania sesbanSynonyms for the species name include:Aeschynomene aegyptiaca Steud.Aeschynomene elongata Salisb.Aeschynomene sesban L.Dolichos aeschynome-sesban Forssk.EmerusSesbania punctata DC....	Sesban	>- \| • Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) Sesuvium portulacastrum Sesuvium portulacastrum, commonly known as shoreline purslane or "sea purslane", is a sprawling perennial herb that grows in coastal areas throughout much of the world.-Description:...	Sea Purselane	>- \| • Setaria palmifolia (Koenig) Stapf	Palm-grass	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Sicyos angulatus Sicyos angulatus Sicyos angulatus , the burr cucumber or star-cucumber is an annual vine in the cucumber family native to eastern North America....	Ecoport >- \| • Sida rhombifolia Sida rhombifolia Sida rhombifolia is a perennial or sometimes annual plant in the Family Malvaceae, native to the New World tropics and subtropics. Other common names include Paddy’s lucerne, jelly leaf, and also somewhat confusingly as Cuban jute, Queensland hemp, and Indian hemp Sida rhombifolia (Arrowleaf...	Arrowleaf sida	>- \| • Sidalcea neomexicana Sidalcea neomexicana Sidalcea neomexicana is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common name salt spring checkerbloom. It is native to the western United States and Mexico, where it can be found in a number of habitat types, including alkali flats and other salty substrates...	>- \| • Silaum silaus	>- \| • Silene acaulis	Moss campion	Ecoport >- \| • Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Silene vulgaris Silene vulgaris, Silene cucubalus or Bladder Campion is a plant species of the genus Silene of the Pink Family . It is native to Europe, where in some parts it is eaten, but is widespread in North America where it is considered a weed..-Gastronomy:In Spain, the young shoots and the leaves are used...	Bladder Campion	>- \| • Silybum marianum	Blessed milk thistle	Ecoport >- \| • Sinapis alba	White Mustard	Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Sinapis arvensis Sinapis arvensis Sinapis arvensis is an annual or winter annual plant of the genus Sinapis, belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It is commonly known as Field mustard, Wild mustard or charlock.-Etymology:...	Charlock	Ecoport >- \| • Sisymbrium altissimum Sisymbrium altissimum Sisymbrium altissimum is a species of Sisymbrium. The plant is native to the western part of the Mediterranean Basin in Europe and Northern Africa and is widely naturalized throughout most of the world, including all of North America. It was probably introduced into North America by a contaminant...	Ecoport >- \| • Sisymbrium crassifolium	Ecoport >- \| • Sisymbrium irio	London rocket	>- \| • Sisymbrium officinale	Hedge mustard	Ecoport >- \| • Sium cicutaefolium	>- \| • Smyrnium olusatrum	Alexanders	Ecoport >- \| • Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir.) J. K. Morton	Chinese potato	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Solidago missouriensis	Ecoport >- \| • Sonchus arvensis Sonchus arvensis Sonchus arvensis is a medicinal plant. It is an invasive species in the Great Lakes region and was first sited in 1865.-External links:** Photos, Drawings, Text...	Field sow-thistle	Ecoport >- \| • Sonchus asper Sonchus asper Sonchus asper is an annual plant with spiny leaves and yellow flowers resembling those of the dandelion. The leaves are bluish-green, simple, lanceolate, with wavy and sometimes lobed margins, covered in spines on both the margins and beneath...	Spiny-leaved sow thistle	Ecoport >- \| • Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus oleraceus is a medicinal plant native to Asia and Europe, which is nutritious food for humans and most livestock.- Nutritive qualities :The common name Sow thistle refers to its...	Sow Thistle	Ecoport >- \| • Sophora japonica	Pagoda-tree	Ecoport >- \| • Spathiphyllum phryniifolium	>- \| • Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertner	Ecoport >- \| • Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Spilanthes acmella	Toothache Plant	>- \| • Spinacia oleracea	Spinach	oxalic acid Oxalic acid Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula H2C2O4. This colourless solid is a dicarboxylic acid. In terms of acid strength, it is about 3,000 times stronger than acetic acid. Oxalic acid is a reducing agent and its conjugate base, known as oxalate , is a chelating agent for metal cations... . Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly. In dishes that include large quantities, leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water. GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Spirodela polyrhiza	Greater Duck-weed	Ecoport >- \| • Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson	Otaheite Apple	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Spondias mombin Spondias mombin Spondias mombin is a tree, a species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is native to the tropical Americas, including the West Indies. The tree has been naturalized in parts of Africa, India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia. It is rarely cultivated.The mature fruit has a leathery skin and a...	Yellow mombin	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Spondias purpurea	Jocote	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Stanleya pinnatifida	>- \| • Stellaria media (L.) Vill.	Common Chickweed	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Stenochlaena palustris	>- \| • Sterculia foetida	Ecoport >- \| • Sterculia tragacantha	>- \| • Strychnos spinosa Lam. Strychnos spinosa Strychnos spinosa is a tree indigenous to tropical and subtropical Africa. It produces juicy, sweet-sour, yellow fruits, containing numerous hard brown seeds. Greenish-white flowers grow in dense heads at the ends of branches . The fruit tend to appear only after good rains. The smooth, hard fruit...	Natal orange	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumortier	Sea Blite	Ecoport >- \| • Symphytum officinale Symphytum officinale Symphytum officinale is a perennial flowering plant of the genus Symphytum in the family Boraginaceae. Along with several other species of Symphytum, it is commonly known as comfrey. To differentiate it from other comfreys, this species may be known as common comfrey, Quaker comfrey, and cultivated...	Ecoport >- \| • Symphytum uplandicum	>- \| • Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertner	Ecoport >- \| • Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry	Malay apple	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Syzygium polycephalum (Miq.) Merr. & Perry	Ecoport >- \| • Talinum paniculatum Talinum paniculatum Talinum paniculatum is a succulent subshrub in the purslane family, Portulacaceae, that is native to the Southern United States, the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central and South America. It is commonly known as Jewels-of-Opar, a name borrowed from the title of the novel Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar by...	Jewels of Opar	>- \| • Talinum portulacifolium	Ecoport >- \| • Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.	Ecoport >- \| • Tanacetum vulgare	Tansy	Ecoport >- \| • Taraxacum albidum Taraxacum albidum Taraxacum albidum is a type of dandelion that grows in eastern Eurasia.It is a perennial herbaceous plant, native to the southern part of Japan....	>- \| • Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H. Wigg. Taraxacum officinale Taraxacum officinale, the common dandelion , is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae . It can be found growing in temperate regions of the world, in lawns, on roadsides, on disturbed banks and shores of water ways, and other areas with moist soils. T...	Dandelion	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • ‘‘Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f. Telfairia occidentalis Telfairia occidentalis is a tropical vine grown in West Africa as a leaf vegetable and for its edible seeds. Common names for the plant include Fluted gourd, Fluted pumpkin, and Ugu.... ’‘	Fluted gourd	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Telosma cordata Telosma cordata Telosma cordata Telosma cordata Telosma cordata (Tonkin jasmine, pakalana vine, Tonkinese creeper, Chinese violet, (Vietnamese Thiên lý), is a species of flowering plant native to China. It is cultivated elsewhere and may occur wild as an introduced species....	>- \| • Tetracarpidium conophorum	>- \| • Tetragonia decumbens Tetragonia decumbens Tetragonia decumbens, commonly known as Sea Spinach, is a coastal shrub native to southern Africa.-Description:It grows as a trailing undershrub with thick, pale, furry stems, and thick, oval leaves one to six centimetres line and five to thirty millimetres wide...	>- \| • Tetragonia implexicoma	Ecoport >- \| • Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pallas) O. Kuntze	New Zealand Spinach	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Thalia geniculata	>- \| • Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa	Portia tree	Ecoport >- \| • Thlaspi arvense Thlaspi arvense Thlaspi arvense is a foetid Eurasian plant having round flat pods; naturalized throughout North America. It is also related to the Lepidium species in the cabbage family.-Edible uses:...	Pennycress	Ecoport >- \| • Thymus vulgaris Thymus vulgaris Thymus vulgaris or common thyme is a low growing herbaceous plant, sometimes becoming somewhat woody. It is native to southern Europe, where it is often cultivated as a culinary herb....	Common Thyme	Ecoport >- \| • Tiliacora triandra Tiliacora triandra Tiliacora triandra is a species of flowering plant native to mainland Southeast Asia and used particularly in the cuisines of northeast Thailand and Laos. In the Isan language, it is called bai yanang or bai ya nang , or simply yanang or ya nang . In Laos, it is also called bai yanang...	>- \| • Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lamk	Ecoport >- \| • Toona sinensis (Adr. Juss.) M.J. Roemer Toona sinensis Toona sinensis Toona sinensis Toona sinensis (syn. Cedrela sinensis A.Juss.; Chinese Mahogany, Chinese Toon, or Red Toon is a species of Toona native to eastern and southeastern Asia, from North Korea south through most of eastern, central and southwestern China to Nepal, northeastern India,...	Chinese Mahogany	>- \| • Tordylium apulum Tordylium apulum Tordylium apulum, commonly known as the Mediterranean Hartwort, is an annual forb or herb. It is classified within the family Apiaceae, the carrot family. It is located in a range from Europe to west Asia, but was introduced to the United States. It is now found only in Arizona.-Description:The...	Ecoport >- \| • Trachycarpus fortunei Trachycarpus fortunei Trachycarpus fortunei is a palm native to central China , south to northern Burma. It is a fan palm Trachycarpus fortunei (Chusan Palm, Windmill Palm or Chinese Windmill Palm; syn. Chamaerops fortunei Hook., T. wagnerianus Becc.) is a palm native to central China (Hubei southwards), south to...	Windmill Palm	Ecoport >- \| • Tradescantia virginiana Tradescantia virginiana Tradescantia virginiana is a species of Tradescantia native to the eastern United States. Spiderwort is commonly grown in gardens and many garden spiderworts seem to be hybrids of T...	Ecoport >- \| • Tragopogon dubius	Western salsify	Ecoport >- \| • Tragopogon porrifolius	Salsify	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Tragopogon pratensis	Goat's Beard	Ecoport >- \| • Trianthema portulacastrum Trianthema portulacastrum Trianthema portulacastrum is a species of flowering plant in the ice plant family known by the common name desert horse purslane. It is native to areas of several continents, including Africa and North and South America, and present as an introduced species in many other areas...	Ecoport >- \| • Trichodesma zeylanicum Trichodesma zeylanicum Trichodesma zeylanicum, commonly known as Camel Bush or Cattle Bush, is a herb or shrub native to Australia.-Description:It grows as an erect herb or shrub up to two metres high, with a well-developed taproot. Flowers are blue, or rarely white.-Taxonomy:This species was first published as Borago...	>- \| • Trifolium hybridum Trifolium hybridum Trifolium hybridum, alsike clover, is a plant species of the genus Trifolium in the pea family Fabaceae. The stalked, pale pink or whitish flower head grows from the leaf axils, and the trifoliate leaves are unmarked. The plant is tall, and is found in fields and on roadsides – it is also...	Alsike Clover	>- \| • Trifolium pratense	Red Clover	>- \| • Trifolium repens	White Clover	>- \| • Trigonella caerulea	Sweet Trefoil	>- \| • Trigonella corniculata (L.)	