List of premiers of China
Encyclopedia
This is a list of the Premiers of China from 1911-1912 during the Qing Dynasty
.
The first recorded instance of a monarch of China appointing a chief minister was in around 1130 BC, by King Tang of the Shang Dynasty
. Since then, almost every monarch in China appointed a chief minister to help him or her to run the administration. This role has been known by several different names, most commonly Chancellor
. With the unification of China under the Qin
Emperor in 221 BC, the power in the premiers' hands was reduced because of the Emperors' intentions of setting up an absolute monarchy. In 1380, Emperor Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty
ordered the death of his Chancellor, and did not appoint another in his lifetime. From then until 1911, a number of people formally shared the responsibility of chief minister to the Emperor. Even when one of them dominated government, such as in the case of Li Hongzhang
, they were nevertheless formally just one of several ministers of equal status. During much of the Qing Dynasty
, for example, the traditional role of the Chancellor was performed collectively by the Grand Council
.
In mid 1911, the modern position of Premier was created, when the Qing Imperial Government created the "Imperial Family Cabinet" as a reform of Chinese politics, shortly before it was overthrown. When Yuan Shikai
took over the premiership, the premiers of China played an influential role in Chinese politics.
The list below shows premiers of China during Qing Dynasty
. Multiple terms in office, consecutive or otherwise, are listed. The first column shows the consecutively numbered term of the premier, while the second column shows his or her chronological position amongst individual premiers.
For the modern-day positions referred to as Premiers of China, see:
List of premiers of the Republic of China (Presidents of Executive Yuan) (since 1912) List of premiers of the People's Republic of China (Premiers of State Council) (since 1949)
forced the Qing government to abolish the cabinet, and instead summon Yuan Shikai
to head the government. The imperial government collapsed soon after.
(1912-1914)
According to the Provisional Constitution of Republic of China, which passed in 1912, the leader of the majority party or the majority coalition should be appointed premier by the president.
Secretaries of State of the Republic of China (1914-1916)
Premiers of State Council of the Republic of China (1916-1917)
Prime Minister of Restored Qing Imperial Government (1917)
A coup d'état in order to restore the Qing monarchy occurred on 1 July 1917. The leader of the coup, Zhang Xun
, was immediately rewarded the premiership by Emperor Puyi
. But Chang was defeated by Duan Qirui on 12 July and the Republic of China restored.
Premiers of State Council of the Republic of China (1917-1925)
Note: The Premiership was abolished from 25 November 1924 to 26 December 1925. The head of the cabinet during this period was Duan Qirui, Provisional Chief Executive of the Republic of China.
Premiers of State Council of the Republic of China (1925-1928)
Presidents of Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (1928-1948)
Presidents of Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (1948-present)
When Chiang Kai-shek
established the Nanking Nationalist Government in 1928, he created a presidency for Executive Yuan instead of a premiership, in order to show the difference between his government and the previous one in Beijing
(then renamed Beiping). This government moved to Chongqing
during the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) and during the Chinese Civil War
relocated to Taipei
where it exists today.
on 1 October 1949.
Generations of leadership
:
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
.
The first recorded instance of a monarch of China appointing a chief minister was in around 1130 BC, by King Tang of the Shang Dynasty
Shang Dynasty
The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty was, according to traditional sources, the second Chinese dynasty, after the Xia. They ruled in the northeastern regions of the area known as "China proper" in the Yellow River valley...
. Since then, almost every monarch in China appointed a chief minister to help him or her to run the administration. This role has been known by several different names, most commonly Chancellor
Chancellor of China
The Chancellor , variously translated as Prime Minister, Chancellor of State, Premier or Chief Councillor, was a generic name given to the highest-ranking official in the imperial government in ancient China...
. With the unification of China under the Qin
Qin Dynasty
The Qin Dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, lasting from 221 to 207 BC. The Qin state derived its name from its heartland of Qin, in modern-day Shaanxi. The strength of the Qin state was greatly increased by the legalist reforms of Shang Yang in the 4th century BC, during the Warring...
Emperor in 221 BC, the power in the premiers' hands was reduced because of the Emperors' intentions of setting up an absolute monarchy. In 1380, Emperor Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
ordered the death of his Chancellor, and did not appoint another in his lifetime. From then until 1911, a number of people formally shared the responsibility of chief minister to the Emperor. Even when one of them dominated government, such as in the case of Li Hongzhang
Li Hongzhang
Li Hongzhang or Li Hung-chang , Marquis Suyi of the First Class , GCVO, was a leading statesman of the late Qing Empire...
, they were nevertheless formally just one of several ministers of equal status. During much of the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
, for example, the traditional role of the Chancellor was performed collectively by the Grand Council
Grand Council
The Grand Council or Junjichu was an important policy-making body in the Qing Empire. It was established in 1733 by the Yongzheng Emperor...
.
In mid 1911, the modern position of Premier was created, when the Qing Imperial Government created the "Imperial Family Cabinet" as a reform of Chinese politics, shortly before it was overthrown. When Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai was an important Chinese general and politician famous for his influence during the late Qing Dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor of China, his autocratic rule as the second President of the Republic of China , and his short-lived...
took over the premiership, the premiers of China played an influential role in Chinese politics.
The list below shows premiers of China during Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
. Multiple terms in office, consecutive or otherwise, are listed. The first column shows the consecutively numbered term of the premier, while the second column shows his or her chronological position amongst individual premiers.
