List of retired Pacific hurricane names

This is a list of all Pacific hurricane
Pacific hurricane
A Pacific hurricane or tropical storm is a tropical cyclone that develops in the northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean. For organizational purposes, the northern Pacific Ocean is divided into three regions: the eastern, , central , and western...

s that have had their names retired. Hurricane

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a large low-pressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain. Tropical cyclones strengthen when water evaporated from the ocean is released as the saturated air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor...

names are retired by the World Meteorological Organization

World Meteorological Organization

The World Meteorological Organization is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 189 Member States and Territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization , which was founded in 1873...

(WMO) in a meeting in the Spring of each year. Those hurricanes that have their names retired tend to be exceptionally destructive storms that often become household names in the regions they affected. Storm names are retired following a request made at the WMO meeting by one or more of the countries affected by a hurricane. Eight tropical cyclone names have been retired since the start of tropical cyclone naming in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...

, including four storms named by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center

Central Pacific Hurricane Center

The Central Pacific Hurricane Center of the United States National Weather Service is the official body responsible for tracking and issuing tropical cyclone warnings, watches, advisories, discussions, and statements for the Central North Pacific Basin...

. In addition, several names were removed from the naming list for various reasons other than retirement.

Background

Since 1960, 13 storms have had their names removed from the list of Pacific hurricane names, including two from the Central Pacific

Central Pacific Hurricane Center

. Of these, two names, Adolph

Hurricane Adolph (2001)

Hurricane Adolph of the 2001 Pacific hurricane season was the first and only East Pacific hurricane in May to reach Category 4 strength on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale since record keeping began in the East Pacific...

and Israel, were removed for political considerations due to connections to Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...

and the country Israel

Israel

The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

, respectively. Two names prior to the start of modern naming in 1978 were removed from the lists for unknown reasons: Hazel was removed following its usage in 1965 and Adele was removed following its usage in 1970. The former made landfall on northwestern Mexico

Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...

as a minimal tropical storm with no known effects, while Adele remained at sea for its duration. However, Hurricane Hazel

Hurricane Hazel

Hurricane Hazel was the deadliest and costliest hurricane of the 1954 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm killed as many as 1,000 people in Haiti before striking the United States near the border between North and South Carolina, as a Category 4 hurricane...

was previously retired in the Atlantic basin

Atlantic Basin

The Atlantic Basin is the Atlantic Ocean.Atlantic Basin may also refer to:* Atlantic Basin Iron Works, an ironworks that operated in Brooklyn, New York, in the early to mid-20th century...

. Since the standardization of Pacific hurricane naming in 1978, several names have been retired due to pronunciation ambiguity, a socially unacceptable meaning in another language, or because they represented a significant human disaster. The names of Knut in 1987 and Iva in 1988 were removed from naming lists without either having affected any landmass, and were replaced with Kenneth and Ileana, respectively. Hurricanes Fico

Hurricane Fico

Hurricane Fico was the longest-lived hurricane of the 1978 Pacific hurricane season and at the time was the longest-lasting Pacific hurricane on record, the record being held today by Hurricane John of 1994. The sixth tropical storm, fourth hurricane, and third major hurricane, Fico developed from...

and Fefa

Hurricane Fefa

Hurricane Fefa was a major Pacific hurricane of the 1991 Pacific hurricane season that despite causing minimal effects its name was removed from the list of tropical cyclone names. The sixth tropical storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the season, the storm developed from a...

were removed from lists, as well. It is unknown whether the names were removed due to issues regarding the pronunciation or meaning of their names or due to their respective damages on Hawaii

Hawaii

Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

.

Multiple names were altered slightly by changing the spelling of a tropical cyclone name. Kirsten in 1966 became Kristen in 1970

1970 Pacific hurricane season

The 1970 Pacific hurricane season began on May 15, 1970 in the east Pacific, and on June 1, 1970 in the central Pacific. It ended on November 30, 1970. These dates conventionally delimit the period of time when tropical cyclones form in the eastern Pacific Ocean.This season had an above average...