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Trillium erectum Trillium erectum Trillium erectum, also known as Wake-robin, red trillium, purple trillium, Beth root or Stinking Benjamin, is a spring-flowering perennial plant native to the east and north-eastern areas of North America. The flowers are a deep red colour, and the plant takes its name Wake-robin by analogy with...	Wake-robin	Ecoport >- \| • Trillium grandiflorum Trillium grandiflorum Trillium grandiflorum, commonly known as white trillium, great white trillium, white wake-robin, or in French as trille blanc, is a perennial monocotyledonous plant in the lily family...	White trillium	Ecoport >- \| • Trillium sessile Trillium sessile Trillium sessile is a perennial spring wildflower native to the central part of the eastern United States and the Ozarks. It is a small trillium . Toadshade can be distinguished from other trilliums by its single foul smelling, stalkless, flower nestled in the middle of its three leaves...	>- \| • Trillium undulatum Trillium undulatum Trillium undulatum is a wildflower of the genus trillium found from Ontario in the north to the Carolinas in the south and from Michigan in the west to Nova Scotia in the east. It is also known as painted lady or trille ondulé...	Painted trillium	Ecoport >- \| • Tropaeolum majus Tropaeolum majus Tropaeolum majus is a flowering plant in the family Tropaeolaceae, originating in South America in the Andes from Bolivia north to Colombia. It is of cultivated, probably hybrid origin, with possible parent species including T. minus, T. moritzianum, T. peltophorum, and T...	Garden Nasturtium	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Tropaeolum minus	Dwarf Nasturtium	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pavon	Mashua	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Tulbaghia alliacea	Ecoport >- \| • Tussilago farfara	Coltsfoot	Ecoport >- \| • Typha capensis	>- \| • Typha elephantina	Ecoport >- \| • Ullucus tuberosus Lozano	Ulluco	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Ulmus pumila	Siberian elm	Ecoport >- \| • Urena lobata	Rose Mallow	Ecoport >- \| • Urtica dioica	Stinging Nettle	>- \| • Urtica urens Urtica urens Urtica urens, commonly known as Annual Nettle, Dwarf Nettle or Small Nettle, is a herbaceous annual plant species of the genus Urtica. It is native to Eurasia and it can be found in North America and New Zealand as an introduced species...	Annual Nettle	>- \| • Valerianella eriocarpa Desv.	Italian Corn Salad	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade	Corn Salad	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Vallaris heynei	>- \| • Verbena officinalis Verbena officinalis Verbena officinalis, the Common Vervain or Common Verbena, is a perennial herb native to Europe. It grows up to a metre/yard high, with an upright habitus...	European Verbena	Ecoport >- \| • Vernonia amygdalina Delile Vernonia amygdalina Vernonia amygdalina, a member of the Asteraceae family, is a small shrub that grows in the tropical Africa. V. amygdalina is commonly called bitter leaf because of its bitter taste. The leaves may be consumed either as a vegetable or aqueous extracts as tonics for the treatment of various illnesses...	Bitter leaf	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Veronica anagallis-aquatica Veronica anagallis-aquatica Veronica anagallis-aquatica is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names water speedwell, blue speedwell, and brook pimpernel. Its true native range is not clear, but the plant is present on most continents, and in most places it is probably naturalized...	Water Speedwell	Ecoport >- \| • Veronica beccabunga	Brooklime	Ecoport >- \| • Veronicastrum sibiricum Veronicastrum sibiricum Veronicastrum sibiricum is a plant in the plantain family, Plantaginaceae.-Description:Veronicastrum sibiricum is a herbaceous plant with whorled, simple leaves, on weakly upright stems. The flowers are pale purple, borne in summer....	>- \| • Viola adunca Viola adunca Viola adunca is a species of violet known by the common names hookedspur violet, sand violet, and western dog violet. It is native to North America, including the western half of the United States to New England northward throughout Canada.This is a hairy, compact plant growing from a small rhizome...	Ecoport >- \| • Viola canadensis Viola canadensis Viola canadensis is more commonly known as Canadian white violet, Canada Violet, tall white violet, or white violet. As its name suggests, it is a species of violet which bears white blooms. The flowers are white, with yellow bases and sometimes streaks of purple. The leaves are heart shaped, with...	Canada Violet	Ecoport >- \| • Viola odorata	Sweet Violet	Ecoport >- \| • Viola papilionacea	>- \| • Viola pedata Viola pedata Viola pedata is an ornamental plant in the Violaceae family. Monophyletic in stature, this violet, also known as the "mountain pansy" is endemic to eastern North America, where it favors well drained, acidic soils in full to partial sun environments...	Bird's Foot Violet	Ecoport >- \| • Viola sororia Viola sororia Viola sororia, known commonly as the Common Blue Violet, is a stemless herbaceous perennial plant that is native to eastern North America...	Common blue violet	>- \| • Viola x wittrockiana	>- \| • Vitex doniana	Ecoport >- \| • Vitis amurensis Vitis amurensis Vitis amurensis, the Amur grape, is a species of grape native to the Asian continent. Its name comes from the Amur Valley in Russia and China.It is very resistant to frost, but is not tolerant to drought...	Amur grape	Ecoport >- \| • Vitis californica Vitis californica Vitis californica is a wild grape species native to most of California and southwestern Oregon. It is a deciduous vine which can grow to over 10 m in length. It climbs on other plants or covers the ground with twisted, woody ropes of vine covered in green leaves...	California wild grape	Ecoport >- \| • Vitis coignetiae Vitis coignetiae Vitis coignetiae is a plant belonging to the genus Vitis that is native to the temperate climes of asia, where it can be found in Russian Federation ; Korea; and Japan...	>- \| • Vitis labrusca Vitis labrusca Vitis labrusca is a species of grapevines belonging to the Vitis genus in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The vines are native to the eastern United States and are the source of many grape cultivars, including Catawba and Concord grapes, and many hybrid grape varieties such as Agawam,...	Northern Fox Grape	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Vitis munsoniana	>- \| • Vitis shuttleworthii Vitis shuttleworthii Vitis shuttleworthii is a North American liana in the grape family commonly known as the caloosa grape . It is native to the southeastern United States, principally in south and central Florida....	>- \| • Vitis vinifera Vitis vinifera Vitis vinifera is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran....	Grape	GRIN, Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Wasabia japonica	Wasabi	>- \| • Wedelia biflora (L.) DC.	Ecoport >- \| • Wisteria floribunda Wisteria floribunda Wisteria floribunda, the Japanese wisteria, is a woody liana of the Wisteria family. It was brought from Japan to the United States in 1860 by George Rogers Hall. Since then, it has become one of the most highly romanticized flowering garden plants...	Japanese wisteria	Ecoport >- \| • Wolffia arrhiza Wolffia arrhiza Wolffia arrhiza is a species of flowering plant known by the common names spotless watermeal and rootless duckweed, belonging to the Araceae, a family rich in water-loving species, such as Arum and Pistia. It is the smallest vascular plant on Earth...	>- \| • Xanthoceras sorbifolium	Yellowhorn	>- \| • Xanthosoma atrovirens	>- \| • Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl.	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott Xanthosoma sagittifolium Xanthosoma sagittifolium, the arrowleaf elephant ear or arrowleaf elephant's ear, is a species of tropical flowering plant in the genus Xanthosoma, which produces an edible, starchy tuber.-Cuisine and reforestation:...	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Xanthosoma violaceum Schott Xanthosoma violaceum Xanthosoma violaceum, commonly known as Tiquisque, produces a starchy tuber. It and the white species Xanthosoma sagittifolium are sold commercially. These tubers and those of several related genera are important staple crops in many tropical regions....	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Ximenia americana Ximenia americana Ximenia americana, commonly known as Yellow Plum or Sea Lemon, is a small sprawling tree of woodlands native to Australia and Asia....	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Zanthoxylum piperitum	>- \| • Zanthoxylum planispinum Zanthoxylum planispinum Zanthoxylum planispinum is a species of plant in the Rutaceae family. It is an aromatic, deciduous, spiny shrub growing to 3.5 meters in height, endemic to China, Japan, and Korea.-References:* *...	>- \| • Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J.E. Smith Zingiber zerumbet Zingiber zerumbet Sm., also known as the Shampoo Ginger, is a vigorous ginger with leafy stems growing to about 1.2 m tall. It is found in many tropical countries. The rhizomes of Z...	Awapuhi

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• Abutilon theophrasti Abutilon theophrasti Abutilon theophrasti is an annual plant in the family Malvaceae, native to southern Asia. It grows to 1 m tall, and has velvet-like heart-shaped leaves 15–25 cm broad...	China Jute	The taste is good, but since the texture of the leaves is cloth-like and not crisp, it is not very suitable for being eaten raw.
Climbing wattle	>-	• Acmella oleracea Acmella oleracea Acmella oleracea, also known under its old names Spilanthes oleracea and Spilanthes acmella and commonly referred to as Spilanthes Extract, is a flowering herb in the plant family Asteraceae, also known as toothache plant or paracress as the leaves and flower heads contain an analgesic agent...	Paracress	Madagascar Madagascar The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa... where they are used to prepare a dish known as romazava >- \| • Althaea officinalis Althaea officinalis Althaea officinalis is a species indigenous to Africa, which is used as a medicinal plant and ornamental plant...	Common Marshmallow	>- \| • Amaranthus cruentus Amaranthus cruentus Amaranthus cruentus is a common flowering plant species that yields the nutritious staple amaranth grain. It is one of three Amaranthus species cultivated as a grain source, the other two being Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Amaranthus caudatus...	Purple amaranth	>- \| • Amaranthus retroflexus Amaranthus retroflexus Amaranthus retroflexus is a species of flowering plant in the Amaranthaceae family with several common names, including Red-root Amaranth, Redroot Pigweed, Red Rooted Pigweed, Common Amaranth, and common tumble weed....	Common amaranth	>- \| • Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthus spinosus, commonly known as the spiny amaranth, prickly amaranth or thorny amaranth. It is native to the tropical Americas, but it is present on most continents as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. It can be a serious weed of rice cultivation in Asia...	Prickly amaranth	>- \| • Amaranthus tricolor Amaranthus tricolor Amaranthus tricolor is an ornamental plant known as Bhaji in India, Callaloo in the Caribbean and Joseph's coat after the Biblical figure Joseph, who is said to have worn a coat of many colors...	Amaranth	>- \| • Amaranthus viridis Amaranthus viridis Amaranthus viridis is a cosmopolitan species in the botanical family Amaranthaceae and is commonly known as Slender Amaranth or Green Amaranth.-Gastronomy:...	Slender amaranth	>- \| • Apium graveolens	Celery	anaphylactic shock Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is defined as "a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death". It typically results in a number of symptoms including throat swelling, an itchy rash, and low blood pressure... . >- \| • Atriplex hortensis Atriplex hortensis Atriplex hortensis, also known as Garden Orache, Red Orach, Mountain Spinach, French Spinach, or simply "orache" or arrach, is a hardy, annual plant, with an erect, branching stem, varying in height from two to six feet, according to the variety and soil...	Garden orache	>- \| • Barbarea verna Barbarea verna Land cress , also known as American cress, bank cress, black wood cress, Belle Isle cress, Bermuda cress, early yellowrocket, early wintercress, scurvy cress, and upland cress, is a biennial herb in the family Brassicaceae. It is native to southwestern Europe, but is also cultivated in Florida...	