For the modern-day positions referred to as Premiers of China, see:
List of premiers of the Republic of China (Presidents of Executive Yuan) (since 1912) List of premiers of the People's Republic of China (Premiers of State Council) (since 1949)
List of Prime Ministers of Qing Imperial Government (1911-1912)
The Qing Imperial Government created the "Imperial Family Cabinet" in May 1911, in order to appease popular anger and calls for reform. But the formation of Cabinet brought even more disaffection. Soon the Wuchang UprisingWuchang Uprising
The Wuchang Uprising began with the dissatisfaction of the handling of a railway crisis. The crisis then escalated to an uprising where the revolutionaries went up against Qing government officials. The uprising was then assisted by the New Army in a coup against their own authorities in the city...
forced the Qing government to abolish the cabinet, and instead summon Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai was an important Chinese general and politician famous for his influence during the late Qing Dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor of China, his autocratic rule as the second President of the Republic of China , and his short-lived...
to head the government. The imperial government collapsed soon after.
| T# | I# | Name | Portrait | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Hanzi | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | Yikuang, Prince Qing Yikuang, Prince Qing Yikuang, the Prince Qing , was a Manchu prince of the late Qing Dynasty, who was the first premier of China... |
慶親王奕劻 / 庆亲王奕劻 |
 |
8 May 1911 | 1 November 1911 | Qing Dynasty Qing Dynasty The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China.... (The Imperial Family) |
| 2 | 2 | Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai was an important Chinese general and politician famous for his influence during the late Qing Dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor of China, his autocratic rule as the second President of the Republic of China , and his short-lived... |
袁世凱 / 袁世凯 |  |
2 November 1911 | 10 March 1912 | Beiyang clique |
List of Premiers of the ROC (since 1912)
Premiers of Cabinet of the Republic of ChinaRepublic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
(1912-1914)
According to the Provisional Constitution of Republic of China, which passed in 1912, the leader of the majority party or the majority coalition should be appointed premier by the president.
| T# | I# | Name | Portrait | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Hanzi | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | Tang Shaoyi Tang Shaoyi Táng Shàoyí , was a Chinese diplomat, politician. He was the father-in-law of Wellington Koo and Lee Seng Gee.-Career:... |
唐紹儀 / 唐绍仪 | 13 March 1912 | 27 June 1912 | Beiyang clique | |
| 2 | 2 | Lou Tseng-tsiang Lou Tseng-Tsiang Lou Tseng-Tsiang was a Chinese diplomat and a Roman Catholic monk. He was twice Premier of the Republic of China and led his country's delegation at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919... |
陸徵祥 / 陸征祥 |  |
29 June 1912 | 22 September 1912 | Beiyang clique |
| 3 | 3 | Zhao Bingjun Zhao Bingjun Zhao Bingjun was the third premier of the Republic of China from 25 September 1912 to 1 May 1913. Zhao was previously a public security official during the Qing dynasty and became minister of the interior during the republic before becoming premier. He was directly implicated in the... |
趙秉鈞 / 赵秉钧 |  |
25 September 1912 | 1 May 1913 | Beiyang clique |
| - | - | Duan Qirui Duan Qirui Duan Qirui was a Chinese warlord and politician, commander in the Beiyang Army, and the Provisional Chief Executive of Republic of China from November 24, 1924 to April 20, 1926. He was arguably the most powerful man in China from 1916 to 1920.- Early life :Born in Hefei as Duan Qirui , his... (acting) |
段祺瑞 |  |
1 May 1913 | 31 July 1913 | Beiyang clique |
| 4 | 4 | Xiong Xiling Xiong Xiling Xiong Xiling , Premier of the Republic of China from July 1913 to February 1914.-Biography:... |
熊希龄 | 31 July 1913 | 12 February 1914 | Beiyang clique | |
| - | - | Sun Baoqi (acting) |
孫寶琦 / 孙宝琦 | 12 February 1914 | 1 May 1914 | Beiyang clique | |
Secretaries of State of the Republic of China (1914-1916)
| T# | I# | Name | Portrait | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Hanzi | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | Xu Shichang | 徐世昌 |  |
1 May 1914 | 22 December 1915 | Beiyang clique |
| - | - | Lou Tseng-tsiang Lou Tseng-Tsiang Lou Tseng-Tsiang was a Chinese diplomat and a Roman Catholic monk. He was twice Premier of the Republic of China and led his country's delegation at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919... (acting) |
陸徵祥 / 陸征祥 | |
22 December 1915 | 22 March 1916 | Hongxian Government |
| 2 | 2 | Xu Shichang (2nd term) |
徐世昌 | |
22 March 1916 | 23 April 1916 | Beiyang clique |
| 3 | 3 | Duan Qirui Duan Qirui Duan Qirui was a Chinese warlord and politician, commander in the Beiyang Army, and the Provisional Chief Executive of Republic of China from November 24, 1924 to April 20, 1926. He was arguably the most powerful man in China from 1916 to 1920.- Early life :Born in Hefei as Duan Qirui , his... |
段祺瑞 | |
23 April 1916 | 29 June 1916 | Beiyang clique |
Premiers of State Council of the Republic of China (1916-1917)
| T# | I# | Name | Portrait | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Hanzi | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | Duan Qirui Duan Qirui Duan Qirui was a Chinese warlord and politician, commander in the Beiyang Army, and the Provisional Chief Executive of Republic of China from November 24, 1924 to April 20, 1926. He was arguably the most powerful man in China from 1916 to 1920.- Early life :Born in Hefei as Duan Qirui , his... |
段祺瑞 | |
29 June 1916 | 23 May 1917 | Progressive Progressive Party (China) - Origins :Chinese constitutionalism was a movement that originated after the First Sino-Japanese War . A young group of intellectuals in China led by Kang Youwei argued that China's defeat was due to its lack of modern institutions and legal framework which the Self-Strengthening Movement had... |
| - | - | Wu Tingfang Wu Tingfang Wu Tingfang was a Chinese diplomat and politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and briefly as Acting Premier during the early years of the Republic of China. He is also known under his Cantonese name Ng Choy -Biography:... (acting) |
伍廷芳 | 23 May 1917 | 28 May 1917 | Progressive Progressive Party (China) - Origins :Chinese constitutionalism was a movement that originated after the First Sino-Japanese War . A young group of intellectuals in China led by Kang Youwei argued that China's defeat was due to its lack of modern institutions and legal framework which the Self-Strengthening Movement had... |
|
| 2 | 2 | Li Jingxi | 李經羲 / 李经羲 | |
28 May 1917 | 1 July 1917 | Progressive Progressive Party (China) - Origins :Chinese constitutionalism was a movement that originated after the First Sino-Japanese War . A young group of intellectuals in China led by Kang Youwei argued that China's defeat was due to its lack of modern institutions and legal framework which the Self-Strengthening Movement had... |
Prime Minister of Restored Qing Imperial Government (1917)
A coup d'état in order to restore the Qing monarchy occurred on 1 July 1917. The leader of the coup, Zhang Xun
Zhang Xun (Republic of China)
Zhang Xun was a Qing-loyalist general who attempted to restore the abdicated emperor Puyi in 1917. He supported Yuan Shikai during his time as president....
