List of rulers of Pre-Achaemenid kingdoms of Iran
Encyclopedia
ArattaArattaAratta is a land that appears in Sumerian myths surrounding Enmerkar and Lugalbanda, two early and possibly mythical kings of Uruk also mentioned on the Sumerian king list.-Role in Sumerian literature:Aratta is described as follows in Sumerian literature:...
kingdom, c.2700BC
| Name | Date | Family Relations | Note | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aratta Aratta Aratta is a land that appears in Sumerian myths surrounding Enmerkar and Lugalbanda, two early and possibly mythical kings of Uruk also mentioned on the Sumerian king list.-Role in Sumerian literature:Aratta is described as follows in Sumerian literature:... kingdom, c.2700BC |
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| 1 | In-Su-Kush-Siranna | c. 2700 BC | ? | contemporary with Enmerkar Enmerkar Enmerkar, according to the Sumerian king list, was the builder of Uruk in Sumer, and was said to have reigned for "420 years" .... king of Uruk Uruk Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the Euphrates River, some 30 km east of modern As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.Uruk gave its name to the Uruk... |
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Elamite EmpireElamElam was an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran. Elam was centered in the far west and the southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of Khuzestan and Ilam Province, as well as a small part of southern Iraq...
, c. 2700–519 BC
The Elamites were a people located in southwestern Iran, in what is now Khuzestan, IlamIlam Province
Ilam Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south-west of the country, bordering Iraq. Its provincial center is the city of Ilam. Covering an area of 19,086 square kilometers, the cities of the province are Ilam, Mehran, Dehloran, Dareh Shahr, Sarable, Eyvan, Abdanan and Arkwaz...
, Fars, Bushehr
Bushehr Province
Bushehr Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline onto the Persian Gulf. Its center is Bandar-e-Bushehr, the provincial capital. The province has nine counties: Bushehr, Dashtestan, Dashti, Dayyer, Deylam, Jam, Kangan, Ganaveh and Tangestan...
, Lorestan
Lorestan Province
Lorestan Province is a historic territory and province of western Iran, amidst the Zagros Mountains. The population of Lorestan was estimated at 1,716,527 people in 2006.Lorestan covers an area of 28,392 km²...
, Bakhtiari
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It lies in the southwestern part of the country. Its capital is Shahrekord.It has an area of 16,332 square kilometers and a population of 842,000 .- People and culture :...
and Kohgiluyeh provinces. Their language was neither Semitic
Semitic
In linguistics and ethnology, Semitic was first used to refer to a language family of largely Middle Eastern origin, now called the Semitic languages...
nor Indo-European
Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major current languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and South Asia and also historically predominant in Anatolia...
, and they were the geographic precursors of the Persian/Median empire that later appeared.
For a full list of Elamite kings and sub-kings see:
MarhasiMarhasiMarhaši was a 3rd millennium BC polity situated east of Elam, on the Iranian plateau. It is known from Mesopotamian sources, and its precise location has not been identified...
kingdom, c.2550–c.1900 BC
Some scholars suggested that Warakhshe were located in southeastern Iran in modern Baluchistan
- Migirenlil (c.2550 BC)
- Unnamed King (c.2325 BC)
- Abalgamash (c.2316-2312 BC)
- Hubshumkibi (c. 2270 BC cont. with Naram-SinNaram-SinNaram-Sin , reigned ca. 2254–2218 BCE, short chronology, was the third successor and grandson of King Sargon of Akkad. Under Naram-Sin the Akkadian Empire reached its zenith...
king of AkkadAkkadThe Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in Mesopotamia....
) - Unnamed King (c.2080 BC)
- Hashibatal (c. 2070 BC cont. with ShulgiShulgiShulgi of Urim was the second king of the "Sumerian Renaissance". He reigned for 48 years, dated to 2029 BCE–1982 BCE...
king of UrUrUr was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate...
) - Arvilukpi (c. 2050 BC cont. with Amar-SinAmar-SinAmar-Sin was the third ruler of the Ur III Dynasty. He succeeded his father Shulgi .Year-names are known for all 9 years of his reign...
king of UrUrUr was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate...