Bank cress	>- \| • Barringtonia acutangula Barringtonia acutangula Barringtonia acutangula is a species of Barringtonia native to coastal wetlands in southern Asia and northern Australasia, from Afghanistan east to the Philippines and Queensland.-Medicinal Uses:Antitumor Antibiotic...	Chik-nam, Kra don	Nam phrik Nam phrik Nam phrik , generally pronounced "Nam phik", is a generic term that may refer to any of the types of more or less thick spicy, often chili based, hot sauces typical of Thai cuisine. The main ingredients of Nam phrik are fresh or dry chilies, garlic, shallots, fish sauce, lime juice and/or some kind... . Popular in Isan Isan Isan is the northeastern region of Thailand. It is located on the Khorat Plateau, bordered by the Mekong River to the north and east, by Cambodia to the southeast and the Prachinburi mountains south of Nakhon Ratchasima... >- \| • Basella alba Basella alba Basella alba, or Malabar spinach is a perennial vine found in the tropics where it is widely used as a leaf vegetable.-Names:...	Indian spinach	>-	• Beta cicla Chard Chard , is a leafy green vegetable often used in Mediterranean cooking. While the leaves are always green, chard stalks vary in color. Chard has been bred to have highly nutrious leaves at the expense of the root...	Chard	>-	• Beta vulgaris maritima	Sea Beet	>- \| • Borago officinalis	Common Borage	>- \| • Brassica carinata A. Braun Brassica carinata Brassica carinata is a member of the Triangle of U species in the agriculturally significant Brassica genus...	Abyssinian Cabbage	>- \| • Brassica juncea (L.) Czernjaew Brassica juncea Brassica juncea, also known as mustard greens, Indian mustard, Chinese mustard, and leaf mustard, is a species of mustard plant. Subvarieties include southern giant curled mustard, which resembles a headless cabbage such as kale, but with a distinct horseradish-mustard flavor...	Indian mustard	>- \| • Brassica napus var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb.	Rutabaga	>- \| • Brassica napus var. pabularia (DC.) Rchb.	Rape Kale	>- \| • Brassica nigra (L.) Koch Brassica nigra Brassica nigra is an annual weedy plant cultivated for its seeds, which are commonly used as a spice.-Description:...	Black Mustard	>- \| • Brassica oleracea Brassica oleracea Brassica oleracea, or wild cabbage, is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe, where its tolerance of salt and lime and its intolerance of competition from other plants typically restrict its natural occurrence to limestone sea cliffs, like the chalk cliffs on both...	Wild Cabbage	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. acephala Brassica oleracea Brassica oleracea, or wild cabbage, is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe, where its tolerance of salt and lime and its intolerance of competition from other plants typically restrict its natural occurrence to limestone sea cliffs, like the chalk cliffs on both...	Kale	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L. H. Bailey) Musil Kai-lan Kai-lan, also known as Chinese broccoli, is a leaf vegetable featuring thick, flat, glossy blue-green leaves with thick stems and a small number of tiny, almost vestigial flower heads similar to those of broccoli. Broccoli and kai-lan belong to the same species Brassica oleracea, but kai-lan is in...	Kai-lan	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Cauliflower Cauliflower is one of several vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea, in the family Brassicaceae. It is an annual plant that reproduces by seed...	Cauliflower	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. capitata Cabbage Cabbage is a popular cultivar of the species Brassica oleracea Linne of the Family Brassicaceae and is a leafy green vegetable...	Cabbage	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Zenker	Brussels Sprouts	>- \| • Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck Broccoli Broccoli is a plant in the cabbage family, whose large flower head is used as a vegetable.-General:The word broccoli, from the Italian plural of , refers to "the flowering top of a cabbage"....	Broccoli	>- \| • Brassica rapa Turnip The turnip or white turnip is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, bulbous taproot. Small, tender varieties are grown for human consumption, while larger varieties are grown as feed for livestock...	Turnip	>- \| • Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A. R. Clapham	Wild turnip	>- \| • Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt Chinese cabbage Chinese cabbage can refer to two distinct varieties of Chinese leaf vegetables used often in Chinese cuisine. These vegetables are both related to the Western cabbage, and are of the same species as the common turnip...	Bok Choi	>- \| • Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt Savoy cabbage Savoy cabbage is a variety of the cabbage, a cultivar of the plant species Brassica oleracea. Savoy cabbage is a winter vegetable. A variety of the savoy cabbage is the January King Cabbage....	Chinese Savoy	>- \| • Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt Mizuna Mizuna , also called Xiu Cai, Kyona, Japanese Mustard, Potherb Mustard, Japanese Greens, California Peppergrass, Spider Mustard, etc., is a Japanese name used primarily for cultivated varieties of Brassica rapa nipposinica but also for Brassica juncea var...	Mizuna	>- \| • Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt Napa cabbage Napa cabbage , also known as celery cabbage, is a type of Chinese cabbage originating near the Beijing region of China, and is widely used in East Asian cuisine. In much of the world, this is the vegetable referred to as "Chinese cabbage"...	Napa Cabbage	>- \| • Brassica rapa subspecies rapa Rapini Rapini Rapini Rapini (also known as Broccoli Rabe (or Raap or Raab), Broccoletti, Broccoli di Rape, Cime di Rapa, Rape, Rappi, Friarielli (in Naples) is a common vegetable in the cuisines of southern Italy (in particular Basilicata , Puglia, and Sicily), Galicia (northwestern Spain), and China...	Rapini	>- \| • Campanula rapunculus Campanula rapunculus Campanula rapunculus, common name Rampion Bellflower, Rampion, or Rover Bellflower, is a species of bellflower in the family Campanulaceae....	Rampion	It was once widely grown in Europe for its leaves, which were used like spinach
Harebell	>- \| • Capparis spinosa	Caper	>- \| • Celosia argentea var. argentea Celosia argentea Celosia argentea, commonly known as plumed cockscomb, is a plant of tropical origin, and is known for its very bright colors.-Description:...	Wild Coxcomb	>- \| • Centella asiatica Centella asiatica Centella asiatica is a small herbaceous annual plant of the family Mackinlayaceae or subfamily Mackinlayoideae of family Apiaceae, and is native to India, Sri Lanka, northern Australia, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Melanesia, Papua New Guinea, and other parts of Asia...	Asian pennywort	>- \| • Chenopodium album Chenopodium album Chenopodium album is a fast-growing weedy annual plant in the genus Chenopodium.Though cultivated in some regions, the plant is elsewhere considered a weed...	Lamb's Quarters	Palak Spinach Spinach is an edible flowering plant in the family of Amaranthaceae. It is native to central and southwestern Asia. It is an annual plant , which grows to a height of up to 30 cm. Spinach may survive over winter in temperate regions... in Northern India. Also used to stuff paratha Paratha A paratha/parantha/parauntha is an Indian flat-bread that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Paratha is an amalgamation of the words parat and atta which literally means layers of cooked dough... >- \| • Chenopodium ambrosioides	American Wormseed	Chenopodium Chenopodium Chenopodium is a genus of about 150 species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classifications separate it and its relatives as Chenopodiaceae, but... species are edible, but mostly mediocre as a leaf vegetable. >- \| • Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae (Saff.) H. D. Wilson & Heiser Chenopodium berlandieri Chenopodium berlandieri, also known by the common names pitseed goosefoot, huauzontle, and lambsquarters, is an annual herbaceous plant in the goosefoot family....	Southern Huauzontle	>- \| • Chenopodium bonus-henricus	Good King Henry	>- \| • Chenopodium giganteum D. Don Chenopodium giganteum Chenopodium giganteum is a very large annual leafy vegetable that grows over 8 feet tall...	Tree Spinach	>- \| • Chenopodium glaucum	Oak-Leaved Goosefoot	>- \| • Chenopodium nuttalliae	Huauzontle	Ecoport >- \| • Chenopodium quinoa subsp. quinoa	Quinoa	>- \| • Chenopodium rubrum Chenopodium rubrum Chenopodium rubrum is a member of the genus Chenopodium, the goosefoots. It is native to North America and Eurasia.-External links:***...	Red Goosefoot	>- \| • Chrysanthemum coronarium	Garland chrysanthemum	>- \| • Cichorium endivia Endive Endive , Cichorium endivia, is a leaf vegetable belonging to the daisy family. Endive can be cooked or used raw in salads.-Background:Endive is also a common name for some types of chicory...	Endive	>- \| • Cichorium endivia var. crispum Endive Endive , Cichorium endivia, is a leaf vegetable belonging to the daisy family. Endive can be cooked or used raw in salads.-Background:Endive is also a common name for some types of chicory... ,	Curly endive	>- \| • Cichorium endivia var. latifolium Endive Endive , Cichorium endivia, is a leaf vegetable belonging to the daisy family. Endive can be cooked or used raw in salads.-Background:Endive is also a common name for some types of chicory... ,	Broad-leaved endive	>- \| • Cichorium intybus	Chicory	Fave Vicia faba This article refers to the Broad Bean plant. For Broadbean the company, see Broadbean, Inc.Vicia faba, the Broad Bean, Fava Bean, Field Bean, Bell Bean or Tic Bean, is a species of bean native to north Africa and southwest Asia, and extensively cultivated elsewhere. A variety is provisionally... in Northern Italy >- \| • Cichorium intybus Radicchio Radicchio is a leaf chicory , sometimes known as Italian chicory and is a perennial. It is grown as a leaf vegetable which usually has white-veined red leaves. It has a bitter and spicy taste, which mellows when it is grilled or roasted.- History :Humans have been using radicchio since ancient times...	Radicchio	>- \| • Cirsium oleraceum Cirsium oleraceum Cirsium oleraceum is a species of thistle in the genus Cirsium, native to central and eastern Europe and Asia, where it grows in wet lowland soils....	Cabbage thistle	>-	• Claytonia perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata Claytonia perfoliata is a fleshy annual plant native to the western mountain and coastal regions of North America from southernmost Alaska and central British Columbia south to Central America, but most common in California in the Sacramento and northern San...	Miner's lettuce	>-	• Claytonia sibirica Claytonia sibirica Claytonia sibirica is a flowering plant in the family Portulacaceae, native to Siberia and western North America. A synonym is Montia sibirica...	Siberian spring beauty	beet Beet The beet is a plant in the Chenopodiaceae family which is now included in Amaranthaceae family. It is best known in its numerous cultivated varieties, the most well known of which is the purple root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet... -flavoured leaves. >- \| • Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Coccinia grandis Coccinia grandis, the ivy gourd, also known as baby watermelon, little gourd or gentleman's toes is a tropical vine.- Geographic spread :...	Ivy Gourd	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Colocasia esculenta Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown primarily for its edible corms, the root vegetables whose many names include Taro and Eddoe. It is believed to be one of the earliest cultivated plants.-Description:Rhizomes of different shapes and sizes...	Taro	Mauritius Mauritius Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar... . >- \| • Corchorus olitorius	Jew's mallow	GRIN, Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Coriandrum sativum	Cilantro, Coriander	Ecoport >- \| • Crambe maritima	Sea kale	>- \| • Crassocephalum crepidioides Crassocephalum crepidioides Crassocephalum crepidioides, also called ebolo, thickhead, redflower ragleaf, or fireweed, is an erect annual slightly succulent herb growing up to 180 cm tall. Its use is widespread in many tropical and subtropical regions, but is especially prominent in tropical Africa...	Redflower ragleaf	>- \| • Cratoxylum formosum Cratoxylum formosum Cratoxylum formosum or pink mempat is a species of flowering plant in the Hypericaceae family. Its commercial name in timber production is "mampat" ....	