List of provinces of Balhae
Encyclopedia
The Balhae
kingdom controlled most of the historical region of Manchuria
within the Amur River until the sea. Similar to the workings of the Chinese Tang Dynasty
, the administration system of the Balhae kingdom was composed of :
had occupied the Bisa Fortress at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. The History of Liao
records that the Balhae established provinces at the Sin Fortress, Gaemo Fortress, Baegam Fortress, Yodong Fortress and Ansi Fortress area in Liaodong, as well as a substantial portion of the Liaoxi area. The Balhae sovereign’s message to Yamato
Kingdom in 796 states that it has recovered the entire old Goguryeo
territory and its ruler’s authority now shines beyond the Liao River
. The Balhae came to occupy almost the whole of Manchuria, including the Songhua and Ussuri basins as well as the whole adjoining coastal zone along the Sea of Japan
(East Sea).
Balhae
Balhae was a Manchurian kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. After Goguryeo's capital and southern territories fell to Unified Silla, Dae Jo-yeong, a Mohe general, whose father was Dae Jung-sang, established Jin , later called Balhae.Balhae occupied southern parts of Manchuria and...
kingdom controlled most of the historical region of Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
within the Amur River until the sea. Similar to the workings of the Chinese Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
, the administration system of the Balhae kingdom was composed of :
- - 5 capitals : a Supreme capital with four secondary capitals
- - 15 provinces
- - and 62 prefectures
| Former State | Province Province A province is a territorial unit, almost always an administrative division, within a country or state.-Etymology:The English word "province" is attested since about 1330 and derives from the 13th-century Old French "province," which itself comes from the Latin word "provincia," which referred to... |
Capitals/Ancient name | Prefectures level 속주(屬州) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanja Hanja Hanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation... Chinese Alphabet (traditional) |
Hangul Hangul Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean... Korean Alphabet |
Korean Romanization Revised Romanization of Korean The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea proclaimed by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, replacing the older McCune–Reischauer system... |
Approximal extent in terms of modern locations | Hanja Hanja Hanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation... Chinese Alphabet (traditional) |
Hangul Hangul Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean... Korean Alphabet |
Korean Romanization Revised Romanization of Korean The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea proclaimed by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, replacing the older McCune–Reischauer system... |
Modern location | ||
| Sushen Sushen Sushen was an ancient ethnic group or people who dwelt in the northeastern part of China and the Russian Maritime Province, in the area of modern Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. They were active during the Zhou Dynasty period... 숙신 肅愼 |
龍泉府 | 용천부 | Yongcheon Longquan |
x | 上京 | 상경 | Sanggyeong Shangjing |
Ning'an Ning'an Ning’an is a city located approximately 20 km southwest of Mudanjiang, in Heilongjiang province of China. It is located on the Mudanjiang River , which flows north, eventually falling into the Sungari River near Sanxing.Administratively, Ning'an is now a county-level city, and a constituent... (寧安市) (Manchu Manchu The Manchu people or Man are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the 17th century, with the help of the Ming dynasty rebels , they came to power in China and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which... : Ninguta 寧古塔) |
용주(龍州) 호주(湖州)=宁安县西南 발주(渤州)=牡丹江市城区南 |
| Sushen Sushen Sushen was an ancient ethnic group or people who dwelt in the northeastern part of China and the Russian Maritime Province, in the area of modern Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. They were active during the Zhou Dynasty period... 숙신 肅愼 |
顯德府 | 현덕부 | Hyundeok Xiande |
x | 中京/顯州 | 중경/현주 | Junggyeong/Hyeonju Zhongjing/Xianzhou |
Helong Helong Helong is a city of southeastern Jilin province, Northeast China. It is under the administration of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture.-Administrative Divisions:Helong has 3 subdistricts and 8 towns.Subdistricts:... /Dunhua Dunhua Dunhua is a city in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in southeastern Jilin province, Northeast China. It has more than 480,000 inhabitants and was the capital of Balhae between 742–756, known at the time as "Junggyeong"... (和龍市/敦化市) |