) - Pariashum (c. 2045 BC cont. with Amar-SinAmar-SinAmar-Sin was the third ruler of the Ur III Dynasty. He succeeded his father Shulgi .Year-names are known for all 9 years of his reign...
king of UrUrUr was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate...
) - Libanugshabash (2044-c.2033 BC)
- Mashhundahli (c. 2020 BC cont. with Ibbi-SinIbbi-SinIbbi-Sin, son of Shu-Sin, was king of Sumer and Akkad and last king of the Ur III dynasty, and reigned circa 1963 BC-1940 BC . During his reign, the Sumerian empire was attacked repeatedly by Amorites...
king of UrUrUr was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate...
)
Namar kingdom, c.24th cent.- c.750 BC
- Tishari (c. 2350 BC)
- Inbir (c. 2290 BC)
- Sadarmat (c. 2270 BC)
- Arisen (c. 2260 BC)
- Unknown Queen (c. 1764 BC)
- Karziyabku (c. 1200 BC)
- Ritti-Marduk (c. 1110 BC)
- Marduk-Mudammiq (until 842/4 BC)
- Ianzu (842/4-834/5 BC)
Zakhara kingdom, c.2350–c.2250 BC
- The unnamed prince of Zakhara (c.2315 BCE)
- Ungapi (c.2315 BCE). Regent of Zakhara
- The unnamed king of Zakhara (after 2254 BCE)
Eshnuna kingdom, c.21th cent.- c.8th cent. BC
- Urguedinna (c.2000 BC) Governor under ShulgiShulgiShulgi of Urim was the second king of the "Sumerian Renaissance". He reigned for 48 years, dated to 2029 BCE–1982 BCE...
of the Ur IIIThird Dynasty of UrThe Third Dynasty of Ur, also known as the Neo-Sumerian Empire or the Ur III Empire refers simultaneously to a 21st to 20th century BC Sumerian ruling dynasty based in the city of Ur and a short-lived territorial-political state that some historians regard as a nascent empire... - Kallamu (cont. of ShulgiShulgiShulgi of Urim was the second king of the "Sumerian Renaissance". He reigned for 48 years, dated to 2029 BCE–1982 BCE...
of the Ur IIIThird Dynasty of UrThe Third Dynasty of Ur, also known as the Neo-Sumerian Empire or the Ur III Empire refers simultaneously to a 21st to 20th century BC Sumerian ruling dynasty based in the city of Ur and a short-lived territorial-political state that some historians regard as a nascent empire...
) - Ituria (cont. of Shu-SinShu-SinShu-sin was king of Sumer and Akkad, and was the penultimate king of the Ur III dynasty. He succeeded his brother Amar-Sin, and reigned circa 1972-1964 BC....
of the Ur IIIThird Dynasty of UrThe Third Dynasty of Ur, also known as the Neo-Sumerian Empire or the Ur III Empire refers simultaneously to a 21st to 20th century BC Sumerian ruling dynasty based in the city of Ur and a short-lived territorial-political state that some historians regard as a nascent empire...
) - Ilushuilia (cont. of Ibbi-SinIbbi-SinIbbi-Sin, son of Shu-Sin, was king of Sumer and Akkad and last king of the Ur III dynasty, and reigned circa 1963 BC-1940 BC . During his reign, the Sumerian empire was attacked repeatedly by Amorites...
of the Ur IIIThird Dynasty of UrThe Third Dynasty of Ur, also known as the Neo-Sumerian Empire or the Ur III Empire refers simultaneously to a 21st to 20th century BC Sumerian ruling dynasty based in the city of Ur and a short-lived territorial-political state that some historians regard as a nascent empire...
) - Nurakhum (cont. of Ibbi-SinIbbi-SinIbbi-Sin, son of Shu-Sin, was king of Sumer and Akkad and last king of the Ur III dynasty, and reigned circa 1963 BC-1940 BC . During his reign, the Sumerian empire was attacked repeatedly by Amorites...
of the Ur IIIThird Dynasty of UrThe Third Dynasty of Ur, also known as the Neo-Sumerian Empire or the Ur III Empire refers simultaneously to a 21st to 20th century BC Sumerian ruling dynasty based in the city of Ur and a short-lived territorial-political state that some historians regard as a nascent empire...