Phak tiu som or Phak tiu daeng	>- \| • Crithmum maritimum	Samphire	cask Barrel A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container, traditionally made of vertical wooden staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. Traditionally, the barrel was a standard size of measure referring to a set capacity or weight of a given commodity. A small barrel is called a keg.For example, a... s of seawater from the Isle of Wight Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–4 miles off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent... to market in London at the end of May each year. >- \| • Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn.	Chipilín	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk.	Mitsuba	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Cyclanthera pedata (L.) Schrader	Caigua	GRIN >- \| • Cynara cardunculus	Cardoon	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.	Vegetable fern	fern Fern A fern is any one of a group of about 12,000 species of plants belonging to the botanical group known as Pteridophyta. Unlike mosses, they have xylem and phloem . They have stems, leaves, and roots like other vascular plants... GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Eruca sativa Miller	Arugula	GRIN >- \| • Emex spinosa Emex spinosa Emex spinosa, commonly known as lesser jack, is an annual herbaceous plant of the Polygonaceae. It originates in the warmer parts of the old world, but now has spread with man to other places. It is common in disturbed areas, aspecially in sandy soils...	Lesser jack	>- \| • Eryngium foetidum Eryngium foetidum Eryngium foetidum is a tropical perennial and annual herb in the family Apiaceae. It is native to Mexico and South America but is cultivated worldwide...	Bhandhanya, Culantro	>- \| • Foeniculum vulgare Miller	Fennel	Ecoport >- \| • Galactites tomentosa Galactites tomentosa Galactites tomentosa, common names: Purple Milk Thistle, is a biennial or annual herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Galactites of the Asteraceae family. The name derives from the greek γάλα , referring to the dense white hairs covering the stems and leaves of this...	Scarlina	Ecoport >- \| • Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Galinsoga parviflora Galinsoga parviflora is a herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae family. It has several common names including Guasca , Mielcilla , Galinsoga , gallant soldier ....	Gallant Soldier	Ecoport >- \| • Glechoma hederacea Glechoma hederacea Glechoma hederacea is an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae. It is commonly known as Ground-ivy, gill-over-the-ground or Creeping Charlie. It has numerous medicinal uses, and is commonly used as a tasty salad green in many countries...	Ground Ivy	Ecoport >- \| • Glinus lotoides Glinus lotoides Glinus lotoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Molluginaceae known by the common names damascisa and lotus sweetjuice. It is native to Eurasia and Africa and it is known in many other places as an introduced species. It is a prostrate to somewhat upright annual herb with a stem up to...	Lotus sweetjuice	>- \| • Gnetum gnemon Gnetum gnemon Gnetum gnemon is a species of Gnetum native to southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean islands, from Assam south and east through Indonesia and Malaysia to the Philippines and Fiji...	Melindjo	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Gynura crepioides Gynura crepioides Gynura crepioides or okinawan spinach is a sub-tropical vegetable that forms a dense, non-vining, edible ground cover that grows well in full sun or partial shade. It is a vigorous, perennial vegetable that is adaptable to a variety of tropical climates and requires little if any additional input...	Okinawan Spinach	>- \| • Halimione portulacoides Halimione portulacoides Halimione portulacoides or sea purslane is a small greyish-green shrub widely distributed in temperate Eurasia and parts of Africa. A halophyte, it is found in salt marshes and coastal dunes, and is usually flooded at high tide....	Sea purslane	>-	• Hirschfeldia incana Hirschfeldia incana Hirschfeldia incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by many common names, including Shortpod mustard, Buchanweed, Hoary mustard and Mediterranean mustard. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Hirschfeldia, which is closely related to Brassica...	Shortpod mustard	>-	• Honckenya peploides Honckenya peploides Honckenya peploides or Sea sandwort or Seaside Sandplant is the only species in the genus Honckenya of the flowering plant family Caryophyllaceae. It is often spelled "Honkenya". It has a circumboreal distribution....	Sea sandwort	Subarctic Subarctic The Subarctic is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic and covering much of Alaska, Canada, the north of Scandinavia, Siberia, and northern Mongolia... areas Ecoport >- \| • Houttuynia cordata Thunberg	Fishwort	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Hydrophyllum canadense	John's Cabbage	Ecoport >- \| • Hydrophyllum virginianum Hydrophyllum virginianum The Virginia Waterleaf is an herbaceous perennial plant native to Eastern North America. The plant generally spreads by rhizomes to form large colonies in wooded areas. It can also spread by seeds. The seedling usually appear early to mid-spring. Flowers are blue, white, or purple, appearing in...	Shawnee Salad	Ecoport >- \| • Hyoseris radiata	>- \| • Hypochoeris maculata	Spotted Cat's-ear	>- \| • Hypochoeris radicata	Catsear	Ecoport >- \| • Inula crithmoides	Golden samphire	Ecoport >- \| • Inula helenium	Elecampane	Ecoport >- \| • Ipomoea aquatica Ipomoea aquatica Ipomoea aquatica is a semi-aquatic tropical plant grown as a leaf vegetable. It is known in English as Water Spinach, Water Morning Glory, Water Convolvulus, or by the more ambiguous names "Chinese spinach" and "swamp cabbage". It has many other names in other languages, such as "Phak bung" in Thai... Forssk.	Water Spinach	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Ipomoea batatas var. batatas	Sweet Potato	Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Kleinhovia hospita Kleinhovia hospita Kleinhovia hospita is an evergreen, tropical tree native to Indonesia, Malaysia and other parts of tropical Asia. It is monotypic, being the only species in its genus.- Description :...	Ecoport >- \| • Lablab purpureus	Lablab	spinach Spinach Spinach is an edible flowering plant in the family of Amaranthaceae. It is native to central and southwestern Asia. It is an annual plant , which grows to a height of up to 30 cm. Spinach may survive over winter in temperate regions... and the water has to be discarded. >- \| • Lactuca indica	Indian Lettuce	>- \| • Lactuca perennis Lactuca perennis Lactuca perennis, common names: Blue Lettuce or Perennial lettuce, is a perennial herbaceous plant species belonging to the genus Lactuca of the Asteraceae family.-Description:...	>- \| • Lactuca sativa	Lettuce	>- \| • Lactuca sativa var. angustana L. H. Bailey	Celtuce	>- \| • Lactuca serriola Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce is an annual or biennial plant, slightly foetid, that is commonly considered a weed of orchards, roadsides and field crops. The closest wild relative of cultivated lettuce , it grows throughout the temperate regions of all major continents. The leaves grow along a spiny stem and...	Prickly Lettuce	>- \| • Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley	Bottle Gourd	>- \| • Lallemantia iberica Lallemantia iberica Lallemantia iberica is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae.Originally from southwestern Asia it spread as a cultivated plant in prehistoric times to southeastern Europe, where, according to archaeobotanical research at sites in northern Greece, it was grown and the seeds were stored. The...	Dragon's head	Iran Iran Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia... as green vegetable >- \| • Lamium album Lamium album Lamium album is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native throughout Europe and Western Asia, growing in a variety of habitats from open grassland to woodland, generally on moist, fertile soils.-Growth:...	White deadnettle	>- \| • Lamium amplexicaule Lamium amplexicaule Lamium amplexicaule is a species of Lamium native to Europe, western Asia and northern Africa....	Henbit deadnettle	>- \| • Lamium purpureum	Red deadnettle	>- \| • Lapsana communis	Nipplewort	Ancient Rome Ancient Rome Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world.... . Presently it is not valued as a leafy vegetable >- \| • Leichhardtia australis	Bush Banana	>- \| • Leontodon hispidus	Hawkbit	>- \| • Leontodon tuberosus	>- \| • Lepidium campestre Lepidium campestre Lepidium campestre is an annual plant in the Brassicaceae or mustard family, native to Europe, but commonly found in North America as an invasive weed. The most notable characteristic of field pepperweed is the raceme of flowers which forks off of the stem...	Field pepperweed	Ecoport >- \| • Lepidium latifolium	Dittander	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Lepidium meyenii Walp. Lepidium meyenii Lepidium meyenii, known commonly as maca, is an herbaceous biennial plant or annual plant native to the high Andes of Peru and Bolivia. It is grown for its fleshy hypocotyl , which is used as a root vegetable and a medicinal herb...	Maca	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Lepidium sativum	Garden cress	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Lepidium virginicum Lepidium virginicum Lepidium virginicum, also known as Virginia pepperweed or peppergrass, is an annual or biennial plant in the Brassicaceae or mustard family. It is native to much of North America, including most of the United States and Mexico and southern regions of Canada, as well as most of Central America...	Virginia pepperweed	Ecoport >- \| • Leptadenia hastata	Decne	>- \| • Leucaena leucocephala	Phak kratin	Isan Isan Isan is the northeastern region of Thailand. It is located on the Khorat Plateau, bordered by the Mekong River to the north and east, by Cambodia to the southeast and the Prachinburi mountains south of Nakhon Ratchasima... ) >- \| • Levisticum officinale	Lovage	Ecoport >- \| • Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau Limnocharis flava Limnocharis flava is a species of aquatic flowering plant which is native to Southeast Asia. It is a roughly 50 cm tall plant growing in clumps....	Genjer	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Limnophila aromatica (Lamk) Merr. Limnophila aromatica Limnophila aromatica is a tropical flowering plant in the plantain family, Plantaginaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia, where it flourishes in hot temperatures and grows most often in watery environments, particularly in flooded rice fields...	Rice paddy herb, Ngò om	Ecoport >- \| • Limnophila indica (L.) Druce	Ecoport >- \| • Lysimachia clethroides	Gooseneck Loosestrife	>- \| • Malva neglecta Wallr. Malva neglecta Malva neglecta is also known as Common mallow in the United States and also buttonweed, cheeseplant, cheeseweed, dwarf mallow and roundleaf mallow.Although often considered a weed, this plant is reportedly consumed as a food...	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Malva parviflora Malva parviflora Malva parviflora is an annual or perennial herb that is native to Northern Africa, Europe and Asia and is widely naturalised elsewhere. Common names include cheeseweed, cheeseweed mallow, Egyptian mallow, least mallow, little mallow, mallow, marshmallow, small-flowered mallow, small-flowered...	Cheeseweed	Ecoport >- \| • Malva sylvestris Malva sylvestris Malva sylvestris is a species of the Mallow genus Malva in the family of Malvaceae and is considered to be the type species for the genus...	Mallow	GRIN >- \| • Malva verticillata Malva verticillata Malva verticillata, also known as the Chinese Mallow is a species of the Mallow genus Malva in the family of Malvaceae found in East Asia. M. verticillata is an annual or biennial that grow up to 1.7 meters in high and can inhabit woodland areas of different soil types. In temperate climates, it...	Musk Mallow	>- \| • Malva verticillata var. crispa Malva verticillata Malva verticillata, also known as the Chinese Mallow is a species of the Mallow genus Malva in the family of Malvaceae found in East Asia. M. verticillata is an annual or biennial that grow up to 1.7 meters in high and can inhabit woodland areas of different soil types. In temperate climates, it...	