, was immediately rewarded the premiership by Emperor Puyi
Puyi
Puyi , of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. From 1 to 12 July 1917 he was briefly restored to the throne as a nominal emperor by the...
. But Chang was defeated by Duan Qirui on 12 July and the Republic of China restored.
| T# | I# | Name | Portrait | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Hanzi | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | Zhang Xun Zhang Xun (Republic of China) Zhang Xun was a Qing-loyalist general who attempted to restore the abdicated emperor Puyi in 1917. He supported Yuan Shikai during his time as president.... |
張勳 / 张勋 | 1 July 1917 | 12 July 1917 | None | |
Premiers of State Council of the Republic of China (1917-1925)
| T# | I# | Name | Portrait | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Hanzi | ||||||
| 4 | - | Duan Qirui Duan Qirui Duan Qirui was a Chinese warlord and politician, commander in the Beiyang Army, and the Provisional Chief Executive of Republic of China from November 24, 1924 to April 20, 1926. He was arguably the most powerful man in China from 1916 to 1920.- Early life :Born in Hefei as Duan Qirui , his... (2nd term) |
段祺瑞 | |
14 July 1917 | 22 November 1917 | Zhili clique |
| - | - | Wang Daxie (acting) |
汪大燮 | |
22 November 1917 | 30 November 1917 | Zhili clique |
| - | - | Wang Shizhen Wang Shizhen Wang Shizhen was a Chinese general and politician of the Republic of China.-Biography:Wang was born in Zhengding, Hebei in 1861. He was the Minister of War in the Republic of China three times, 1915–1916 and twice in 1917. He was the Premier of China from 1917 to 1918.... (acting) |
王士珍 | 30 November 1917 | 20 February 1918 | Zhili clique | |
| - | - | Qian Nengxun (acting) |
錢能訓 / 钱能训 | 20 February 1918 | 23 March 1918 | Zhili clique | |
| 5 | - | Duan Qirui Duan Qirui Duan Qirui was a Chinese warlord and politician, commander in the Beiyang Army, and the Provisional Chief Executive of Republic of China from November 24, 1924 to April 20, 1926. He was arguably the most powerful man in China from 1916 to 1920.- Early life :Born in Hefei as Duan Qirui , his... (3rd term) |
段祺瑞 | |
23 March 1918 | 10 October 1918 | Zhili clique |
| - | - | Qian Nengxun (acting) |
錢能訓 / 钱能训 | 10 October 1918 | 13 June 1919 | Zhili clique | |
| - | - | Gong Xinzhan Gong Xinzhan Gong Xinzhan was a politician in the end of Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. He was a professional of finance in the Beijing Government, and was regarded a member of the Anhui clique. He also worked as the acting Prime Minister temporarily... (acting) |
龔心湛 / 龚心湛 | 13 June 1919 | 24 September 1919 | Anfu Club | |
| - | - | Jin Yunpeng Jin Yunpeng Jin Yunpeng was a Chinese General and politician of the Warlord Era of the Republic of China. He served as both Minister of War and then Premier of China several times.... (acting) |
靳雲鵬 / 靳云鹏 | 24 September 1919 | 5 November 1919 | Anfu Club | |
| 6 | 3 | Jin Yunpeng Jin Yunpeng Jin Yunpeng was a Chinese General and politician of the Warlord Era of the Republic of China. He served as both Minister of War and then Premier of China several times.... |
靳雲鵬 / 靳云鹏 | 5 November 1919 | 14 May 1920 | Anfu Club | |
| 7 | 4 | Sa Zhenbing Sa Zhenbing Sa Zhenbing KCMG was a prominent Chinese admiral. He lived through four governments in China, and had been appointed to various senior naval and political offices.-Early life:... |
薩鎮冰 / 萨镇冰 | 14 May 1920 | 9 August 1920 | Anfu Club | |
| 8 | - | Jin Yunpeng Jin Yunpeng Jin Yunpeng was a Chinese General and politician of the Warlord Era of the Republic of China. He served as both Minister of War and then Premier of China several times.... |
靳雲鵬 / 靳云鹏 | 9 August 1920 | 18 December 1921 | Anfu Club | |
| - | - | Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing (Wade-Giles: Yen Hui-Ching, (also known as W.W. Yen) 顏惠慶 (1877-1950) was a Chinese writer, politician, and diplomat from Shanghai.-Biography:... (acting) |
顏惠慶 / 颜惠庆 | 18 December 1921 | 24 December 1921 | Anfu Club | |
| 9 | 5 | Liang Shiyi Liang Shiyi Liang Shiyi was premier of China's Beiyang government from 1921 to 1922.-Biography:Liang Shiyi was born in Sanshui, Guangdong in 1869. In the Qing dynasty, he was put in charge of railways, the most profitable ministry of the government. This allowed him to create the influential Communications... |
梁士詒 / 梁士诒 | 24 December 1921 | 25 January 1922 | Communications Clique Communications Clique The Communications Clique was a powerful interest group of politicians, bureaucrats, technocrats, businessmen, engineers, and labour unionists in China's Beiyang government . It is also known as the Cantonese Clique because many of its leaders hail from Guangdong... |
|
| - | - | Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing (Wade-Giles: Yen Hui-Ching, (also known as W.W. Yen) 顏惠慶 (1877-1950) was a Chinese writer, politician, and diplomat from Shanghai.-Biography:... (acting) |
顏惠慶 / 颜惠庆 | 25 January 1922 | 8 April 1922 | Anfu Club | |
| - | - | Zhou Ziqi Zhou Ziqi Zhōu Zìqí 周自齊 , was a Chinese politician in the late Qing dynasty and early republican period. He was a member of the Communications Clique.-Biography:... (acting) |
周自齊 / 周自齐 |  |
8 April 1922 | 11 June 1922 | Anfu Club |
| 10 | 6 | Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing (Wade-Giles: Yen Hui-Ching, (also known as W.W. Yen) 顏惠慶 (1877-1950) was a Chinese writer, politician, and diplomat from Shanghai.-Biography:... |
顏惠慶 / 颜惠庆 | 11 June 1922 | 5 August 1922 | Anfu Club | |
| - | - | Wang Chonghui (acting) |
王寵惠 / 王宠惠 | 5 August 1922 | 29 November 1922 | None | |
| - | - | Wang Daxie (acting) |
汪大燮 | |
29 November 1922 | 11 December 1922 | Zhili clique |
| - | - | Wang Zhengting (acting) |
王正廷 | 11 December 1922 | 4 January 1923 | None | |
| 11 | 7 | Zhang Shaozeng Zhang Shaozeng Zhang Shaozeng was a Beiyang Army general in charge of the 20th Division.-Biography:... |
張紹曾 / 张绍曾 |  |
4 January 1923 | 9 September 1923 | Beiyang clique |