노주(盧州)=安图县 현주(顯州) 철주(鐵州) 탕주(湯州)=灵峰县 영주(榮州) 흥주(興州)=Baihe Baihe -Mainland China:*Baihe County , of Ankang, Shaanxi*Baihe, Tang County , town in Tang County, Hebei*Baihe, Mengjin County , town in Mengjin County, Henan... |
| Yemaek Yemaek Yemaek were an ethnic group who dwelt in Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula. They had ancestral ties to various Korean kingdoms including Gojoseon, Gori , Buyeo, Goguryeo, Baekje, Okjeo, Dongye, Yangmaek and Sosumaek , and is believed to be one of the ancient tribes that were formed into the... 예맥 濊貊 |
龍原府 | 용원부 | Yongwon Longyuan |
x | 東京 | 동경 | Donggyeong Dongjing |
Hunchun Hunchun Hunchun is a county-level city in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, far eastern Jilin province, Northeast China. It borders North Korea and Russia , has over 250,000 inhabitants, and streching on a 5,145 square-kilometer... |
경주(慶州) 염주(鹽州)=Zarubino Zarubino Zarubino may refer to:*Zarubino, Primorsky Krai, an urban-type settlement in Primorsky Krai, Russia*Zarubino, Novgorod Oblast, a former urban-type settlement in Novgorod Oblast, Russia; since 2004—a village... 목주(穆州) 하주(賀州) |
| Okjeo Okjeo Okjeo was Korean tribal state which arose in the northern Korean peninsula from perhaps 2nd century BCE to 5th century CE.Dong-okjeo occupied roughly the area of the Hamgyŏng provinces of North Korea, and Buk-okjeo occupied the Duman River region.Dong-okjeo was often simply called Okjeo, while... 옥저 沃沮 |
南海府 | 남해부 | Namhae Nanhai |
x | 南京 | 남경 | Namgyeong Nanjing |
Hamheung |
옥주(沃州) 정주(睛州) 초주(椒州) |
| Goguryeo Goguryeo Goguryeo or Koguryŏ was an ancient Korean kingdom located in present day northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Russian Maritime province.... 고구려 高句麗 |
鴨綠府 | 압록부 | Amnok Yalü |
x | 西京/神州 | 서경/신주 | Seogyeong/Sinju Xijing/Shenzhou |
Linjiang Linjiang, Jilin Linjiang is a county-level city in southern Jilin province of Northeast China, located to the east of Tonghua, and not far from the border with North Korea. It is a county-level city under the administration of Baishan.-Geography:... |
신주(神州) 환주(桓州)=Jian Ji'an, Jilin Ji'an is a county-level city in southwestern Jilin province, Northeast China. It belongs to the prefecture-level city of Tonghua. Ji'an has an area of and a population of approximately 230,000. The city was established as a city in 1988.... 풍주(豊州)=Hyesan Hyesan Hyesan is a city in the northern part of the northern Ryanggang province of North Korea. It is a hub of river transportation as well as a product distribution centre. It is also the administrative centre of Ryanggang Province... 정주(正州)=Tonghua Tonghua -Economy:Traditionally, Tonghua occupied a railhub position in a region of China noted for trade in only three agricultural commodities. These were ginseng, marten furs and deer antler products. In the 1980s Tonghua had some success with a wine distillery producing sweet, sticky red wines that... |
| Goguryeo Goguryeo Goguryeo or Koguryŏ was an ancient Korean kingdom located in present day northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Russian Maritime province.... 고구려 高句麗 |
長嶺府 | 장령부 | Jangnyeong Changling |
x | 瑕州 | 하주 | Haju Xiazhou |
Jingyu (靖宇县) |
하주(瑕州) 하주(河州) |
| Buyeo Buyeo Buyeo can mean:*Buyeo kingdom, a kingdom located in today's North Korea and southern Manchuria from around the 2nd century BC to 494 AD*Buyeo County, a county in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea, and one-time capital of the ancient kingdom of Baekje... 부여 夫餘 |
夫餘府 | 부여부 | Buyeo Fuyu |
x | 扶州 | 부주 | Buju Fuzhou |
Kaiyuan Kaiyuan, Liaoning Kaiyuan is a county-level city in the northeast of Liaoning Province in Northeast China. It is under the administration of Tieling City, which lies to the southwest.... |
부주(扶州)· 선주(仙州)= Caoshi Caoshi Caoshi is a township-level division situated in Bozhou, Anhui, China.... |
| Buyeo Buyeo Buyeo can mean:*Buyeo kingdom, a kingdom located in today's North Korea and southern Manchuria from around the 2nd century BC to 494 AD*Buyeo County, a county in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea, and one-time capital of the ancient kingdom of Baekje... 부여 夫餘 |
鄚頡府 | 막힐부 | Makhil Moxie |
x | 鄚州 | 막주 | Makju Mozhou |
Acheng Acheng Acheng District is an administrative county-level district of Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. The city, located at at an elevation of 140 m with a population of 234,057 Acheng District is an administrative county-level district of Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. The city,... (阿城) |
막주(鄚州) 고주(高州;鳥河郷)=Niǎohé |
| 읍루 揖婁/우루부말갈 虞婁部靺鞨 |
定理府 | 정리부 | Jeongni Dingli |
x | 定州 | 정주 | Jeongju/Dingzhou | Partizansk Partizansk Partizansk is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on a spur of the Sikhote-Alin mountains, about east of Vladivostok. Population: The town was formerly known as Suchan and Gamarnik.-Geography:... |