GRIN >- \| • Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta	Cassava	GRIN, Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Matteuccia struthiopteris	Kogomi	>- \| • Megacarpaea polyandra	多蕊高河菜 duo rui gao he cai	>- \| • Mentha arvensis piperascens Mentha arvensis Mentha arvensis is a species of mint with a circumboreal distribution. It is native to the temperate regions of Europe and western and central Asia, east to the Himalaya and eastern Siberia, and North America.It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 10–60 cm tall...	Japanese mint	>- \| • Mentha longifolia	Habek mint	Ecoport >- \| • Mertensia maritima	Sea bluebell	Inuit Inuit The Inuit are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Canada , Denmark , Russia and the United States . Inuit means “the people” in the Inuktitut language... Ecoport >- \| • Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a prostrate succulent plant that is native to Africa, Western Asia and Europe. The plant is covered with large, glistening bladder cells, reflected in its common names of Common Ice Plant, Crystalline Iceplant or Iceplant.-Uses:Its leaves are edible, as with some...	Ice plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a prostrate succulent plant that is native to Africa, Western Asia and Europe. The plant is covered with large, glistening bladder cells, reflected in its common names of Common Ice Plant, Crystalline Iceplant or Iceplant.-Uses:Its leaves are edible, as with some...	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Mimulus guttatus Mimulus guttatus Mimulus guttatus, the Common monkey-flower, is a yellow bee-pollinated annual or perennial herbaceous wildflower that grows along the banks of streams and seeps in western North America.-Description:...	Seep monkey flower	Ecoport >- \| • Mirabilis expansa (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl. Mirabilis expansa Mirabilis expansa is cultivated as a root vegetable in the Andes, at cold, windy altitudes above 2700 meters. The above-ground portion dies back with frost, but the root is quite hardy...	Mauka	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Moringa oleifera Lamk Moringa oleifera Moringa oleifera, the word Moringa probably came from dravidian language Tamil and commonly referred to as "Shojne" in Bengali, "Munagakaya" in Telugu,"Shenano" in Rajasthani,...	Drumstick tree	South Asia South Asia South Asia, also known as Southern Asia, is the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan countries and, for some authorities , also includes the adjoining countries to the west and the east... for curries and omelettes. GRIN, Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Moringa ovalifolia	South-west African moringa	>- \| • Moringa stenopetala Moringa stenopetala Moringa stenopetala is a species of tree in the Moringa family of flowering plants known mainly as an important nutritious vegetable tree food crop in the terraced fields of Konso, Ethiopia. In this way it's similar to its Indian relative, Moringa oleifera....	Ethiopian moringa	Zemede Asfaw, "Conservation and use of traditional vegetables in Ethiopia" >- \| • Mycelis muralis	Wall lettuce	Ecoport >- \| • Myrianthus arboreus	Ujuju	>- \| • Myriophyllum brasiliense	Parrot feather	>- \| • Myrrhis odorata	Cicely	>- \| • Nasturtium officinale R. Br.	Watercress	liver fluke Liver fluke Liver flukes are a polyphyletic group of trematodes .Adults of liver flukes are localized in the liver of various mammals, including humans. These flatworms can occur in bile ducts, gallbladder, and liver parenchyma. They feed on blood... Fasciola hepatica Fasciola hepatica Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke, is a parasitic flatworm of the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes that infects the livers of various mammals, including humans. The disease caused by the fluke is called fascioliasis . F... . >- \| • Neptunia oleracea Loureiro Neptunia oleracea Neptunia oleracea, commonly known in English as Water Mimosa, is a vegetable usually eaten raw in Thailand and Cambodia. It is an aquatic plant cultivated much like rice...	Phak chet	Nam phrik Nam phrik Nam phrik , generally pronounced "Nam phik", is a generic term that may refer to any of the types of more or less thick spicy, often chili based, hot sauces typical of Thai cuisine. The main ingredients of Nam phrik are fresh or dry chilies, garlic, shallots, fish sauce, lime juice and/or some kind... >- \| • Nymphaea odorata Nymphaea odorata Nymphaea odorata, also known as the Fragrant Water Lily and Beaver Root, is a flower belonging to the genus Nymphaea. It can commonly be found in lake shallows, ponds, and permanent slow moving waters throughout North America where it ranges from Central America to northern Canada...	Fragrant Water Lily	>- \| • Nymphoides indica	Water Snowflake	>- \| • Nymphoides peltatum Nymphoides peltatum Nymphoides peltatum is an aquatic plant. It has a long creeping stem that floats and connects to the leaf nodes. It is commonly found in ponds and slow moving bodies of water. It cannot grow in the shade and has to have a relatively deep body of water. Flowers bloom in July to September, while the...	Yellow floating heart	>- \| • Ocimum basilicum	Sweet Basil	>- \| • O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora Thai basil Thai basil is a type of sweet basil native to Southeast Asia that has been cultivated to provide a distinctive set of traits. It has an identifiable licorice flavor not present in sweet basil, and its flavor is more stable under high or extended cooking temperatures than that of sweet basil...	Thai basil	>- \| • Ocimum × citriodorum	Lemon basil	>- \| • Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. Oenanthe javanica Japanese parsley or Chinese celery is a plant of the water dropwort genus originating from East Asia.While many other species of water dropwort are extremely toxic, Oenanthe javanica is edible, and is cultivated in the People's Republic of China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand , the...	Water Celery	>- \| • Oenothera biennis Oenothera biennis Oenothera biennis is a species of Oenothera native to eastern and central North America, from Newfoundland west to Alberta, southeast to Florida, and southwest to Texas, and widely naturalized elsewhere in temperate and subtropical regions.-Growth and flowering:Oenorthera biennis has a life span...	Common evening primrose	>- \| • Oenothera hookeri	Hooker's Evening-primrose	>- \| • Onoclea sensibilis	Sensitive fern	Iroquois Iroquois The Iroquois , also known as the Haudenosaunee or the "People of the Longhouse", are an association of several tribes of indigenous people of North America... >- \| • Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Oroxylum indicum Oroxylum indicum is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Bignoniaceae.-Names:* Bignonia indica, L., Species Plantarum 2: 625. 1753.* Spathodea indica, L., Pers. Synopsis Plantarum 2: 173. 1807....	Pheka	>- \| • Oryza sativa Oryza sativa Oryza sativa, commonly known as Asian rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as rice. Oryza sativa is the cereal with the smallest genome, consisting of just 430Mb across 12 chromosomes...	Rice	>- \| • Osmorhiza aristata	>- \| • Osmunda cinnamomea	Cinnamon fern	>- \| • Osmunda claytoniana	Interrupted fern	>- \| • Oxalis acetosella	Common wood sorrel	Oxalis Oxalis Oxalis is by far the largest genus in the wood-sorrel family Oxalidaceae: of the approximately 900 known species in the Oxalidaceae, 800 belong here... species contain oxalic acid and should not be eaten for long periods in large quantities. If possible, they should be eaten after boiling and disposing of the water >- \| • Oxalis corniculata	Creeping woodsorrel	>- \| • Oxalis deppei	Iron Cross	>- \| • Oxalis oregana	Redwood sorrel	>- \| • Oxalis stricta Oxalis stricta Oxalis stricta, called the common yellow woodsorrel , common yellow oxalis, upright yellow-sorrel, lemon clover, or more ambiguously and informally "sourgrass" or "pickle plant", is an herbaceous plant native to North America, parts of Eurasia, and has a rare introduction in Britain...	Common yellow woodsorrel	>- \| • Oxalis tuberosa	Oca	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Oxalis violacea Oxalis violacea Oxalis violacea, the violet woodsorrel, is a perennial plant native to the United States. Similar in appearance to small clovers such as the shamrock, the plant bears violet colored flowers among three-parted leaves having heart-shaped leaflets. Wood sorrel emerges in early spring from an...	Ecoport >- \| • Oxyria digyna Oxyria digyna Oxyria digyna a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family. It is common in the tundra of Arctic...	Mountain sorrel	Ecoport >- \| • Pachira aquatica Aubl. Pachira aquatica Pachira aquatica is a tropical wetland tree of the genus Pachira, native to Central and South America where it grows in swamps. It is known by the common names Malabar chestnut, Guiana chestnut, provision tree, saba nut, Monguba , Pumpo and is commercially sold under the name money tree and money...	Money tree	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Pachira insignis (Swartz) Savigny	Ecoport >- \| • Paederia foetida Paederia foetida Paederia foetida is a species of plant, with common names that are variations of Skunkvine; Stinkvine; or Chinese Fever Vine...	Ecoport >- \| • Parkia biglandulosa	>- \| • Parkia speciosa Hassk. Parkia speciosa Parkia speciosa is a plant of the genus Parkia in the family Fabaceae...	Petai	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Parkinsonia florida Parkinsonia florida Parkinsonia florida is a species of palo verde native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico...	Blue Palo Verde	>- \| • Pastinaca sativa subsp. sativa	Parsnip	>- \| • Patrinia scabiosifolia	Golden lace	>- \| • Patrinia villosa	>- \| • Paulownia tomentosa Paulownia tomentosa Paulownia tomentosa is a deciduous tree in the genus Paulownia, native to central and western China, but invasive in the US...	Empress tree	>- \| • Pedalium murex	Burra Gookeroo	>- \| • Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Peperomia pellucida Peperomia pellucida is an annual, shallow-rooted herb, usually growing to a height of about 15 to 45 cm. it is characterized by succulent stems, shiny, heart-shaped, fleshy leaves and tiny, dot-like seeds attached to several fruiting spikes. It has a mustard-like odor when crushed. The family...	Clearweed	>- \| • Pereskia aculeata Mill. Pereskia aculeata Pereskia aculeata is a scrambling shrub in the family Cactaceae. Common names include Barbados gooseberry and leaf cactus. It is native to tropical America.-Description:...	Barbados Gooseberry	>- \| • Pergularia daemia	>- \| • Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton Perilla frutescens Perilla frutescens is an edible herb and ornamental plant in the Lamiaceae family. Its common name is perilla; it is also called beefsteak plant, Chinese basil, wild basil, purple mint, rattlesnake weed, or summer coleus.Perilla is a perennial herb and can grow to 3-5 feet tall...	Perilla	>- \| • Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach	Water pepper	>- \| • Persicaria vulgaris	>- \| • Petasites frigidus Petasites frigidus Petasites frigidus is a species of Petasites native to Arctic to cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America.It is a herbaceous perennial plant producing flowering stems in early spring, and large leaves through the summer...	Arctic butterbur	>- \| • ‘‘Petroselinum crispum (Miller) Nyman ex A.W. Hill’‘	Parsley	Ecoport >- \| • Peucedanum ostruthium	Ecoport >- \| • Phaseolus coccineus	Runner Bean	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Phaseolus lunatus	Lima Bean	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Phaseolus vulgaris	Bean	GRIN, Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel	Common Reed	Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Phyla scaberrima	Rough fogfruit	>- \| • Phyllanthus acidus	Star Gooseberry	>- \| • Phyllanthus emblica	Myrobalan	GRIN >- \| • Phyteuma orbiculare Phyteuma orbiculare Phyteuma orbiculare, common name Round-headed Rampion, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the genus Phyteuma belonging to the family Campanulaceae.-Description: Phyteuma orbiculare reaches on average of height...	Round-headed rampion	>- \| • Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.	Indian Pokeberry	Ecoport >- \| • Phytolacca acinosa var. esculenta	>- \| • Phytolacca americana Phytolacca americana American Pokeweed is a large semi-succulent herbaceous perennial plant growing up to 10 feet in height. It is native to eastern North America, the Midwest, and the Gulf Coast, with more scattered populations in the far West...	