| 12 | 8 | Gao Lingwei Gao Lingwei Gāo Língwèi was a Chinese politician during the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China.A Tianjin native, he was appointed to Hubei where he held many offices relating to finance and education including a stint as superintendent of the provincial military academy... |
高凌霨 |  |
9 September 1923 | 12 January 1924 | None |
| 13 | 9 | Sun Baoqi | 孫寶琦 / 孙宝琦 | 12 January 1924 | 2 July 1924 | Beiyang clique | |
| - | - | Koo Vi-kyuin (V.K. Wellington Koo) (acting) |
顧維鈞 / 顾维钧 |  |
2 July 1924 | 14 September 1924 | None |
| 14 | 10 | Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing (Wade-Giles: Yen Hui-Ching, (also known as W.W. Yen) 顏惠慶 (1877-1950) was a Chinese writer, politician, and diplomat from Shanghai.-Biography:... |
顏惠慶 / 颜惠庆 | 14 September 1924 | 31 October 1924 | Anfu Club | |
| - | - | Huang Fu Huang Fu Huáng Fú was a general and politician in early republican China. He was born in Hangzhou.-Biography:Huang studied at Zhejiang Military College and Qiushi Academy , later went to Japan. Huang came in contact with the Revolutionary Alliance while studying in a military academy in the Empire of Japan... |
黃郛 |  |
31 October 1924 | 24 November 1924 | None |
Note: The Premiership was abolished from 25 November 1924 to 26 December 1925. The head of the cabinet during this period was Duan Qirui, Provisional Chief Executive of the Republic of China.
Premiers of State Council of the Republic of China (1925-1928)
| T# | I# | Name | Portrait | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Hanzi | ||||||
| 15 | 11 | Xu Shiying | 許世英 / 许世英 |  |
26 December 1925 | 4 March 1926 | None |
| - | - | Jia Deyao (acting) |
賈德耀 / 贾德耀 | 4 March 1926 | 20 April 1926 | None | |
| - | - | Hu Weide Hu Weide rightHú Wéidé , , was a Chinese politician and diplomat during the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China.-Biography:... (acting) |
胡惟德 |  |
20 April 1926 | 13 May 1926 | None |
| 16 | - | Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing Yan Huiqing (Wade-Giles: Yen Hui-Ching, (also known as W.W. Yen) 顏惠慶 (1877-1950) was a Chinese writer, politician, and diplomat from Shanghai.-Biography:... (2nd term) |
顏惠慶 / 颜惠庆 | 13 May 1926 | 22 June 1926 | None | |
| - | - | Du Xigui Du Xigui Du Xigui was a Chinese admiral during the warlord era.-Biography:Born in Fuzhou, he graduated from Nanjing's naval college in 1902. In 1922, he was made chief of the navy and helped the Zhili clique defeat Zhang Zuolin. In the spring of 1923, Shanghai's fleet rebelled and Du took responsibility... (acting) |
杜錫珪 / 杜锡珪 | 22 June 1926 | 1 October 1926 | None | |
| - | - | Koo Vi-kyuin (V.K. Wellington Koo) (acting) |
顧維鈞 / 顾维钧 | |
1 October 1926 | 18 June 1927 | None |
| Pan Fu (acting) |
潘復 / 潘复 | 18 June 1927 | 2 June 1928 | None | |||
Presidents of Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (1928-1948)
| T# | I# | Name | Portrait | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Hanzi | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | Tan Yankai Tan Yankai Tan Yankai was a Chinese politician from Hunan.-Biography:A member of Liang Qichao's Constitutionalist Party, he campaigned for a parliament and restrained monarchy... |
譚延闓 / 谭延闿 |  |
25 October 1928 | 22 September 1930 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 2 | 2 | Soong Tse-ven (T. V. Soong) T. V. Soong Soong Tse-ven or Soong Tzu-wen , was a prominent businessman and politician in the early 20th century Republic of China. His father was Charlie Soong and his siblings were the Soong sisters. His Christian name was Paul, but he is generally known in English as T. V. Soong. As brother to the three... |
宋子文 | 25 September 1930 | 4 December 1930 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
|
| 3 | 3 | Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He is known as Jiǎng Jièshí or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng in Mandarin.... |
蔣介石 / 蒋介石 |  |
4 December 1930 | 15 December 1931 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 4 | 4 | Chen Mingshu Chen Mingshu Chen Mingshu was a Chinese general and politician. He graduated from Baoding Military Academy and participated in the Northern Expedition. He was briefly premier after Chiang Kai-shek stepped down in December 1931... |
陳銘樞 / 陈铭枢 | 15 December 1931 | 1 January 1932 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
|
| 5 | 5 | Sun Fo | 孫科 / 孙科 | |
1 January 1932 | 28 January 1932 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 6 | 6 | Wang Jingwei Wang Jingwei Wang Jingwei , alternate name Wang Zhaoming, was a Chinese politician. He was initially known as a member of the left wing of the Kuomintang , but later became increasingly anti-Communist after his efforts to collaborate with the CCP ended in political failure... |
汪兆銘 / 汪兆铭 |  |
28 January 1932 | 1 December 1935 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 7 | - | Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He is known as Jiǎng Jièshí or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng in Mandarin.... (2nd term) |
蔣介石 / 蒋介石 |  |
7 December 1935 | 1 January 1938 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 8 | 7 | Kung Hsiang-hsi (H. H. Kung) H. H. Kung K'ung Hsiang-hsi , often known as Dr. H. H. Kung, was a wealthy Chinese banker and politician in the early 20th century. He was highly influential in determining the economic policies of the KMT government in the 1930s and 1940s... |
孔祥熙 |  |
1 January 1938 | 11 December 1939 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 9 | - | Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He is known as Jiǎng Jièshí or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng in Mandarin.... (3rd term) |
蔣介石 / 蒋介石 | |
11 December 1939 | 31 May 1945 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 10 | - | Soong Tse-ven (T. V. Soong) T. V. Soong Soong Tse-ven or Soong Tzu-wen , was a prominent businessman and politician in the early 20th century Republic of China. His father was Charlie Soong and his siblings were the Soong sisters. His Christian name was Paul, but he is generally known in English as T. V. Soong. As brother to the three... (2nd term) |