& Ishbi-Erra of IsinIsinIsin was an ancient city-state of lower Mesopotamia about 20 miles south of Nippur at the site of modern Ishan al-Bahriyat in Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate.-History:...
) - Kirikiri
- Bilalama (Cont. of Tan-Ruhuratir I of ElamElamElam was an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran. Elam was centered in the far west and the southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of Khuzestan and Ilam Province, as well as a small part of southern Iraq...
) - Isharramashu
- Usurawasu
- Ur-Ninmar
- Ur-Ningizzida
- Ipiq-Adad I (Cont. of Abdi-Erah of KhafajahKhafajahKhafajah or Khafaje was the ancient town of Tutub in the city-state of Eshnunna...
and Sumu-abumSumu-abumSumu-Adama was the first King of the First Dynasty of Babylon. He reigned from 1830-1817 BC. He is credited with founding the city of Babylon .-References:...
of BabylonBabylonBabylon was an Akkadian city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad...
) - Sarriia
- Warassa
- Belakum
- Ibal-pi-El I
- Ipiq-Adad II (c.1700 BC Reigned at least 36 years)
- Naram-SinNaram-Suen of EshnunnaNaram-Suen was a king who ruled over Eshnunna during the later 19th century BCE, during its brief time of political power. He may or may not be the same person as a contemporaneous King of Assyria named Naram-Suen.-References:...
(Cont. of Shamshi-AdadShamshi-AdadShamshi-Adad may refer to:*Shamshi-Adad I*Shamshi-Adad II*Shamshi-Adad III*Shamshi-Adad IV*Shamshi-Adad V...
) Son of Ipiq-Adad II - Dannum-tahaz (Approximate position)
- Dadusha (Cont. of Shamshi-AdadShamshi-AdadShamshi-Adad may refer to:*Shamshi-Adad I*Shamshi-Adad II*Shamshi-Adad III*Shamshi-Adad IV*Shamshi-Adad V...
) Son of Ipiq-Adad II - Ibal-pi-El II (Cont. of Zimri-Lim of MariMari, SyriaMari was an ancient Sumerian and Amorite city, located 11 kilometers north-west of the modern town of Abu Kamal on the western bank of Euphrates river, some 120 km southeast of Deir ez-Zor, Syria...
) Killed by Siwe-Palar-Hupak of ElamElamElam was an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran. Elam was centered in the far west and the southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of Khuzestan and Ilam Province, as well as a small part of southern Iraq...
who captured Eshnunna - Silli-Sin
Zabshali kingdom, c.2050- c.2000 BC
- Ziringu (until after 2038 BC)
- Indasu (c. 2032 BC)
- Unknown king (c. 2024 BC) (His wife was Tukin-khațța-migrisha daughter of Ibbi-SinIbbi-SinIbbi-Sin, son of Shu-Sin, was king of Sumer and Akkad and last king of the Ur III dynasty, and reigned circa 1963 BC-1940 BC . During his reign, the Sumerian empire was attacked repeatedly by Amorites...