American Pokeweed	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Phytolacca dioica	Bella Sombra	Ecoport >- \| • Phytolacca rivinoides	Deer calalu	>- \| • Pimpinella anisum	Aniseed	>- \| • Pimpinella saxifraga	Burnet Saxifrage	Ecoport >- \| • Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.	Japanese Red Pine	>- \| • Piper auritum	Mexican Pepperleaf	>- \| • Piper guineense	West African Pepper	>- \| • Piper sarmentosum Piper sarmentosum Piper sarmentosum is a plant in the Piperaceae family used in many Southeast Asian cuisines. The leaves are often confused with betel, but they lack the intense taste of the betel leaves and are significantly smaller.-Names:...	Cha-phlu	>- \| • Pipturus argenteus (J.G. Forster) Wedd.	Queensland grass-cloth plant	>- \| • Pisonia grandis Pisonia grandis Pisonia grandis is a species of flowering tree in the Bougainvillea family, Nyctaginaceae.-Description:The tree has broad, thin leaves, smooth bark and bears clusters of green sweet-smelling flowers that mature into sticky barbed seeds....	Tree lettuce	>- \| • Pistacia chinensis Bunge	Chinese Pistache	>- \| • Pistacia terebinthus	Terebinth	>- \| • Pistia stratiotes	Water Lettuce	>- \| • Pisum sativum	Garden Pea	>- \| • Plantago coronopus Plantago coronopus Plantago coronopus is a species of Plantago sometimes grown as a leaf vegetable...	Buckshorn plantain	>- \| • Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata Plantago lanceolata is a species of genus Plantago known by the common names ribwort plantain, English plantain, and narrowleaf plantain. It is a common weed of cultivated land....	Long-leaved Plantain	>- \| • Plantago major	Broad-leaved Plantain	>- \| • Plantago maritima Plantago maritima Plantago maritima is a species of Plantago, family Plantaginaceae. It has a subcosmopolitan distribution in temperate and Arctic regions, native to most of Europe, northwest Africa, northern and central Asia, northern North America, and southern South America...	>- \| • Pluchea indica (L.) Less.	>- \| • Podophyllum hexandrum Podophyllum hexandrum The perennial herb Podophyllum hexandrum , bearing the common names Himalayan mayapple or Indian may apple, is native to the lower elevations in and surrounding the Himalaya. It is low to the ground with glossy green, drooping, lobed leaves on its few stiff branches, and it bears a pale pink...	Himalayan mayapple	>- \| • Poliomintha incana Poliomintha incana Poliomintha incana is a species of flowering plant in the mint family which is known as frosted mint. It is native to dry and desert areas of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is a strongly aromatic shrub with dark green foliage covered in small white hairs...	>- \| • Polygonum aviculare Polygonum aviculare Polygonum aviculare or Common Knotgrass is a plant related to buckwheat and dock. It is also called birdweed, pigweed and lowgrass. It is an annual found in fields and wasteland, with white flowers from June to October....	Knotweed	>- \| • Polygonum bistorta	Bistort	Ecoport >- \| • Polygonum bistortoides Polygonum bistortoides Polygonum bistortoides , syn. Bistorta bistortoides, is a perennial herb in the genus Polygonum....	American Bistort	Ecoport >- \| • Polygonum punctatum	>- \| • Polygonum viviparum	Alpine bistort	Ecoport >- \| • Poncirus trifoliata	Trifoliate orange	Ecoport >- \| • Pontederia cordata Pontederia cordata Pontederia cordata, commonly known as Pickerelweed, is a monocotyledonous aquatic plant native to North and South America. It can be found on pond and lake margins across an extremely large range from eastern Canada south to Argentina. The species is tristylous, meaning the styles of individual...	Ecoport >- \| • Portulaca oleracea	Common purslane	>- \| • Portulaca pilosa Portulaca pilosa Portulaca pilosa is a species of flowering plant in the purslane family, Portulacaceae, that is native to the Americas. Its range extends from the southern United States and the Caribbean as far south as Brazil. It is a succulent with linear leaves and pink flowers.-External links:*...	>- \| • Portulacaria afra Portulacaria afra Portulacaria afra, also known as Dwarf Jade Plant, Elephant's Food, Elephant Bush, and Spekboom in Afrikaans, is a small-leaved succulent found in South Africa.-Description:...	Elephant Bush	>- \| • Primula veris Primula veris Primula veris is a flowering plant in the genus Primula. The species is found throughout most of temperate Europe and Asia, and although absent from more northerly areas including much of northwest Scotland, it reappears in northernmost Sutherland and Orkney.-Names:The common name cowslip derives...	Cowslip	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Primula vulgaris Primula vulgaris Primula vulgaris is a species of Primula native to western and southern Europe , northwest Africa , and southwest Asia...	Primrose	Ecoport >- \| • Pringlea antiscorbutica	Kerguelen cabbage	scurvy Scurvy Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of collagen in humans. The chemical name for vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is derived from the Latin name of scurvy, scorbutus, which also provides the adjective scorbutic... >-	• Proboscidea louisianica	Ecoport >- \| • Prosopis spicegera	>- \| • Prunella vulgaris Prunella vulgaris Prunella vulgaris, known as common selfheal, heal-all, heart-of-the-earth, is a medicinal plant in the genus Prunella. It grows 5 to 30 cms high , with creeping, self-rooting, tough, square, reddish stems branching at leaf axis...	Ecoport >- \| • Pteris ensiformis Pteris ensiformis Pteris ensiformis, the silver lace fern, sword brake fern, or slender brake fern, is a plant species in the genus Pteris found in tropical Africa, tropical Asia and the Pacific.-Beverages:...	>- \| • Ptychosperma elegans Ptychosperma elegans Ptychosperma elegans, also known as the "Solitaire palm" and the "Alexander palm," is a very slender palm common to Florida but native to Australia. It is sometimes confused with Archontophoenix alexandrae which is a much larger palm but appears similar in the immature form...	>- \| • Pulicaria odora	>- \| • Pulmonaria officinalis Pulmonaria officinalis Pulmonaria officinalis, common name Lungwort or Common Lungwort, is an herbaceous evergreen perennial rhizomatous plant of the genus Pulmonaria, belonging to the family Boraginaceae-Etymology:...	Lungwort	Ecoport >- \| • Puya caerulea	>- \| • Puya chilensis Puya chilensis Puya chilensis, is a terrestrial bromeliad originating from the arid hillsides of Chile. An evergreen perennial it forms large, dense rosettes of grey-green, strap like leaves edged with hooked spines. The green-yellow flowers are born on spikes up to 2 m high and which resemble a medieval mace....	Ecoport >- \| • Pyrus betulaefolia	Birch-Leaved Pear	>- \| • Ranunculus ficaria	Lesser celandine	Ecoport >- \| • Raphanus raphanistrum	Wild radish	Ecoport >- \| • Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. landra	>- \| • Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. maritimus	>- \| • Raphanus sativus	Radish	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus	Chinese radish	>- \| • Raphia hookeri G. Mann & H. Wendl.	Raffia palm	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Reichardia picroides	French Scorzonera	Ecoport >- \| • Rhamnus dahurica	>- \| • Rheum rhabarbarum	>- \| • Rheum tataricum	>- \| • Rhexia virginica	Meadow beauty	Ecoport >- \| • Rhodiola rosea Rhodiola rosea Rhodiola rosea is a plant in the Crassulaceae family that grows in cold regions of the world. These include much of the Arctic, the mountains of Central Asia, the Rocky Mountains, and mountainous parts of Europe, such as the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathian Mountains, Scandinavia, Iceland, Great...	Roseroot	Ecoport >- \| • Rhododendron arboreum Rhododendron arboreum Rhododendron arboreum is an evergreen shrub or small tree with a showy display of bright red flowers. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Rhododendron arboreum is also the national flower of Nepal.-Description:Its name means "tending to be woody or growing in a...	Ecoport >- \| • Rhopalostylis sapida	Nikau	>- \| • Ribes cereum Ribes cereum Ribes cereum is a species of currant known by the common names wax currant and squaw currant...	Ecoport >- \| • Ribes divaricatum Ribes divaricatum Ribes divaricatum is a species of currant with three accepted varieties, and known by several common names, found in the forests, woodlands, and coastal scrub of western North America from British Columbia to California.-Varieties:...	Ecoport >- \| • Ribes nigrum	Blackcurrant	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Ribes odoratum	Ecoport >- \| • Rorippa indica	>- \| • Rorippa islandica	>- \| • Rosa multiflora	Seven Sisters Rose	>- \| • Roystonea elata	>- \| • Roystonea oleracea Roystonea oleracea Roystonea oleracea, sometimes known as the Caribbean Royal Palm, palmiste, Imperial palm or cabbage palm, is a species of palm which is native to the Lesser Antilles, northern South America and Trinidad and Tobago.-Description:...	>- \| • Rubus rosaefolius	>- \| • Rumex acetosa	Sorrel	oxalic acid Oxalic acid Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula H2C2O4. This colourless solid is a dicarboxylic acid. In terms of acid strength, it is about 3,000 times stronger than acetic acid. Oxalic acid is a reducing agent and its conjugate base, known as oxalate , is a chelating agent for metal cations... . Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly and leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water. >- \| • Salicornia europaea	Glasswort	>- \| • Salix babylonica	Weeping Willow	Ecoport >- \| • Salix daphnoides	>- \| • Salix gracilistyla Salix gracilistyla Salix gracilistyla is a species of willow native to Japan, Korea and China known in English as Rosegold Pussy Willow.It is a deciduous shrub that reaches a height of 1-6 m.-Varieties:...	Rosegold pussy willow	>- \| • Salsola kali Salsola kali Kali soda is an annual plant that grows in arid soils and in sandy coastal soils. Its original range is Eurasian, but it has become naturalized, and even invasive, in North America, Australia, and elsewhere...	Saltwort	Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Salsola komarovi	Land Seaweed	>- \| • Salsola soda Salsola soda Salsola soda, more commonly known in English as Opposite Leaved Saltwort, Oppositeleaf Russian Thistle, or Barilla Plant, is a small , annual, succulent shrub that is native to the Mediterranean Basin...	Opposite leaved saltwort	Ecoport >- \| • Salvadora persica Salvadora persica Salvadora persica , is a species of Salvadora....	Toothbrush tree	Ecoport >- \| • Sambucus javanica Sambucus javanica Sambucus javanica is a species of Elderberry in the family Adoxaceae native to tropical Asia. It is found naturally in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia , the Philippines, southern Thailand, and Vietnam....	Ecoport >- \| • Sambucus sieboldiana	Ecoport >- \| • Sanguisorba canadensis Sanguisorba canadensis Sanguisorba canadensis, or Canadian burnet, is a perennial in the family Rosaceae native to North America, commonly growing in bogs, swamps, and roadsides from Labrador to Georgia. It grows 4–5 ft. tall, with creamy white flowers that grow in cylindrical spikes...	Ecoport >- \| • Sanguisorba minor	Salad Burnet	Ecoport >- \| • Sanguisorba officinalis Sanguisorba officinalis Sanguisorba officinalis is a plant in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae. It is native throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America....	Great Burnet	>- \| • Sassafras albidum Sassafras albidum Sassafras albidum is a species of Sassafras native to eastern North America, from southern Maine and southern Ontario west to Iowa, and south to central Florida and eastern Texas. It occurs throughout the eastern deciduous forest habitat type, at altitudes of sea level up to 1,500 m...	Sassafras	Ecoport >- \| • Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merrill Sauropus androgynus Sauropus androgynus, also known as katuk, star gooseberry, or sweet leaf, is a shrub grown in some tropical regions as a leaf vegetable...	Katuk	papaverine Papaverine Papaverine is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasm, vasospasm , and occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction... GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Saxifraga pensylvanica	Eastern Swamp Saxifrage	Cherokee Cherokee The Cherokee are a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States . Linguistically, they are part of the Iroquoian language family... traditionally ate the leaves raw as greens Ecoport >- \| • Saxifraga stolonifera Saxifraga stolonifera Saxifraga stolonifera is a perennial flowering plant known by several common names, including Creeping Saxifrage, Strawberry Saxifrage, Creeping Rockfoil, the quite ambiguous "Aaron's beard", and Strawberry Begonia or Strawberry Geranium...	