, though was reverted back to Kirsten in 1974

1974 Pacific hurricane season

The 1974 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1974 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1974 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1974. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeast Pacific Ocean.With...

. The name Dalilia, which was used in 1983

1983 Pacific hurricane season

The 1983 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1983 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1983 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1983. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.This...

and 1989

1989 Pacific hurricane season

-Tropical Storm Adolph:The first storm of the season developed out of a weak area of low pressure situated about 570 mi south-southwest of Acapulco, Mexico. Tracking towards the west, the circluation briefly dissipated on May 30, before redeveloping the following day into Tropical...

, was changed, perhaps inadvertently, to Dalila in 1995

1995 Pacific hurricane season

The 1995 Pacific hurricane season was the least active Pacific hurricane season since 1979. Of the eleven tropical cyclones that formed during the season, four affected land, with the most notable storm of the season being Hurricane Ismael, which killed at least 116 people in Mexico...

, a change which remains intact on the naming list. The name Dolores, which was used in 1979

1979 Pacific hurricane season

The 1979 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1979 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1979 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1979. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeast Pacific Ocean.With ten...

and 1985

1985 Pacific hurricane season

The 1985 Pacific hurricane season was an event in tropical cyclone meteorology. It officially started on May 15, 1985 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1985 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1985...

, was changed to Delores for the 1991

1991 Pacific hurricane season

The 1991 Pacific hurricane season was an event in tropical cyclone meteorology. The worst storm this year was Tropical Depression Five-E, which killed one person in Mexico. Elsewhere, Tropical Storm Ignacio injured forty people in Mexico, and Hurricane Fefa caused flooding in Hawaii...

and 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

The 1997 Pacific hurricane season was a very active hurricane season. With hundreds of deaths and billions of dollars in damage, this season was the costliest and one of the deadliest Pacific hurricane seasons. This was due to a strong El Niño...

seasons. In 2003

1970 Pacific hurricane season

it was reverted back to Dolores, a change which remains on the list of Pacific tropical cyclone names.

Prior to 1957, two storms in the Central Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean

received Hawaiian

Hawaiian language

The Hawaiian language is a Polynesian language that takes its name from Hawaii, the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed. Hawaiian, along with English, is an official language of the state of Hawaii...

names and were never re-used. From 1957 until the late 1970s, names in the basin received names from the list of typhoon names for its year, though none were retired. Since the modern system of Central Pacific tropical cyclone naming began in the early 1980s, two names were retired for their effects on Hawaii

Hawaii

. Iwa

Hurricane Iwa

Hurricane Iwa, taken from the Hawaiian language name for the frigatebird , was at the time the costliest hurricane to affect the state of Hawaii. Iwa was the twenty-third tropical storm and the twelfth and final hurricane of the 1982 Pacific hurricane season. It developed from an active trough of...

was replaced with Io following its usage in 1982, and Iniki

Hurricane Iniki

Hurricane Iniki was the most powerful hurricane to strike the U.S. state of Hawaii in recorded history. Forming on September 5 during the strong El Niño of 1991–1994, Iniki was one of eleven Central Pacific tropical cyclones during the 1992 season. It attained tropical storm status on...

was replaced with Iolana following its usage in 1992. In 2006, the Central Pacific Hurricane Center changed or removed sixteen names in the basin, including several that were never used. Of the sixteen, two names were retired; Typhoon Paka

Typhoon Paka

Typhoon Paka was the last tropical cyclone in the 1997 Pacific Ocean hurricane and typhoon season, and was among the strongest Pacific typhoons in the month of December. Paka, which is the Hawaiian name for Pat, developed on November 28 from a trough well to the southwest of Hawaii...

was replaced with Pama following its usage in 1997, and Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific...

was replaced with Iopa following its usage in 2006. Typhoon Paka was named in the central Pacific Ocean, though attained peak strength and caused greatest impact in the western Pacific Ocean.

Listed by intensity

This lists all retired hurricanes by their peak intensity, which is determined by measurements of the minimum central pressure

Pressure

Pressure is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure.- Definition :...

.