king of Ur)
Kuti kingdom, c.2550–c.2100 BC
| Throne Name | Original Name | Portrait | Title | Born-Died | Entered office | Left office | Family Relations | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuti kingdom, c.2550–c.2100 BC | |||||||||
| 1 | Unnamed king of Kuti | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2550 BC | ? | ? | cont. with Lugal-Anne-Mundu Lugal-Anne-Mundu Lugal-Anne-Mundu was the most important king of the city-state Adab in Sumer. The Sumerian king list claims he reigned for 90 years, following the defeat of Meskiaj-nanna of Ur... king of Adab Adab Adab or Udab was an ancient Sumerian city between Telloh and Nippur. It was located at the site of modern Bismaya or Bismya in the Wasit Governorate of Iraq.-History:... |
||
| 2 | Erridupizir Erridupizir Erridupizir was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2141 BC to 2138 BC . His reign is attested by a royal inscription at Nippur where he calls himself "King of Guti, King of the Four Quarters."-See also:*Chronology of the ancient Near East... |
King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2256 BC | c.2251 BC | ? | |||
| 3 | Imta Imta Imta or Nibia was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2138 BC to 2135 BC .-See also:*Chronology of the ancient Near East*Sumerian king list*Gutian dynasty of Sumer... or Nibia |
King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2250 BC | c.2246 BC | ? | |||
| 4 | Inkishush Inkishush Inkishush or Inkicuc was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2135 BC to 2129 BC. Inkishush is the first Gutian ruler mentioned in the Sumerian King List.-See also:*Chronology of the ancient Near East*Sumerian king list... |
King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2245 BC | c.2240 BC | ? | |||
| 5 | Zarlagab | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2239 BC | c.2234 BC | ? | |||
| 6 | Shulme Shulme Shulme was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2126 BC to 2120 BC.-See also:*Chronology of the ancient Near East*Sumerian king list*Gutian dynasty of Sumer... |
King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2233 BC | c.2228 BC | ? | |||
| 7 | Elulmesh or Silulumesh | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2227 BC | c.2222 BC | ? | |||
| 8 | Duga | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2221 BC | c.2216 BC | ? | |||
| 9 | Iluan | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2215 BC | c.2213 BC | ? | |||
| 10 | Inimabakesh | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2212 BC | c.2208 BC | ? | |||
| 11 | Inkishush Inkishush Inkishush or Inkicuc was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2135 BC to 2129 BC. Inkishush is the first Gutian ruler mentioned in the Sumerian King List.-See also:*Chronology of the ancient Near East*Sumerian king list... |
King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2207 BC | c.2202 BC | ? | |||
| 12 | Yarlagab Yarlagab Yarlagab was a Gutian ruler of Sumer.Yarlagab was preceded by Ilu-An and succeeded by Ibate.... |
King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2201 BC | c.2187 BC | ? | |||
| 13 | Ibate | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2186 BC | c.2184 BC | ? | |||
| 14 | Yarlagab Yarlagab Yarlagab was a Gutian ruler of Sumer.Yarlagab was preceded by Ilu-An and succeeded by Ibate.... or Yarla |
King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2183 BC | c.2181 BC | ? | |||
| 15 | Kurum | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2180 BC | c.2180 BC | ? | |||
| 16 | Apilkin | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2179 BC | c.2177 BC | ? | |||
| 17 | La-erabum | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2176 BC | c.2175 BC | ? | |||
| 18 | Irarum | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2174 BC | c.2173 BC | ? | |||
| 19 | Ibranum | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2172 BC | c.2172 BC | ? | |||
| 20 | Hablum | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2171 BC | c.2170 BC | ? | |||
| 21 | Puzur-Suen | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2169 BC | c.2163 BC | ? | |||
| 22 | Yarlaganda Yarlaganda Yarlaganda , and was a Gutian.He was preceded by Puzur-Suen and succeeded by Si-Um.... |
King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2162 BC | c.2156 BC | ? | |||
| 23 | Si'um or Si'u | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2155 BC | c.2121 BC | ? | |||
| 24 | Tirigan | King of Kutians | ? - ? | c.2120 BC | c.2120 BC | ? | 40 days | ||
LullubiLullubiThe Lullubi or Lulubi were a group of tribes during the 3rd millennium BC, from a region known as Lulubum, now the Sharazor plain of in the Zagros Mountains of modern Iran...
kingdom, c.2400–c.650 BC
- Immashkush (c. 2400 BC)
- Anubanini (c. 2350 BC) he ordered to make an inscription on the rock near Sar-e Pol-e Zahab
- Satuni (c. 2270 BC cont. with Naram-SinNaram-SinNaram-Sin , reigned ca. 2254–2218 BCE, short chronology, was the third successor and grandson of King Sargon of Akkad. Under Naram-Sin the Akkadian Empire reached its zenith...
king of AkkadAkkadThe Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in Mesopotamia....