Creeping Rockfoil	Ecoport >- \| • Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Scolymus hispanicus Scolymus hispanicus Scolymus hispanicus is a flowering plant in the genus Scolymus in the family Asteraceae, native to southern and western Europe, north to northwestern France....	Tagarnina	Ecoport >- \| • Scolymus maculatus Scolymus maculatus Scolymus maculatus is an annual plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region in southern Europe, southwest Asia, and northern Africa, and also the Canary Islands....	Spotted golden thistle	Ecoport >- \| • Scorzonera hispanica	Scorzonera	>- \| • Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria baicalensis is a species of flowering plant in the Lamiaceae family.-Medicinal uses:...	Baikal Skullcap	>- \| • Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz	Chayote	>- \| • Sedum anacampseros	Love-restorer	>-	• Sedum divergens Sedum divergens Sedum divergens, commonly called spreading stonecrop, Cascade stonecrop, and Pacific stonecrop, is a low growing flowering plant of the genus Sedum. It is native to western North America from Alaska to northern California. This plant is common in the lava beds of Northwest British Columbia where...	Spreading stonecrop	Nisga'a Nisga'a The Nisga’a , often formerly spelled Nishga and spelled in the Nisga’a language as Nisga’a, are an Indigenous nation or First Nation in Canada. They live in the Nass River valley of northwestern British Columbia. Their name comes from a combination of two Nisga’a words: Nisk’-"top lip" and... people of Northwest British Columbia British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858... . >- \| • Sedum reflexum Sedum reflexum Sedum reflexum or Sedum rupestre, also known as Reflexed Stonecrop, Blue Stonecrop, Jenny's Stonecrop and Prick-madam, is a species of succulent plant of the genus Sedum, native to Northern, Central, and Southwestern Europe.-Description:The Sedum reflexum plants are typically up to 10 cm high, with...	Jenny's stonecrop	herb Herb Except in botanical usage, an herb is "any plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers used for flavoring, food, medicine, or perfume" or "a part of such a plant as used in cooking"... in Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... . >- \| • Sedum rhodanthum	Rose crown	>-	• Sedum telephium Hylotelephium telephium Hylotelephium telephium is succulent perennial groundcover of the family Crassulaceae native to Eurasia. The flowers are held in dense heads and can be reddish or yellowish-white...	Livelong	>-	• Senna siamea Senna siamea Senna siamea , also known as Kassod Tree or Cassod Tree, is a legume in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is native to South and Southeast Asia, although its exact origin is unknown....	Cassod Tree	>- \| • Sesamum alatum Thonn.	Sésame de gazelle	Chad Chad Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west... as a vegetable. Considered as famine food Famine food A famine food or poverty food is any inexpensive or readily-available foodstuff used to nourish people in times of extreme poverty or starvation, as during a war or famine... in some areas >- \| • Sesamum indicum	Sesame	>- \| • Sesamum radiatum Schumach. & Thonn.	Benniseed	>- \| • Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poiret Sesbania grandiflora Sesbania grandiflora or hummingbird tree/scarlet wisteria is a small tree in the genus Sesbania.-Description:...	West Indian pea	>- \| • Sesbania sesban (L.) Merrill Sesbania sesban Sesbania sesbanSynonyms for the species name include:Aeschynomene aegyptiaca Steud.Aeschynomene elongata Salisb.Aeschynomene sesban L.Dolichos aeschynome-sesban Forssk.EmerusSesbania punctata DC....	Sesban	>- \| • Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) Sesuvium portulacastrum Sesuvium portulacastrum, commonly known as shoreline purslane or "sea purslane", is a sprawling perennial herb that grows in coastal areas throughout much of the world.-Description:...	Sea Purselane	>- \| • Setaria palmifolia (Koenig) Stapf	Palm-grass	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Sicyos angulatus Sicyos angulatus Sicyos angulatus , the burr cucumber or star-cucumber is an annual vine in the cucumber family native to eastern North America....	Ecoport >- \| • Sida rhombifolia Sida rhombifolia Sida rhombifolia is a perennial or sometimes annual plant in the Family Malvaceae, native to the New World tropics and subtropics. Other common names include Paddy’s lucerne, jelly leaf, and also somewhat confusingly as Cuban jute, Queensland hemp, and Indian hemp Sida rhombifolia (Arrowleaf...	Arrowleaf sida	>- \| • Sidalcea neomexicana Sidalcea neomexicana Sidalcea neomexicana is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common name salt spring checkerbloom. It is native to the western United States and Mexico, where it can be found in a number of habitat types, including alkali flats and other salty substrates...	>- \| • Silaum silaus	>- \| • Silene acaulis	Moss campion	Ecoport >- \| • Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Silene vulgaris Silene vulgaris, Silene cucubalus or Bladder Campion is a plant species of the genus Silene of the Pink Family . It is native to Europe, where in some parts it is eaten, but is widespread in North America where it is considered a weed..-Gastronomy:In Spain, the young shoots and the leaves are used...	Bladder Campion	>- \| • Silybum marianum	Blessed milk thistle	Ecoport >- \| • Sinapis alba	White Mustard	Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Sinapis arvensis Sinapis arvensis Sinapis arvensis is an annual or winter annual plant of the genus Sinapis, belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It is commonly known as Field mustard, Wild mustard or charlock.-Etymology:...	Charlock	Ecoport >- \| • Sisymbrium altissimum Sisymbrium altissimum Sisymbrium altissimum is a species of Sisymbrium. The plant is native to the western part of the Mediterranean Basin in Europe and Northern Africa and is widely naturalized throughout most of the world, including all of North America. It was probably introduced into North America by a contaminant...	Ecoport >- \| • Sisymbrium crassifolium	Ecoport >- \| • Sisymbrium irio	London rocket	>- \| • Sisymbrium officinale	Hedge mustard	Ecoport >- \| • Sium cicutaefolium	>- \| • Smyrnium olusatrum	Alexanders	Ecoport >- \| • Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir.) J. K. Morton	Chinese potato	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Solidago missouriensis	Ecoport >- \| • Sonchus arvensis Sonchus arvensis Sonchus arvensis is a medicinal plant. It is an invasive species in the Great Lakes region and was first sited in 1865.-External links:** Photos, Drawings, Text...	Field sow-thistle	Ecoport >- \| • Sonchus asper Sonchus asper Sonchus asper is an annual plant with spiny leaves and yellow flowers resembling those of the dandelion. The leaves are bluish-green, simple, lanceolate, with wavy and sometimes lobed margins, covered in spines on both the margins and beneath...	Spiny-leaved sow thistle	Ecoport >- \| • Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus oleraceus is a medicinal plant native to Asia and Europe, which is nutritious food for humans and most livestock.- Nutritive qualities :The common name Sow thistle refers to its...	Sow Thistle	Ecoport >- \| • Sophora japonica	Pagoda-tree	Ecoport >- \| • Spathiphyllum phryniifolium	>- \| • Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertner	Ecoport >- \| • Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Spilanthes acmella	Toothache Plant	>- \| • Spinacia oleracea	Spinach	oxalic acid Oxalic acid Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula H2C2O4. This colourless solid is a dicarboxylic acid. In terms of acid strength, it is about 3,000 times stronger than acetic acid. Oxalic acid is a reducing agent and its conjugate base, known as oxalate , is a chelating agent for metal cations... . Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly. In dishes that include large quantities, leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water. GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Spirodela polyrhiza	Greater Duck-weed	Ecoport >- \| • Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson	Otaheite Apple	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Spondias mombin Spondias mombin Spondias mombin is a tree, a species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is native to the tropical Americas, including the West Indies. The tree has been naturalized in parts of Africa, India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia. It is rarely cultivated.The mature fruit has a leathery skin and a...	Yellow mombin	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Spondias purpurea	Jocote	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Stanleya pinnatifida	>- \| • Stellaria media (L.) Vill.	Common Chickweed	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Stenochlaena palustris	>- \| • Sterculia foetida	Ecoport >- \| • Sterculia tragacantha	>- \| • Strychnos spinosa Lam. Strychnos spinosa Strychnos spinosa is a tree indigenous to tropical and subtropical Africa. It produces juicy, sweet-sour, yellow fruits, containing numerous hard brown seeds. Greenish-white flowers grow in dense heads at the ends of branches . The fruit tend to appear only after good rains. The smooth, hard fruit...	Natal orange	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumortier	Sea Blite	Ecoport >- \| • Symphytum officinale Symphytum officinale Symphytum officinale is a perennial flowering plant of the genus Symphytum in the family Boraginaceae. Along with several other species of Symphytum, it is commonly known as comfrey. To differentiate it from other comfreys, this species may be known as common comfrey, Quaker comfrey, and cultivated...	Ecoport >- \| • Symphytum uplandicum	>- \| • Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertner	Ecoport >- \| • Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry	Malay apple	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Syzygium polycephalum (Miq.) Merr. & Perry	Ecoport >- \| • Talinum paniculatum Talinum paniculatum Talinum paniculatum is a succulent subshrub in the purslane family, Portulacaceae, that is native to the Southern United States, the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central and South America. It is commonly known as Jewels-of-Opar, a name borrowed from the title of the novel Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar by...	Jewels of Opar	>- \| • Talinum portulacifolium	Ecoport >- \| • Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.	Ecoport >- \| • Tanacetum vulgare	Tansy	Ecoport >- \| • Taraxacum albidum Taraxacum albidum Taraxacum albidum is a type of dandelion that grows in eastern Eurasia.It is a perennial herbaceous plant, native to the southern part of Japan....	>- \| • Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H. Wigg. Taraxacum officinale Taraxacum officinale, the common dandelion , is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae . It can be found growing in temperate regions of the world, in lawns, on roadsides, on disturbed banks and shores of water ways, and other areas with moist soils. T...	Dandelion	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • ‘‘Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f. Telfairia occidentalis Telfairia occidentalis is a tropical vine grown in West Africa as a leaf vegetable and for its edible seeds. Common names for the plant include Fluted gourd, Fluted pumpkin, and Ugu.... ’‘	Fluted gourd	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Telosma cordata Telosma cordata Telosma cordata Telosma cordata Telosma cordata (Tonkin jasmine, pakalana vine, Tonkinese creeper, Chinese violet, (Vietnamese Thiên lý), is a species of flowering plant native to China. It is cultivated elsewhere and may occur wild as an introduced species....	>- \| • Tetracarpidium conophorum	>- \| • Tetragonia decumbens Tetragonia decumbens Tetragonia decumbens, commonly known as Sea Spinach, is a coastal shrub native to southern Africa.-Description:It grows as a trailing undershrub with thick, pale, furry stems, and thick, oval leaves one to six centimetres line and five to thirty millimetres wide...	>- \| • Tetragonia implexicoma	Ecoport >- \| • Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pallas) O. Kuntze	New Zealand Spinach	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Thalia geniculata	>- \| • Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa	Portia tree	Ecoport >- \| • Thlaspi arvense Thlaspi arvense Thlaspi arvense is a foetid Eurasian plant having round flat pods; naturalized throughout North America. It is also related to the Lepidium species in the cabbage family.