While the intensity of tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclone

s is measured solely by central pressure, wind speeds are also estimated; the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale , or the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale , classifies hurricanes — Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms — into five categories distinguished by the intensities of their sustained winds...

is used in the Pacific basin to rank hurricanes according to their strongest 1-minute sustained winds. While most hurricanes do not make landfall at their peak intensity, they are often referred to by their strongest Saffir-Simpson Category rather than by their landfall Category.

Of the storms in the Pacific whose names have been retired, one peaked as a tropical storm, two peaked as Category 1 hurricanes, two peaked as Category 4 hurricanes, and three peaked as a Category 5 hurricane. Many storms of high intensities have not had their names retired because most Pacific hurricanes do not make landfall.

Name	Season	Max. 1-min. average sustained wind			Min. central pressure
Name	Season	Knots	Km/h	Mph	Mbar (hPa Pascal (unit) The pascal is the SI derived unit of pressure, internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus and tensile strength, named after the French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer, and philosopher Blaise Pascal. It is a measure of force per unit area, defined as one newton per square metre... )
Alma Tropical Storm Alma Tropical Storm Alma of the 2008 Pacific hurricane season was the easternmost forming Pacific tropical cyclone on record and the first tropical storm on record to strike the Pacific coast of Nicaragua. In the spring of 2009, the WMO retired the name Alma and replaced it with Amanda for use in the...	2008 2008 Pacific hurricane season The 2008 Pacific hurricane season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. It officially started May 15, 2008 in the eastern Pacific, started on June 1, 2008 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 2008....	55	100	65	994
Ismael Hurricane Ismael Hurricane Ismael was a weak, but deadly Pacific hurricane that killed over one hundred people in northern Mexico in September of the 1995 Pacific hurricane season. It developed from a persistent area of deep convection on September 12, and steadily strengthened as it moved to the north-northwest...	1995 1995 Pacific hurricane season The 1995 Pacific hurricane season was the least active Pacific hurricane season since 1979. Of the eleven tropical cyclones that formed during the season, four affected land, with the most notable storm of the season being Hurricane Ismael, which killed at least 116 people in Mexico...	70	130	80	983
Iwa Hurricane Iwa Hurricane Iwa, taken from the Hawaiian language name for the frigatebird , was at the time the costliest hurricane to affect the state of Hawaii. Iwa was the twenty-third tropical storm and the twelfth and final hurricane of the 1982 Pacific hurricane season. It developed from an active trough of...	1982 1982 Pacific hurricane season The 1982 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1982 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1982 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1982. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.The...	80	145	90	968
Pauline Hurricane Pauline Hurricane Pauline was one of the strongest and deadliest Pacific hurricanes to make landfall on Mexico. The sixteenth tropical storm, eighth hurricane, and seventh major hurricane of the 1997 Pacific hurricane season, Pauline developed out of a tropical wave on October 5 about 250 miles ...	1997 1997 Pacific hurricane season The 1997 Pacific hurricane season was a very active hurricane season. With hundreds of deaths and billions of dollars in damage, this season was the costliest and one of the deadliest Pacific hurricane seasons. This was due to a strong El Niño...	115	215	135	948
Iniki Hurricane Iniki Hurricane Iniki was the most powerful hurricane to strike the U.S. state of Hawaii in recorded history. Forming on September 5 during the strong El Niño of 1991–1994, Iniki was one of eleven Central Pacific tropical cyclones during the 1992 season. It attained tropical storm status on...	1992 1992 Pacific hurricane season The 1992 Pacific hurricane season was the most active Pacific hurricane season on record. The most notable storm was Hurricane Iniki, which caused billions of dollars of damage to the Hawaiian Islands. Hurricanes Lester, Virgil, Winifred, and Orlene also made landfall and killed several people, but...	120	225	140	938
Ioke Hurricane Ioke Hurricane Ioke was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific...	2006 2006 Pacific hurricane season The 2006 Pacific hurricane season was the most active Pacific hurricane season since 2000 producing 19 tropical storms or hurricanes. Eighteen developed within the National Hurricane Center area of warning responsibility, which is east of 140ºW, and one storm formed between 140ºW and the...	140	260	160	915
Kenna Hurricane Kenna Hurricane Kenna was the second-most intense Pacific hurricane to strike the west coast of Mexico in recorded history. Kenna was the sixteenth tropical depression, thirteenth tropical storm, seventh hurricane, sixth major hurricane, and third Category 5 hurricane of the 2002 Pacific hurricane season...	2002 2002 Pacific hurricane season The 2002 Pacific hurricane season was an event in tropical cyclone meteorology. The most notable storm that year was Hurricane Kenna, which reached Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It made landfall near Puerto Vallarta, in the Mexican state of Jalisco, on October 25...	145	265	165	913
Paka Typhoon Paka Typhoon Paka was the last tropical cyclone in the 1997 Pacific Ocean hurricane and typhoon season, and was among the strongest Pacific typhoons in the month of December. Paka, which is the Hawaiian name for Pat, developed on November 28 from a trough well to the southwest of Hawaii...	1997 1997 Pacific hurricane season The 1997 Pacific hurricane season was a very active hurricane season. With hundreds of deaths and billions of dollars in damage, this season was the costliest and one of the deadliest Pacific hurricane seasons. This was due to a strong El Niño...	160	295	185	901