& Hita king of AwanAwan dynastyThe Awan Dynasty was the first dynasty of Elam of which anything is known today, appearing at the dawn of historical record. The Elamites were likely major rivals of neighboring Sumer from remotest antiquity; they were said to have been defeated by Enmebaragesi of Kish The Awan Dynasty was the...
) - Irib (c. 2037 BC)
- Darianam (c. 2000 BC)
- Ikki (precise dates unknown)
- Tar...duni (precise dates unknown) son of Ikki. his inscription is found near the inscription of Anubanini
- Nur-Adad (c. 881-880 BC)
- Zabini (c. 881 BC)
- Hubaia (c. 830 BC) vassal of Assyrians
- Dada (c. 715 BC)
- Larkutla (c. 675 BC)
Gilzan kingdom, c.900- c.820 BC
- Unknown king (c. 883- c. 880 BC)
- Asau (c. mid 9th cent. BC)
- Upu (c. 827 BC)
UrartuUrartuUrartu , corresponding to Ararat or Kingdom of Van was an Iron Age kingdom centered around Lake Van in the Armenian Highland....
kingdom, c.860–547 BC
- Arame 858-844 BC
- LutipriLutipriLutipri was a 9th century BC king of Urartu. Little is known about him except that Vannic inscriptions claim that he was the father of his successor as king, Sarduri I....
844-834 BC - Sarduri ISarduri ISarduri I , also known as Sarduris, was king of Urartu in Asia Minor. He was the son of Lutipri, the second monarch of Urartu. Sarduri I is most known for moving the capital of the Urartu kingdom to Tushpa . This proved to be significant as Tushpa became the focal point of politics in the Near East...
834-828 BC - Ishpuini 828-810 BC
- Menua 810-785 BC
- Argishti I 785-753 BC
- Sarduri IISarduri IISarduri II was the King of Urartu . The Urartian Kingdom was at its peak during his reign. He succeeded his father Argishti I to the throne....
753-735 BC - Rusa I 735-714 BC
- Argishti II 714-680 BC
- Rusa IIRusa IIRusa II was king of Urartu between around 680 BC and 639 BC. It was during his reign that the massive fortress complex, Karmir-Blur, was constructed....
680-639 BC - Sarduri III 639-635 BC
- Eriména 635-629 BC
- Rusa IIIRusa IIIRusa III was king of Urartu. He was called son of Erimena, probably the brother of Rusa II. Not much is known from his reign; his name was on a huge granary at Armavir and a series of bronze shields from the temple of Khaldi found at Rusahinili, now held in the British Museum...
629-590 or 629-615 BC - Sarduri IVSarduri IVSarduri IV was one of the last kings of Urartu, reigning from 615 to 595 BC.Sarduri IV was the son and successor of Rusa III. Little is known about his reign, except that his kingdom was being invaded by Assyrian forces from the south, east and west, as well as by the Medes from the east and the...
615-595 BC - Rusa IVRusa IVRusa IV was king of Urartu from 590 BC to 585 BC. Rusa IV was the son and a successor of Rusa III, and the successor of Sarduri IV. His name is mentioned on a number of clay tablets found at Karmir Blur , including tablets bearing his own royal inscriptions. However, almost nothing is known about...
595-585 BC
Ida kingdom, c.860- c.710 BC
- Nikdiara (c. 855/6- c. 827 BC)
- Sharsina (c. 821- c. 820 BC)
- Parnua (c. 713 BC)
Allabria, c.850- c.710 BC
- Ianziburiash (c. 842 BC)
- Artasari (c. 829 BC)
- Bēl-apla-iddina (until 716 BC)
- Itti (c. 711 BC)
Gizilbunda kingdom, c.850- c.700 BC
- Pirishati (until 820 BC) (in Urash)
- Titamashka (c. 820 BC) (in Sasiashu)
- Kiara (c. 820 BC) (in Kar-Sibutu)
- Engur (c. 820 BC) (in Sibaru)
- Zizi (c. 714 BC) (in Appatar)
- Zala (c. 714 BC) (in Kit-Patia)
Araziash kingdom, c.850- 716 BC
- Barua (precise dates unknown)
- Munsuarta (c. 820 BC)
- Unknown king (c. 775- c. 772 BC)
- Ramatea (c. 744 BC)
- Satareshu (c. 713 BC)
Andia Kingdom, c.850–c.700 BC
- Unnamed king of Andia (c.827 BC) cont. with Daian-Ashur military leader of Assyrian empire in western Iran
- Telusina (c.719-715 BC) who revolted against king of MannaMannaManna or Manna wa Salwa , sometimes or archaically spelled mana, is the name of an edible substance that God provided for the Israelites during their travels in the desert according to the Bible.It was said to be sweet to the taste, like honey....