-Edible uses:...	Pennycress	Ecoport >- \| • Thymus vulgaris Thymus vulgaris Thymus vulgaris or common thyme is a low growing herbaceous plant, sometimes becoming somewhat woody. It is native to southern Europe, where it is often cultivated as a culinary herb....	Common Thyme	Ecoport >- \| • Tiliacora triandra Tiliacora triandra Tiliacora triandra is a species of flowering plant native to mainland Southeast Asia and used particularly in the cuisines of northeast Thailand and Laos. In the Isan language, it is called bai yanang or bai ya nang , or simply yanang or ya nang . In Laos, it is also called bai yanang...	>- \| • Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lamk	Ecoport >- \| • Toona sinensis (Adr. Juss.) M.J. Roemer Toona sinensis Toona sinensis Toona sinensis Toona sinensis (syn. Cedrela sinensis A.Juss.; Chinese Mahogany, Chinese Toon, or Red Toon is a species of Toona native to eastern and southeastern Asia, from North Korea south through most of eastern, central and southwestern China to Nepal, northeastern India,...	Chinese Mahogany	>- \| • Tordylium apulum Tordylium apulum Tordylium apulum, commonly known as the Mediterranean Hartwort, is an annual forb or herb. It is classified within the family Apiaceae, the carrot family. It is located in a range from Europe to west Asia, but was introduced to the United States. It is now found only in Arizona.-Description:The...	Ecoport >- \| • Trachycarpus fortunei Trachycarpus fortunei Trachycarpus fortunei is a palm native to central China , south to northern Burma. It is a fan palm Trachycarpus fortunei (Chusan Palm, Windmill Palm or Chinese Windmill Palm; syn. Chamaerops fortunei Hook., T. wagnerianus Becc.) is a palm native to central China (Hubei southwards), south to...	Windmill Palm	Ecoport >- \| • Tradescantia virginiana Tradescantia virginiana Tradescantia virginiana is a species of Tradescantia native to the eastern United States. Spiderwort is commonly grown in gardens and many garden spiderworts seem to be hybrids of T...	Ecoport >- \| • Tragopogon dubius	Western salsify	Ecoport >- \| • Tragopogon porrifolius	Salsify	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Tragopogon pratensis	Goat's Beard	Ecoport >- \| • Trianthema portulacastrum Trianthema portulacastrum Trianthema portulacastrum is a species of flowering plant in the ice plant family known by the common name desert horse purslane. It is native to areas of several continents, including Africa and North and South America, and present as an introduced species in many other areas...	Ecoport >- \| • Trichodesma zeylanicum Trichodesma zeylanicum Trichodesma zeylanicum, commonly known as Camel Bush or Cattle Bush, is a herb or shrub native to Australia.-Description:It grows as an erect herb or shrub up to two metres high, with a well-developed taproot. Flowers are blue, or rarely white.-Taxonomy:This species was first published as Borago...	>- \| • Trifolium hybridum Trifolium hybridum Trifolium hybridum, alsike clover, is a plant species of the genus Trifolium in the pea family Fabaceae. The stalked, pale pink or whitish flower head grows from the leaf axils, and the trifoliate leaves are unmarked. The plant is tall, and is found in fields and on roadsides – it is also...	Alsike Clover	>- \| • Trifolium pratense	Red Clover	>- \| • Trifolium repens	White Clover	>- \| • Trigonella caerulea	Sweet Trefoil	>- \| • Trigonella corniculata (L.)	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Trillium erectum Trillium erectum Trillium erectum, also known as Wake-robin, red trillium, purple trillium, Beth root or Stinking Benjamin, is a spring-flowering perennial plant native to the east and north-eastern areas of North America. The flowers are a deep red colour, and the plant takes its name Wake-robin by analogy with...	Wake-robin	Ecoport >- \| • Trillium grandiflorum Trillium grandiflorum Trillium grandiflorum, commonly known as white trillium, great white trillium, white wake-robin, or in French as trille blanc, is a perennial monocotyledonous plant in the lily family...	White trillium	Ecoport >- \| • Trillium sessile Trillium sessile Trillium sessile is a perennial spring wildflower native to the central part of the eastern United States and the Ozarks. It is a small trillium . Toadshade can be distinguished from other trilliums by its single foul smelling, stalkless, flower nestled in the middle of its three leaves...	>- \| • Trillium undulatum Trillium undulatum Trillium undulatum is a wildflower of the genus trillium found from Ontario in the north to the Carolinas in the south and from Michigan in the west to Nova Scotia in the east. It is also known as painted lady or trille ondulé...	Painted trillium	Ecoport >- \| • Tropaeolum majus Tropaeolum majus Tropaeolum majus is a flowering plant in the family Tropaeolaceae, originating in South America in the Andes from Bolivia north to Colombia. It is of cultivated, probably hybrid origin, with possible parent species including T. minus, T. moritzianum, T. peltophorum, and T...	Garden Nasturtium	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Tropaeolum minus	Dwarf Nasturtium	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pavon	Mashua	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Tulbaghia alliacea	Ecoport >- \| • Tussilago farfara	Coltsfoot	Ecoport >- \| • Typha capensis	>- \| • Typha elephantina	Ecoport >- \| • Ullucus tuberosus Lozano	Ulluco	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Ulmus pumila	Siberian elm	Ecoport >- \| • Urena lobata	Rose Mallow	Ecoport >- \| • Urtica dioica	Stinging Nettle	>- \| • Urtica urens Urtica urens Urtica urens, commonly known as Annual Nettle, Dwarf Nettle or Small Nettle, is a herbaceous annual plant species of the genus Urtica. It is native to Eurasia and it can be found in North America and New Zealand as an introduced species...	Annual Nettle	>- \| • Valerianella eriocarpa Desv.	Italian Corn Salad	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade	Corn Salad	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Vallaris heynei	>- \| • Verbena officinalis Verbena officinalis Verbena officinalis, the Common Vervain or Common Verbena, is a perennial herb native to Europe. It grows up to a metre/yard high, with an upright habitus...	European Verbena	Ecoport >- \| • Vernonia amygdalina Delile Vernonia amygdalina Vernonia amygdalina, a member of the Asteraceae family, is a small shrub that grows in the tropical Africa. V. amygdalina is commonly called bitter leaf because of its bitter taste. The leaves may be consumed either as a vegetable or aqueous extracts as tonics for the treatment of various illnesses...	Bitter leaf	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Veronica anagallis-aquatica Veronica anagallis-aquatica Veronica anagallis-aquatica is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names water speedwell, blue speedwell, and brook pimpernel. Its true native range is not clear, but the plant is present on most continents, and in most places it is probably naturalized...	Water Speedwell	Ecoport >- \| • Veronica beccabunga	Brooklime	Ecoport >- \| • Veronicastrum sibiricum Veronicastrum sibiricum Veronicastrum sibiricum is a plant in the plantain family, Plantaginaceae.-Description:Veronicastrum sibiricum is a herbaceous plant with whorled, simple leaves, on weakly upright stems. The flowers are pale purple, borne in summer....	>- \| • Viola adunca Viola adunca Viola adunca is a species of violet known by the common names hookedspur violet, sand violet, and western dog violet. It is native to North America, including the western half of the United States to New England northward throughout Canada.This is a hairy, compact plant growing from a small rhizome...	Ecoport >- \| • Viola canadensis Viola canadensis Viola canadensis is more commonly known as Canadian white violet, Canada Violet, tall white violet, or white violet. As its name suggests, it is a species of violet which bears white blooms. The flowers are white, with yellow bases and sometimes streaks of purple. The leaves are heart shaped, with...	Canada Violet	Ecoport >- \| • Viola odorata	Sweet Violet	Ecoport >- \| • Viola papilionacea	>- \| • Viola pedata Viola pedata Viola pedata is an ornamental plant in the Violaceae family. Monophyletic in stature, this violet, also known as the "mountain pansy" is endemic to eastern North America, where it favors well drained, acidic soils in full to partial sun environments...	Bird's Foot Violet	Ecoport >- \| • Viola sororia Viola sororia Viola sororia, known commonly as the Common Blue Violet, is a stemless herbaceous perennial plant that is native to eastern North America...	Common blue violet	>- \| • Viola x wittrockiana	>- \| • Vitex doniana	Ecoport >- \| • Vitis amurensis Vitis amurensis Vitis amurensis, the Amur grape, is a species of grape native to the Asian continent. Its name comes from the Amur Valley in Russia and China.It is very resistant to frost, but is not tolerant to drought...	Amur grape	Ecoport >- \| • Vitis californica Vitis californica Vitis californica is a wild grape species native to most of California and southwestern Oregon. It is a deciduous vine which can grow to over 10 m in length. It climbs on other plants or covers the ground with twisted, woody ropes of vine covered in green leaves...	California wild grape	Ecoport >- \| • Vitis coignetiae Vitis coignetiae Vitis coignetiae is a plant belonging to the genus Vitis that is native to the temperate climes of asia, where it can be found in Russian Federation ; Korea; and Japan...	>- \| • Vitis labrusca Vitis labrusca Vitis labrusca is a species of grapevines belonging to the Vitis genus in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The vines are native to the eastern United States and are the source of many grape cultivars, including Catawba and Concord grapes, and many hybrid grape varieties such as Agawam,...	Northern Fox Grape	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Vitis munsoniana	>- \| • Vitis shuttleworthii Vitis shuttleworthii Vitis shuttleworthii is a North American liana in the grape family commonly known as the caloosa grape . It is native to the southeastern United States, principally in south and central Florida....	>- \| • Vitis vinifera Vitis vinifera Vitis vinifera is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran....	Grape	GRIN, Ecoport, Duke >- \| • Wasabia japonica	Wasabi	>- \| • Wedelia biflora (L.) DC.	Ecoport >- \| • Wisteria floribunda Wisteria floribunda Wisteria floribunda, the Japanese wisteria, is a woody liana of the Wisteria family. It was brought from Japan to the United States in 1860 by George Rogers Hall. Since then, it has become one of the most highly romanticized flowering garden plants...	Japanese wisteria	Ecoport >- \| • Wolffia arrhiza Wolffia arrhiza Wolffia arrhiza is a species of flowering plant known by the common names spotless watermeal and rootless duckweed, belonging to the Araceae, a family rich in water-loving species, such as Arum and Pistia. It is the smallest vascular plant on Earth...	>- \| • Xanthoceras sorbifolium	Yellowhorn	>- \| • Xanthosoma atrovirens	>- \| • Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl.	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott Xanthosoma sagittifolium Xanthosoma sagittifolium, the arrowleaf elephant ear or arrowleaf elephant's ear, is a species of tropical flowering plant in the genus Xanthosoma, which produces an edible, starchy tuber.-Cuisine and reforestation:...	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Xanthosoma violaceum Schott Xanthosoma violaceum Xanthosoma violaceum, commonly known as Tiquisque, produces a starchy tuber. It and the white species Xanthosoma sagittifolium are sold commercially. These tubers and those of several related genera are important staple crops in many tropical regions....	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Ximenia americana Ximenia americana Ximenia americana, commonly known as Yellow Plum or Sea Lemon, is a small sprawling tree of woodlands native to Australia and Asia....	GRIN, Ecoport >- \| • Zanthoxylum piperitum	>- \| • Zanthoxylum planispinum Zanthoxylum planispinum Zanthoxylum planispinum is a species of plant in the Rutaceae family. It is an aromatic, deciduous, spiny shrub growing to 3.5 meters in height, endemic to China, Japan, and Korea.-References:* *...	>- \| • Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J.E. Smith Zingiber zerumbet Zingiber zerumbet Sm., also known as the Shampoo Ginger, is a vigorous ginger with leafy stems growing to about 1.2 m tall. It is found in many tropical countries. The rhizomes of Z...	Awapuhi