Listed by total damages

This lists all retired Pacific hurricanes by their total damages (in USD

United States dollar

The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....

). Hurricane names are generally retired for one of two reasons, either because they were particularly damaging or particularly deadly. Some data may be incomplete and account for damages in only one location while the storm affected several. Calculation of modern-day damage amounts is done using the Consumer Price Index

Consumer price index

A consumer price index measures changes in the price level of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The CPI, in the United States is defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of...

.

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"
! Name || Season || Damages (at the time) || Damages ( USD

United States dollar

The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....

)
|-
| bgcolor=#| Pauline

Hurricane Pauline

Hurricane Pauline was one of the strongest and deadliest Pacific hurricanes to make landfall on Mexico. The sixteenth tropical storm, eighth hurricane, and seventh major hurricane of the 1997 Pacific hurricane season, Pauline developed out of a tropical wave on October 5 about 250 miles ...

|| 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

|| $ || $ ||

Tropical cyclone

names are retired by the World Meteorological Organization

World Meteorological Organization

Pacific Ocean

, including four storms named by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center

Central Pacific Hurricane Center

. In addition, several names were removed from the naming list for various reasons other than retirement.

Background

Since 1960, 13 storms have had their names removed from the list of Pacific hurricane names, including two from the Central Pacific

Central Pacific Hurricane Center

. Of these, two names, Adolph

Hurricane Adolph (2001)

and Israel, were removed for political considerations due to connections to Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler

and the country Israel

Israel

The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

Mexico

as a minimal tropical storm with no known effects, while Adele remained at sea for its duration. However, Hurricane Hazel

Hurricane Hazel

was previously retired in the Atlantic basin

Atlantic Basin

The Atlantic Basin is the Atlantic Ocean.Atlantic Basin may also refer to:* Atlantic Basin Iron Works, an ironworks that operated in Brooklyn, New York, in the early to mid-20th century...

Hurricane Fico

and Fefa

Hurricane Fefa

were removed from lists, as well. It is unknown whether the names were removed due to issues regarding the pronunciation or meaning of their names or due to their respective damages on Hawaii

Hawaii

.

Multiple names were altered slightly by changing the spelling of a tropical cyclone name. Kirsten in 1966 became Kristen in 1970

1970 Pacific hurricane season

, though was reverted back to Kirsten in 1974

1974 Pacific hurricane season

. The name Dalilia, which was used in 1983

1983 Pacific hurricane season

and 1989

1989 Pacific hurricane season

, was changed, perhaps inadvertently, to Dalila in 1995

1995 Pacific hurricane season

, a change which remains intact on the naming list. The name Dolores, which was used in 1979

1979 Pacific hurricane season

and 1985

1985 Pacific hurricane season

, was changed to Delores for the 1991

1991 Pacific hurricane season

and 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

seasons. In 2003

1970 Pacific hurricane season

it was reverted back to Dolores, a change which remains on the list of Pacific tropical cyclone names.