& was defeated by Sargon IISargon IISargon II was an Assyrian king. Sargon II became co-regent with Shalmaneser V in 722 BC, and became the sole ruler of the kingdom of Assyria in 722 BC after the death of Shalmaneser V. It is not clear whether he was the son of Tiglath-Pileser III or a usurper unrelated to the royal family...
king of AssyriaAssyriaAssyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur...
ZikartuZikirtiZikirti or Zikirtu, was an ancient land in northern Zagros, which comprised the easternmost part of Greater Mannae. Geographically it corresponds with the modern counties of Takab and Shahindej in northwestern Iran.The people of Zikirti are usually identified with ancient Iranian Sagartians,...
kingdom, c.750- 521 BC
- The unnamed king of Zikartu (c.744 BC)
- Mettati (c.719-714 BC)
- Bagparna (from 714 BC)
- TritantaechmesTritantaechmesTritantaechmes was king of Sagartians who ruled in Arbela .He was killed by Darius of Achaemenids....
(until July 15, 521 BC)
MedianMedianIn probability theory and statistics, a median is described as the numerical value separating the higher half of a sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from lowest value to...
dynasty, 726–521 BC
The Medes were an Iranian people. The Persians, a closely related and subject people, revolted against the Median empireMedes
The MedesThe Medes...
during the 6th century BC.
| Throne Name | Original Name | Portrait | Title | Born-Died | Entered office | Left office | Family Relations | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median Median In probability theory and statistics, a median is described as the numerical value separating the higher half of a sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from lowest value to... dynasty, 726–521 BC |
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| 1 | Deioces Deioces Deioces, Diyako or Deiokes was the first king of the Medes according to Herodotus. In the late 8th century BC there was a Daiukku or Dayukku who was a Mannaean provincial governor... |
Dahiaukka | ? - 674 BC | 726 BC | 674 BC | son of Phraortes | Deposed by Assyrians | ||
| 2 | Xšaθrita I Phraortes Phraortes , son of Diyako, was the second king of the Median Empire.... |
Phraortes (?) | ? - 652 BC | 674 BC | 652 BC | son of Deioces Deioces Deioces, Diyako or Deiokes was the first king of the Medes according to Herodotus. In the late 8th century BC there was a Daiukku or Dayukku who was a Mannaean provincial governor... |
Killed in battle with Assyrians and Scythians. Domination of Scythian kingdom 652–625 BC | ||
| 3 | Cyaxares Cyaxares Cyaxares, Cyaxares the Great or Hvakhshathra , the son of King Phraortes, was the first king of Media. According to Herodotus, Cyaxares, grandson of Deioces, had a far greater military reputation than his father or grandfather, therefore he is often being described as the first official Median... |
Huvaxšaθra | ? - 585 BC | 625 BC | 585 BC | son of Xšaθrita I Phraortes Phraortes , son of Diyako, was the second king of the Median Empire.... |
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| 4 | Astyages Astyages Astyages Astyages Astyages (spelled by Herodotus as Ἀστυάγης - Astyages; by Ctesias as Astyigas; by Diodorus as Aspadas; Akkadian: Ištumegu, was the last king of the Median Empire, r... |
Ishtuvigu | ? - 585 BC | 585 BC | 550 BC | son of Cyaxares Cyaxares Cyaxares, Cyaxares the Great or Hvakhshathra , the son of King Phraortes, was the first king of Media. According to Herodotus, Cyaxares, grandson of Deioces, had a far greater military reputation than his father or grandfather, therefore he is often being described as the first official Median... |
Deposed and later killed | ||
| 5 | Xšaθrita II | Fravartish | ? - May 521 BC | Dec. 522 BC | May 8, 521 BC | descendant of Cyaxares Cyaxares Cyaxares, Cyaxares the Great or Hvakhshathra , the son of King Phraortes, was the first king of Media. According to Herodotus, Cyaxares, grandson of Deioces, had a far greater military reputation than his father or grandfather, therefore he is often being described as the first official Median... |
Killed by Darius I Darius I of Persia Darius I , also known as Darius the Great, was the third king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire... |
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Scythian kingdom, c.700–c.530 BC
- IshpakaIshpakaIshpaka was a Scythian king, who was an ally of Mannae and Urartu.His successor was Partatua....