정주(定州) 반주(潘州) |
| 읍루 揖婁/우루부말갈 虞婁部靺鞨 |
安邊府 | 안변부 | Anbyeon Anbian |
x | 安州 | 안주 | Anju Anzhou |
Olga | 안주(安州) 경주(瓊州) |
| 솔빈 率賓 |
率賓府 | 솔빈부 | Solbin Shuaibin |
x | 華州 | 화주 | Hwaju Huazhou |
Ussuriysk Ussuriysk Ussuriysk is a city in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located in the fertile valley of the Razdolnaya River, north of Vladivostok and about from both the Chinese border and the Pacific Ocean. Population: -Medieval history:... /Shuaibin |
화주(華州) 익주(益州) 건주(建州)=Tongning |
| 불열 拂涅 |
東平府 | 동평부 | Dongpyeong Dongping |
x | 伊州 | 이주 | Iju Yizhou |
Dangbi (密山市/当壁鎮) |
이주(伊州) 몽주(蒙州) 타주(沱州)=Troitskoye 흑주(黑州) 비주(比州) |
| 철리 鐵利 |
鐵利府 | 철리부 | Cheolli Tieli |
x | 德理鎮 | 덕리진 | Deongnijin/Delizhen | Yilan Yilan City Yilan City historically spelled Ilan or I-lan, is the capital of Yilan County, Taiwan. It is on the north side of Lanyang River. The first Han Chinese settled there in 1802.... (依蘭郷) |
광주(廣州) 분주(汾州) 포주(蒲州) 해주(海州) 귀주(歸州) |
| 월희 越喜 |
懷遠府 | 회원부 | Hoewon Huaiyuan |
x | 達州 | 달주 | Dalju | Tongjiang Tongjiang Tongjiang is a city of 160,000 in eastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, located at the confluence and on the right banks of the Songhua and Amur Rivers, the latter which marks the border with Russia... (同江市) |
달주(達州) 월주(越州) 회주(懷州) 기주(紀州) 부주(富州) 미주(美州) 복주(福州) 사주(邪州) 지주(芝州) |
| 월희 越喜 |
安遠府 | 안원부 | Anyuan Anwon |
x | 寧州 | 영주 | Yeongju Ningzhou |
Dalnerechensk Dalnerechensk Dalnerechensk is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia. Population: It was originally known as Iman , but its Russian name was changed to Dalnerechensk in 1972, as part of a general campaign of asserting Soviet sovereignty in the region... |
영주(寧州) 미주(郿州)=Spassk-Dalny Spassk-Dalny Spassk-Dalny , sometimes called Spassk, is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated on the Prikhankayskaya Flatland on the coast of Khanka Lake. Population:... 모주(慕州) 상주(常州) |
Former Balhae provinces
Manzhou Yuanliu Gao provides records which show that the BalhaeBalhae
Balhae was a Manchurian kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. After Goguryeo's capital and southern territories fell to Unified Silla, Dae Jo-yeong, a Mohe general, whose father was Dae Jung-sang, established Jin , later called Balhae.Balhae occupied southern parts of Manchuria and...
had occupied the Bisa Fortress at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. The History of Liao
Liao Dynasty
The Liao Dynasty , also known as the Khitan Empire was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper between 9071125...
records that the Balhae established provinces at the Sin Fortress, Gaemo Fortress, Baegam Fortress, Yodong Fortress and Ansi Fortress area in Liaodong, as well as a substantial portion of the Liaoxi area. The Balhae sovereign’s message to Yamato
Yamato Province
was a province of Japan, located in Kinai, corresponding to present-day Nara Prefecture in Honshū. It was also called . At first, the name was written with one different character , and for about ten years after 737, this was revised to use more desirable characters . The final revision was made in...
Kingdom in 796 states that it has recovered the entire old Goguryeo
Goguryeo
Goguryeo or Koguryŏ was an ancient Korean kingdom located in present day northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Russian Maritime province....
territory and its ruler’s authority now shines beyond the Liao River
Liao River
The Liao River is the principal river in northeast China . The province of Liaoning and the Liaodong Peninsula derive their names from the river....
. The Balhae came to occupy almost the whole of Manchuria, including the Songhua and Ussuri basins as well as the whole adjoining coastal zone along the Sea of Japan
Sea of Japan
The Sea of Japan is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, between the Asian mainland, the Japanese archipelago and Sakhalin. It is bordered by Japan, North Korea, Russia and South Korea. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it has almost no tides due to its nearly complete enclosure from the Pacific...
(East Sea).
- 약홀주(若忽州) present-day Dandong
- 목저주(木底州) ( 요동성 태자하 (太子河)근방)/법고현 섭무대(法庫縣葉武臺)
- 현도주 (玄兎州) (현재 만주의 무순 근방)
Trivia
- Balhae Provinces coming from Andong protectorate :
- - Namhae province is corresponding to former Qusu (Hangul: 거소주 Hanja/Hanzi :去素州), Qudan (Hangul: 거단주 Hanja/Hanzi :去旦州), 식리주(識利州)
- - Wolhui province is corresponding to former Yuexi (Hangul: 월희주 Hanja/Hanzi :越喜州)
- - Dongpyeong is corresponding to former Funie 불열주(拂涅州)
- - Jangnyung is corresponding to former 제북주(諸北州)
- - Yalu is corresponding to former 안시주(安市州) and 창암주(倉巖州)
- - Hoewon is corresponding to former 연진주(延津州)
- - Hyeondeok is corresponding to former 여산주(黎山州)