Prior to 1957, two storms in the Central Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean

received Hawaiian

Hawaiian language

Hawaii

. Iwa

Hurricane Iwa

was replaced with Io following its usage in 1982, and Iniki

Hurricane Iniki

Typhoon Paka

was replaced with Pama following its usage in 1997, and Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific...

was replaced with Iopa following its usage in 2006. Typhoon Paka was named in the central Pacific Ocean, though attained peak strength and caused greatest impact in the western Pacific Ocean.

Listed by intensity

This lists all retired hurricanes by their peak intensity, which is determined by measurements of the minimum central pressure

Pressure

.

While the intensity of tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclone

s is measured solely by central pressure, wind speeds are also estimated; the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

Pascal (unit)

The pascal is the SI derived unit of pressure, internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus and tensile strength, named after the French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer, and philosopher Blaise Pascal. It is a measure of force per unit area, defined as one newton per square metre...

)
|-
| bgcolor=#| Alma

Tropical Storm Alma

Tropical Storm Alma of the 2008 Pacific hurricane season was the easternmost forming Pacific tropical cyclone on record and the first tropical storm on record to strike the Pacific coast of Nicaragua. In the spring of 2009, the WMO retired the name Alma and replaced it with Amanda for use in the...

|| 2008

2008 Pacific hurricane season

The 2008 Pacific hurricane season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. It officially started May 15, 2008 in the eastern Pacific, started on June 1, 2008 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 2008....

|| 55 || 100 || 65 || 994
|-
| bgcolor=#| Ismael

Hurricane Ismael

Hurricane Ismael was a weak, but deadly Pacific hurricane that killed over one hundred people in northern Mexico in September of the 1995 Pacific hurricane season. It developed from a persistent area of deep convection on September 12, and steadily strengthened as it moved to the north-northwest...

|| 1995

1995 Pacific hurricane season

|| 70 || 130 || 80 || 983
|-
| bgcolor=#| Iwa

Hurricane Iwa

|| 1982

1982 Pacific hurricane season

The 1982 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1982 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1982 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1982. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.The...

|| 80 || 145 || 90 || 968
|-
| bgcolor=#| Pauline

Hurricane Pauline

|| 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

|| 115 || 215 || 135 || 948
|-
| bgcolor=#| Iniki

Hurricane Iniki

|| 1992

1992 Pacific hurricane season

The 1992 Pacific hurricane season was the most active Pacific hurricane season on record. The most notable storm was Hurricane Iniki, which caused billions of dollars of damage to the Hawaiian Islands. Hurricanes Lester, Virgil, Winifred, and Orlene also made landfall and killed several people, but...

|| 120 || 225 || 140 || 938
|-
| bgcolor=#| Ioke

Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific...

|| 2006

2006 Pacific hurricane season

The 2006 Pacific hurricane season was the most active Pacific hurricane season since 2000 producing 19 tropical storms or hurricanes. Eighteen developed within the National Hurricane Center area of warning responsibility, which is east of 140ºW, and one storm formed between 140ºW and the...

|| 140 || 260 || 160 || 915
|-
| bgcolor=#| Kenna

Hurricane Kenna

Hurricane Kenna was the second-most intense Pacific hurricane to strike the west coast of Mexico in recorded history. Kenna was the sixteenth tropical depression, thirteenth tropical storm, seventh hurricane, sixth major hurricane, and third Category 5 hurricane of the 2002 Pacific hurricane season...

|| 2002

2002 Pacific hurricane season

The 2002 Pacific hurricane season was an event in tropical cyclone meteorology. The most notable storm that year was Hurricane Kenna, which reached Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It made landfall near Puerto Vallarta, in the Mexican state of Jalisco, on October 25...

|| 145 || 265 || 165 || 913
|-
| bgcolor=#| Paka

Typhoon Paka

|| 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

|| 160 || 295 || 185 || 901
|}

Listed by total damages

This lists all retired Pacific hurricanes by their total damages (in USD

United States dollar

The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....