宋子文 | 31 May 1945 | 1 March 1947 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
|
| 11 | - | Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He is known as Jiǎng Jièshí or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng in Mandarin.... (4th term) |
蔣介石 / 蒋介石 | |
1 March 1947 | 18 April 1947 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 12 | 8 | Chang Chun | 張群 / 张群 | 18 April 1947 | 24 May 1948 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
|
Presidents of Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (1948-present)
When Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He is known as Jiǎng Jièshí or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng in Mandarin....
established the Nanking Nationalist Government in 1928, he created a presidency for Executive Yuan instead of a premiership, in order to show the difference between his government and the previous one in Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
(then renamed Beiping). This government moved to Chongqing
Chongqing
Chongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five national central cities of China. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four direct-controlled municipalities , and the only such municipality in inland China.The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the...
during the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) and during the Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
relocated to Taipei
Taipei
Taipei City is the capital of the Republic of China and the central city of the largest metropolitan area of Taiwan. Situated at the northern tip of the island, Taipei is located on the Tamsui River, and is about 25 km southwest of Keelung, its port on the Pacific Ocean...
where it exists today.
| T# | I# | Name | Portrait | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Hanzi | ||||||
| 13 | 9 | Weng Wenhao Weng Wenhao Weng Wenhao was a Chinese geologist, educator, and paramount politician.... |
翁文灝 / 翁文灏 | 24 May 1948 | 26 November 1948 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
|
| 14 | - | Sun Fo (2nd term) |
孫科 / 孙科 | |
26 November 1948 | 12 March 1949 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 15 | 10 | He Yingqin He Yingqin He Yingqin , also spelled Ho Ying-chin, was one of the most senior generals of the Kuomintang during Republican China, and a close ally of Chiang Kai-shek.-Early years:A native of Guizhou, He was healthy and bookish in his childhood... |
何應欽 / 何应钦 | 12 March 1949 | 3 June 1949 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
|
| 16 | 11 | Yan Xishan Yan Xishan Yan Xishan, was a Chinese warlord who served in the government of the Republic of China. Yan effectively controlled the province of Shanxi from the 1911 Xinhai Revolution to the 1949 Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War... |
閻錫山 / 阎锡山 |  |
3 June 1949 | 7 March 1950 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 17 | 12 | Chen Cheng Chen Cheng Chen Cheng , was a Chinese political and military leader, and one of the main National Revolutionary Army commanders during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. After moving to Taiwan at the end of the Civil War, he served as the Governor of Taiwan Province, Vice President and... |
陳誠 / 陈诚 |  |
7 March 1950 | 7 June 1954 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 18 | 13 | Yu Hung-Chun Yu Hung-Chun Yu Hung-Chun was a Chinese political figure who served as premier of the Republic of China on Taiwan between 1954 and 1958.... |
俞鴻鈞 / 俞鸿钧 | 7 June 1954 | 30 June 1958 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
|
| 19 | - | Chen Cheng Chen Cheng Chen Cheng , was a Chinese political and military leader, and one of the main National Revolutionary Army commanders during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. After moving to Taiwan at the end of the Civil War, he served as the Governor of Taiwan Province, Vice President and... (2nd term) |
陳誠 / 陈诚 | |
30 June 1958 | 15 December 1963 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 20 | 14 | Yen Chia-kan Yen Chia-kan Yen Chia-kan , or Yen Chia-jin , better known as C. K. Yen, succeeded Chiang Kai-shek as President of the Republic of China upon Chiang's death on April 5, 1975. He served out the remainder of Chiang's term until May 20, 1978.-Biography:C. K... |
嚴家淦 / 严家淦 | 15 December 1963 | 29 May 1972 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
|
| 21 | 15 | Chiang Ching-kuo Chiang Ching-kuo Chiang Ching-kuo , Kuomintang politician and leader, was the son of President Chiang Kai-shek and held numerous posts in the government of the Republic of China... |
蔣經國 / 蒋经国 | 29 May 1972 | 28 May 1978 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
|
| 22 | 16 | Sun Yun-suan Sun Yun-suan Sun Yun-suan was a Chinese engineer and politician. As minister of economic affairs from 1969 to 1978 and Premier of the Republic of China from 1978 to 1984, he was credited for overseeing the transformation of Taiwan from being a mainly agricultural economy to an export powerhouse.-Early life... |
孫運璿 / 孙运璇 |  |
30 May 1978 | 20 May 1984 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 23 | 17 | Yu Kuo-hwa Yu Kuo-hwa Yu Kuo-hwa was the Premier of the Republic of China from 1984 to 1989.-Biography:He was born on 10 January 1914 in Fenghua, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China... |
俞國華 / 俞国华 |  |
20 May 1984 | 21 May 1989 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 24 | 18 | Lee Huan Lee Huan Lee Huan was a politician in the Republic of China. He was Premier of the Republic of China from 1989 to 1990, serving for one year under former President Lee Teng-hui. He was the father of current KMT legislators Lee Ching-hua and Diane Lee... |
李煥 / 李焕 | |