Consumer price index

.

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"
! Name || Season || Damages (at the time) || Damages ( USD

United States dollar

The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....

)
|-
| bgcolor=#| Pauline

Hurricane Pauline

|| 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

|| $ || $ ||

Tropical cyclone

names are retired by the World Meteorological Organization

World Meteorological Organization

Pacific Ocean

, including four storms named by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center

Central Pacific Hurricane Center

. In addition, several names were removed from the naming list for various reasons other than retirement.

Background

Since 1960, 13 storms have had their names removed from the list of Pacific hurricane names, including two from the Central Pacific

Central Pacific Hurricane Center

. Of these, two names, Adolph

Hurricane Adolph (2001)

and Israel, were removed for political considerations due to connections to Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler

and the country Israel

Israel

The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

Mexico

as a minimal tropical storm with no known effects, while Adele remained at sea for its duration. However, Hurricane Hazel

Hurricane Hazel

was previously retired in the Atlantic basin

Atlantic Basin

The Atlantic Basin is the Atlantic Ocean.Atlantic Basin may also refer to:* Atlantic Basin Iron Works, an ironworks that operated in Brooklyn, New York, in the early to mid-20th century...

Hurricane Fico

and Fefa

Hurricane Fefa

were removed from lists, as well. It is unknown whether the names were removed due to issues regarding the pronunciation or meaning of their names or due to their respective damages on Hawaii

Hawaii

.

Multiple names were altered slightly by changing the spelling of a tropical cyclone name. Kirsten in 1966 became Kristen in 1970

1970 Pacific hurricane season

, though was reverted back to Kirsten in 1974

1974 Pacific hurricane season

. The name Dalilia, which was used in 1983

1983 Pacific hurricane season

and 1989

1989 Pacific hurricane season

, was changed, perhaps inadvertently, to Dalila in 1995

1995 Pacific hurricane season

, a change which remains intact on the naming list. The name Dolores, which was used in 1979

1979 Pacific hurricane season

and 1985

1985 Pacific hurricane season

, was changed to Delores for the 1991

1991 Pacific hurricane season

and 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

seasons. In 2003

1970 Pacific hurricane season

it was reverted back to Dolores, a change which remains on the list of Pacific tropical cyclone names.

Prior to 1957, two storms in the Central Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean

received Hawaiian

Hawaiian language

Hawaii

. Iwa

Hurricane Iwa

was replaced with Io following its usage in 1982, and Iniki

Hurricane Iniki

Typhoon Paka

was replaced with Pama following its usage in 1997, and Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific...

was replaced with Iopa following its usage in 2006. Typhoon Paka was named in the central Pacific Ocean, though attained peak strength and caused greatest impact in the western Pacific Ocean.

Listed by intensity

This lists all retired hurricanes by their peak intensity, which is determined by measurements of the minimum central pressure

Pressure

.

While the intensity of tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclone

s is measured solely by central pressure, wind speeds are also estimated; the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

Pascal (unit)

)
|-
| bgcolor=#| Alma

Tropical Storm Alma

|| 2008

2008 Pacific hurricane season

|| 55 || 100 || 65 || 994
|-
| bgcolor=#| Ismael

Hurricane Ismael

|| 1995

1995 Pacific hurricane season

|| 70 || 130 || 80 || 983
|-
| bgcolor=#| Iwa

Hurricane Iwa

|| 1982

1982 Pacific hurricane season

|| 80 || 145 || 90 || 968
|-
| bgcolor=#| Pauline

Hurricane Pauline

|| 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

|| 115 || 215 || 135 || 948
|-
| bgcolor=#| Iniki

Hurricane Iniki

|| 1992

1992 Pacific hurricane season

|| 120 || 225 || 140 || 938
|-
| bgcolor=#| Ioke

Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific...

|| 2006

2006 Pacific hurricane season

|| 140 || 260 || 160 || 915
|-
| bgcolor=#| Kenna

Hurricane Kenna

|| 2002

2002 Pacific hurricane season

|| 145 || 265 || 165 || 913
|-
| bgcolor=#| Paka

Typhoon Paka

|| 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

|| 160 || 295 || 185 || 901
|}

Listed by total damages

This lists all retired Pacific hurricanes by their total damages (in USD

United States dollar

The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....