21 May 1989 | 30 May 1990 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 25 | 19 | Hau Pei-tsun Hau Pei-tsun Hau Pei-tsun was Premier of the Republic of China from May 30, 1990 to February 10, 1993 and a 4-star general in the ROC Army.-Biography:Born to a well-to-do family in Yancheng, Jiangsu, Hau received a military education from the Chinese Military Academy, Chinese Army University, U.S. Army Command... |
郝柏村 | |
30 May 1990 | 10 February 1993 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 26 | 20 | Lien Chan Lien Chan Lien Chan is a politician in Taiwan. He was Premier of the Republic of China from 1993 to 1997, Vice President of the Republic of China from 1996 to 2000, and was the Chairman of the Kuomintang from 2000 to 2005... |
連戰 / 连战 |  |
10 February 1993 | 1 September 1997 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 27 | 21 | Siew Wan-chang (Vincent Siew) Vincent Siew Vincent C. Siew Wan-chang is the incumbent Vice President of the Republic of China. He was the first Taiwanese-born Premier of the Republic of China and former vice-chairman of the Kuomintang .-Biography:... |
蕭萬長 / 萧万长 |  |
1 September 1997 | 20 May 2000 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 28 | 22 | Tang Fei Tang Fei Tang Fei is a retired ROC Air Force General and the Premier of the Republic of China between May 20 and October 6, 2000 under the Chen Shui-bian Government, even though he was a member of the Kuomintang during his tenure as premier.-Biography:... |
唐飛 / 唐飞 | |
20 May 2000 | 6 October 2000 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 29 | 23 | Chang Chun-hsiung Chang Chun-hsiung Chang Chun-hsiung , born March 23, 1938, a politician in Taiwan, is a former Premier of the Republic of China. Chang was appointed to two separate terms as Premier, both under Chen Shui-bian... |
張俊雄 / 张俊雄 |  |
6 October 2000 | 1 February 2002 | Democratic Progressive Democratic Progressive Party The Democratic Progressive Party is a political party in Taiwan, and the dominant party in the Pan-Green Coalition. Founded in 1986, DPP is the first meaningful opposition party in Taiwan. It has traditionally been associated with strong advocacy of human rights and a distinct Taiwanese identity,... |
| 30 | 24 | Yu Shyi-kun Yu Shyi-kun Yu Shyi-kun , a Taiwanese politician of the Democratic Progressive Party, is a former chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan. He previously served as Premier of the Republic of China from 2002 to 2005... |
游錫堃 / 游锡堃 |  |
1 February 2002 | 1 February 2005 | Democratic Progressive Democratic Progressive Party The Democratic Progressive Party is a political party in Taiwan, and the dominant party in the Pan-Green Coalition. Founded in 1986, DPP is the first meaningful opposition party in Taiwan. It has traditionally been associated with strong advocacy of human rights and a distinct Taiwanese identity,... |
| 31 | 25 | Hsieh Chang-ting (Frank Hsieh) Frank Hsieh Frank Hsieh Chang-ting is a Taiwanese politician of the Democratic Progressive Party in the Republic of China. He was the mayor of Kaohsiung City until his appointment as President of the Executive Yuan by president Chen Shui-bian on February 1, 2005. He announced his resignation from the post of... |
謝長廷 / 谢长廷 |  |
1 February 2005 | 25 January 2006 | Democratic Progressive Democratic Progressive Party The Democratic Progressive Party is a political party in Taiwan, and the dominant party in the Pan-Green Coalition. Founded in 1986, DPP is the first meaningful opposition party in Taiwan. It has traditionally been associated with strong advocacy of human rights and a distinct Taiwanese identity,... |
| 32 | 26 | Su Tseng-chang Su Tseng-chang Su Tseng-chang is a Taiwanese politician of the Democratic Progressive Party. He is the former Premier of the Republic of China. Su actively campaigned for the Presidential nomination of the DPP, but finished second to Frank Hsieh in the nomination process... |
蘇貞昌 / 苏贞昌 |  |
25 January 2006 | 21 May 2007 | Democratic Progressive Democratic Progressive Party The Democratic Progressive Party is a political party in Taiwan, and the dominant party in the Pan-Green Coalition. Founded in 1986, DPP is the first meaningful opposition party in Taiwan. It has traditionally been associated with strong advocacy of human rights and a distinct Taiwanese identity,... |
| 33 | - | Chang Chun-hsiung Chang Chun-hsiung Chang Chun-hsiung , born March 23, 1938, a politician in Taiwan, is a former Premier of the Republic of China. Chang was appointed to two separate terms as Premier, both under Chen Shui-bian... (2nd term) |
張俊雄 / 张俊雄 | |
21 May 2007 | 20 May 2008 | Democratic Progressive Democratic Progressive Party The Democratic Progressive Party is a political party in Taiwan, and the dominant party in the Pan-Green Coalition. Founded in 1986, DPP is the first meaningful opposition party in Taiwan. It has traditionally been associated with strong advocacy of human rights and a distinct Taiwanese identity,... |
| 34 | 27 | Liu Chao-shiuan Liu Chao-shiuan Liu Chao-shiuan is a Taiwanese educator and politician. He is a former president of the National Tsing Hua University and Soochow University and a former Premier of the Republic of China.-Biography:... |
劉兆玄 / 刘兆玄 |  |
20 May 2008 | 10 September 2009 | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
| 35 | 28 | Wu Den-yih Wu Den-yih Wu Den-yih is a Taiwanese politician of the Kuomintang Party, and the current Premier of the Republic of China.-Personal:Wu was born in Tsaotun, Nantou County, Taiwan... |
吳敦義 / 吴敦义 | 10 September 2009 | Present | Kuomintang Kuomintang The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused... (Chinese Nationalist Party) |
|
List of Premiers of the PRC (since 1949)
The Premiership of PRC was created since the establishment of the People's Republic of ChinaPeople's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
on 1 October 1949.
Generations of leadership
Generations of Chinese leadership
Because both the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army promote according to seniority, it is possible to discern distinct generations of Chinese leadership...
:
| № | Portrait | Premiers | Term | Term of office | Days | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Zhou Enlai Zhou Enlai Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976... 周恩来（周恩來） (1898-1976) Beijing Beijing Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's... At-large |
CP Constitutional history of the People's Republic of China The Constitutional history of the People's Republic of China describes the evolution of its Constitutional system. The first Constitution of the People's Republic of China was promulgated in 1954. After two intervening versions enacted in 1975 and 1978, the current Constitution was promulgated in... |
1 October 1949 (acting) |
15 September 1954 |
|
| 1 1st National People's Congress The 1st National People's Congress was in session from 1954 to 1959. It held four plenary sessions in this period. There were 1226 deputies to the Congress.... |
15 September 1954 |
18 April 1959 |
||||
| 2 2nd National People's Congress The 2nd National People's Congress was in session from 1959 to 1964. It held four plenary sessions in this period.The first plenary session was held in April 1959... |
18 April 1959 |
21 December 1964 |
||||
| 3 3rd National People's Congress The 3rd National People's Congress was in session from 1964 to 1975. It held only one plenary session in the ten years.The plenary session was held from December 21, 1964 to January 4, 1965... |
21 December 1964 |
4 January 1975 |
||||
| 4 4th National People's Congress The 4th National People's Congress was in session from 1975 to 1978. It held only one plenary sessions in January 1975. There were 2864 deputies to this Congress.The Congress passed the 1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China.... |
4 January 1975 |
8 January 1976† |
||||
| Geneva Conference Geneva Conference (1954) The Geneva Conference was a conference which took place in Geneva, Switzerland, whose purpose was to attempt to find a way to unify Korea and discuss the possibility of restoring peace in Indochina... in 1954, Asian-African Conference Asian-African Conference The first large-scale Asian–African or Afro–Asian Conference—also known as the Bandung Conference—was a meeting of Asian and African states, most of which were newly independent, which took place on April 18–24, 1955 in Bandung, Indonesia... , 1972 Nixon visit to China 1972 Nixon visit to China U.S. President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to the People's Republic of China was an important step in formally normalizing relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. It marked the first time a U.S. president had visited the PRC, who at that time considered the U.S. one... , Great Leap Forward Great Leap Forward The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China was an economic and social campaign of the Communist Party of China , reflected in planning decisions from 1958 to 1961, which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern... , Cultural Revolution Cultural Revolution The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976... †Died in office (cancer) |
Total |
|||||
| 2 | Hua Guofeng Hua Guofeng Su Zhu, better known by the nom de guerre Hua Guofeng , was Mao Zedong's designated successor as the Paramount Leader of the Communist Party of China and the People's Republic of China. Upon Zhou Enlai's death in 1976, he succeeded Zhou as the second Premier of the People's Republic of China... 华国锋（華國鋒） (1921-2008) Hunan Hunan ' is a province of South-Central China, located to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting... At-large |
4 4th National People's Congress The 4th National People's Congress was in session from 1975 to 1978. It held only one plenary sessions in January 1975. There were 2864 deputies to this Congress.The Congress passed the 1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China.... (cont) |
4 February 1976 (acting) |
7 April 1976 |
||
| 7 April 1976 |
5 March 1978 |
|||||
| 5 5th National People's Congress The 5th National People's Congress was in session from 1978 to 1983. It held five plenary sessions in this period.The Congress passed the 1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the current Constitution of the People's Republic of China in 1982.-Elected state leaders:*Chairman of... |
5 March 1978 |
10 September 1980* |
||||
| Two Whatevers Two Whatevers The Two Whatevers refers to the statement that "We will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave" .... , Tiananmen Incident Tiananmen Incident The Tiananmen Incident took place on April 5, 1976 at Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The incident occurred on the traditional day of mourning, the Qingming Festival, after the Nanjing Incident, and was triggered by the death of Premier Zhou Enlai earlier that year... , Downfall of the Gang of Four Gang of Four The Gang of Four was the name given to a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials. They came to prominence during the Cultural Revolution and were subsequently charged with a series of treasonous crimes... , Sino-Vietnamese War Sino-Vietnamese War The Sino–Vietnamese War , also known as the Third Indochina War, known in the PRC as and in Vietnam as Chiến tranh chống bành trướng Trung Hoa , was a brief but bloody border war fought in 1979 between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam... , One Child Policy * Ousted |
Total |
|||||
| 3 |  |
Zhao Ziyang Zhao Ziyang Zhao Ziyang was a high-ranking politician in the People's Republic of China . He was the third Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987, and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1987 to 1989.... 赵紫阳（趙紫陽） (1919-2005) Beijing Beijing Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's... At-large |
5 5th National People's Congress The 5th National People's Congress was in session from 1978 to 1983. It held five plenary sessions in this period.The Congress passed the 1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the current Constitution of the People's Republic of China in 1982.-Elected state leaders:*Chairman of... (cont) |
10 September 1980 (acting) |
6 June 1983 |
|
| 6 6th National People's Congress The 6th National People's Congress was in session from 1983 to 1988. It held five plenary sessions in this period.-Elected state leaders:In the 1st Plenary Session in 1983, the Congress elected the state leaders:... |
6 June 1983 |
24 November 1987§ |
||||
| Chinese economic reform Chinese economic reform The Chinese economic reform refers to the program of economic reforms called "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" in the People's Republic of China that were started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest... , Sino-British Joint Declaration Sino-British Joint Declaration The Sino-British Joint Declaration, formally known as the Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong, was signed by the Prime Ministers, Zhao Ziyang and Margaret... , Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau The Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau, or Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration, was an important treaty between Portugal and the People's Republic of China over the status of Macau. The full name of the treaty is Joint Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the... , Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, also known as the June Fourth Incident in Chinese , were a series of demonstrations in and near Tiananmen Square in Beijing in the People's Republic of China beginning on 15 April 1989... § Resigned |
Total |
|||||
| 4 | Li Peng Li Peng Li Peng served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China, between 1987 and 1998, and the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from 1998 to 2003. For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Communist Party of China ... 李鹏（李鵬） (1928-) Beijing Beijing Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's... At-large |
6 6th National People's Congress The 6th National People's Congress was in session from 1983 to 1988. It held five plenary sessions in this period.-Elected state leaders:In the 1st Plenary Session in 1983, the Congress elected the state leaders:... (cont) |
24 November 1987 (acting) |
25 March 1988 |
||
| 7 7th National People's Congress The 7th National People's Congress was in session from 1988 to 1993. It held five plenary sessions in this period.-Elected state leaders:In the 1st Plenary Session in 1988, the Congress elected the state leaders:... |
25 March 1988 |
15 March 1993 |
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| 8 8th National People's Congress The 8th National People's Congress was in session from 1993 to 1998. It held five plenary sessions in this period.-Elected state leaders:In the 1st Plenary Session in 1993, the Congress elected the state leaders:... |
15 March 1993 |
17 March 1998 |
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| Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, also known as the June Fourth Incident in Chinese , were a series of demonstrations in and near Tiananmen Square in Beijing in the People's Republic of China beginning on 15 April 1989... , Three Gorges Dam Three Gorges Dam The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric dam that spans the Yangtze River by the town of Sandouping, located in the Yiling District of Yichang, in Hubei province, China... , Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong |
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| 5 | Zhu Rongji Zhu Rongji Zhū Róngjī is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991, before serving as Vice-Premier and then the fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003.A tough administrator, his time in office saw the... 朱镕基（朱鎔基） (1928-) Hunan Hunan ' is a province of South-Central China, located to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting... At-large |
9 9th National People's Congress The 9th National People's Congress was in session from 1998 to 2003. It held five plenary sessions in this period. There were 2,979 deputies to this Congress.-Elected state leaders:*President of the People's Republic of China: Jiang Zemin... |
17 March 1998 |
16 March 2003 |
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| Transfer of sovereignty over Macau, accession to the WTO | Total |
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| 6 | Wen Jiabao Wen Jiabao Wen Jiabao is the sixth and current Premier and Party secretary of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, serving as China's head of government and leading its cabinet. In his capacity as Premier, Wen is regarded as the leading figure behind China's economic policy... 温家宝（溫家寶） (1942-) Gansu Gansu ' is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east... At-large |
10 10th National People's Congress The 10th National People's Congress was in session from 2003 to 2008. It held five plenary sessions in this period. There are 2,985 deputies to this Congress.-The 1st Plenary Session:The First Plenary Session was held in 2003... |
16 March 2003 |
16 March 2008 |
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| 11 11th National People's Congress The 11th National People's Congress is in session from 2008 to 2013. It is scheduled to hold five plenary sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year. There are 2,985 deputies to this Congress.-The 1st Plenary Session:... |
16 March 2008 |
Incumbent (term expires 2013) |
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| SARs Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is a respiratory disease in humans which is caused by the SARS coronavirus . Between November 2002 and July 2003 an outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong nearly became a pandemic, with 8,422 cases and 916 deaths worldwide according to the WHO... outbreak, Anti-Secession Law, H5N1 avian flu outbreak, 2008 Sichuan earthquake 2008 Sichuan earthquake The 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan Earthquake was a deadly earthquake that measured at 8.0 Msand 7.9 Mw occurred at 14:28:01 CST... |
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