Consumer price index

.

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"
! Name || Season || Damages (at the time) || Damages ( USD

United States dollar

The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....

)
|-
| bgcolor=#| Pauline

Hurricane Pauline

|| 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

|| $ || $ ||
|-
| bgcolor=#| Iniki

Hurricane Iniki

|| 1992

1992 Pacific hurricane season

|| $ || $||
|-
| bgcolor=#| Paka

Typhoon Paka

|| 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

|| $ || $||
|-
| bgcolor=#| Iwa

Hurricane Iwa

|| 1982

1982 Pacific hurricane season

|| $ || $ ||
|-
| bgcolor=#|Kenna

Hurricane Kenna

|| 2002

2002 Pacific hurricane season

|| $ || $ ||
|-
| bgcolor=#| Ioke

Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific...

|| 2006

2006 Pacific hurricane season

|| $ || $ ||
|-
| bgcolor=#| Alma

Tropical Storm Alma

|| 2008

2008 Pacific hurricane season

|| $ || $ ||
|-
| bgcolor=#| Ismael

Hurricane Ismael

|| 1995

1995 Pacific hurricane season

|| $ || $ ||
|}

Listed by death toll

This lists retired Pacific hurricanes by the number of deaths they caused. Hurricane names are generally retired for one of two reasons, either because they were particularly damaging or particularly deadly. While many damaging storms caused little loss of life, most deadly storms also caused heavy damage. Most storms cause fatalities not by their high winds but rather through flooding - either storm surge

Storm surge

A storm surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system, typically tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones. Storm surges are caused primarily by high winds pushing on the ocean's surface. The wind causes the water to pile up higher than the ordinary sea...

or inland flooding due to rainfall. Storm surge has the highest potential for deaths; with modern forecasting, warning, and evacuation storm surge deaths can be almost eliminated, but the potential is still very high for catastrophe in places where warning systems are not in place or if warnings are ignored. Inland flooding, by contrast, is unpredictable because it depends heavily on a hurricane's interaction with the terrain and with other nearby weather systems.

There have been several deadlier hurricanes than the following that were not retired. Hurricane Tara

Hurricane Tara (1961)

Hurricane Tara, also known as Cyclone Tara, was one of the deadliest Pacific hurricanes on record. The final tropical cyclone of the 1961 Pacific hurricane season, Tara formed on November 10 about 230 mi off the coast of Mexico...

killed at least 500 people in southern Mexico

Mexico

in 1961,, Hurricane Liza

Hurricane Liza (1976)

Hurricane Liza was one of the deadliest East Pacific tropical cyclones on record. The seventeenth tropical cyclone, thirteenth named storm, and the eight hurricane of the 1976 Pacific hurricane season, Liza developed from an area of disturbed weather to the southwest of Mexico on September 25...

caused at least 425 deaths along the Baja California Peninsula

Baja California Peninsula

The Baja California peninsula , is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. Its land mass separates the Pacific Ocean from the Gulf of California. The Peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur in the south.The total area of the Baja California...

in 1976

1976 Pacific hurricane season

The 1976 Pacific hurricane season was a very deadly and costly one. Hurricanes Kathleen, Liza, and Madeline were the most notable storms this year. Hurricane Kathleen caused death and destruction in California and Arizona due to flooding. Hurricane Liza was the deadliest storm of the season when it...

., and Hurricane Paul killed over 1,000 people in Central America.

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"
! Name || Season || Direct deaths || Primary location
|-
| bgcolor=#| Pauline

Hurricane Pauline

|| 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

|| 230 - 400 || Oaxaca

Oaxaca

Oaxaca , , officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca is one of the 31 states which, along with the Federal District, comprise the 32 federative entities of Mexico. It is divided into 571 municipalities; of which 418 are governed by the system of customs and traditions...

, Guerrero

Guerrero

Guerrero officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Guerrero is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 81 municipalities and its capital city is Chilpancingo....

|-
| bgcolor=#| Ismael

Hurricane Ismael

|| 1995

1995 Pacific hurricane season

|| 116 || Sonora

Sonora

Sonora officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 72 municipalities; the capital city is Hermosillo....

, Sinaloa

Sinaloa

Sinaloa officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sinaloa is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 18 municipalities and its capital city is Culiacán Rosales....

|-
| bgcolor=#| Iniki

Hurricane Iniki

|| 1992

1992 Pacific hurricane season

|| 6 || Hawaii

Hawaii

|-
| bgcolor=#| Kenna

Hurricane Kenna

|| 2002

2002 Pacific hurricane season

|| 4 || Nayarit

Nayarit

Nayarit officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Nayarit is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 20 municipalities and its capital city is Tepic.It is located in Western Mexico...

|-
| bgcolor=#| Alma

Tropical Storm Alma

|| 2008

2008 Pacific hurricane season

|| 4 || Nicaragua

Nicaragua

Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...

|-
| bgcolor=#| Iwa

Hurricane Iwa

|| 1982

1982 Pacific hurricane season

|| 1 || Hawaii

Hawaii

|-
| bgcolor=#| Paka

Typhoon Paka

|| 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

|| 0 || Guam

Guam

Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United...

|-
| bgcolor=#| Ioke

Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific...

|| 2006

2006 Pacific hurricane season

|| 0 || N/A
|}

Landfalls

Landfall

Landfall (meteorology)

Landfall is the event of a tropical cyclone or a waterspout coming onto land after being over water. When a waterspout makes landfall it is reclassified as a tornado, which can then cause damage inland...

of a tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclone

is defined as the moving of the center of the eye over land. Damages from a tropical cyclone are usually greatest where it makes landfall. In the below list, the retired hurricanes are listed in chronological order with their landfall locations listed under columns designating their strength on the Saffir-Simpson Scale at the time of landfall. Within a cell, landfalls are listed in chronological order. Two retired hurricanes, Iwa

Hurricane Iwa

and Ioke

Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific...

, never made landfall anywhere at any intensity; they are omitted from this list. The centre of Paka

Typhoon Paka

passed slightly to the north of Guam

Guam

as a Category 4-equivalent storm, however this is not included as a landfall.

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
! rowspan=2| Name || rowspan=2| Season || colspan=7|Landfall
|-
| bgcolor=# | Category 5
| bgcolor=# | Category 4
| bgcolor=# | Category 3
| bgcolor=# | Category 2
| bgcolor=# | Category 1
| bgcolor=# | Tropical storm
|-
| bgcolor=#| Iniki

Hurricane Iniki

|| 1992

1992 Pacific hurricane season

|| || Hawaii

Hawaii

|| || || ||
|-
| bgcolor=#| Ismael

Hurricane Ismael

|| 1995

1995 Pacific hurricane season

|| || || || || Sinaloa

Sinaloa

, Mexico ||
|-
| bgcolor=#| Pauline

Hurricane Pauline

|| 1997

1997 Pacific hurricane season

|| || || || Oaxaca

Oaxaca

, Mexico || ||
|-
| bgcolor=#| Kenna

Hurricane Kenna

|| 2002

2002 Pacific hurricane season

|| || Nayarit

Nayarit

, Mexico || || || ||
|-
| bgcolor=#| Alma

Tropical Storm Alma

|| 2008

2008 Pacific hurricane season

|| || || || || || León, Nicaragua

León, Nicaragua

León is a department in northwestern Nicaragua . It is also the second largest city in Nicaragua, after Managua. It was founded by the Spaniards as Santiago de los Caballeros de León and rivals Granada, Nicaragua, in the number of historic Spanish colonial homes and churches...

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

Background

Listed by intensity

Listed by total damages

Background

Listed by intensity

Listed by total damages

Background

Listed by intensity

Listed by total damages

Listed by death toll

Landfalls

See also

External links