(until c.673 BC) - PartatuaBartatuaBartatua or Partitava , was a Scythian king, who established friendly relations with Assyria. He married a daughter of Assyrian king Essarhaddon....
(from c. 673 BC) - MadeaMadiusMadius or Madya was a Scythian king. He conquered and ruled the Median Empire from c.625-653 BCE....
(c. 658/9- c.625 BC) son of PartatuaBartatuaBartatua or Partitava , was a Scythian king, who established friendly relations with Assyria. He married a daughter of Assyrian king Essarhaddon.... - .......
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- EruvandOrontes I SakavakyatsOrontes I Sakavakyats or Yervand I Sakavakyats Armenian King of Orontid Dynasty reigning in the period between 570 BC – 560 BC.Orontes was called Sakavakyats or "short living" , but not because of short life, but because of the short period of his reign, and because he passed the throne to his...
(before 550- 547 BC) - TigranTigranes OrontidTigranes I Orontid the Great Armenian King of Orontid Dynasty reigning in the period between 560 BC – 535 BC.According to Moses of Khorene during the reign of Tigran I Yervanduni the territory of Armenia spread for about 400 sq. km....
(from 547 BC) son of EruvandOrontes I SakavakyatsOrontes I Sakavakyats or Yervand I Sakavakyats Armenian King of Orontid Dynasty reigning in the period between 570 BC – 560 BC.Orontes was called Sakavakyats or "short living" , but not because of short life, but because of the short period of his reign, and because he passed the throne to his...
DilmunDilmunDilmun or Telmun is a land mentioned by Mesopotamian civilizations as a trade partner, a source of the metal copper, and an entrepôt of the Mesopotamia-to-Indus Valley Civilization trade route...
kingdom, 27th to 7th century BC
- ZiusudraZiusudraZiusudra of Shuruppak is listed in the WB-62 Sumerian king list recension as the last king of Sumer prior to the deluge. He is subsequently recorded as the hero of the Sumerian flood epic...
(27th cent. BC) - Rimun (c.1550 BC)
- Usiananuri (precise dates unknown)
- Arad-Ea (precise dates unknown)
- Uballissu-Marduk (15th cent. BC)
- Ilī-ippašraIlī-ippašraIlī-ippašra, meaning "My god became reconciled with me", was a Babylonian who may have been adopted or apprenticed during the reign of Kassite king Kurigalzu I, ending ca. 1375 BC, and rose to become an official, possibly the governor of Dilmun, ancient Bahrain, during the later reign of...
(cont. with Burnaburiash II & Kurigalzu IIKurigalzu IIKurigalzu II was the twenty second king of the Kassite dynasty that ruled over Babylon. In more than twelve inscriptions, Kurigalzu names Burna-Buriaš II as his father...
) - Operi (c.710 BC)
- Hundaru I (c.650 BC)
- Qena (c.680-c.670 BC)
- Hundaru II (706-685 BC)
MakkanMaganMajan was an ancient region which was referred to in Sumerian cuneiform texts of around 2300 BC as a source of copper and diorite for Mesopotamia....
kingdom, 23rd century BC
- Mannudannu (cont. with Naram-SinNaram-SinNaram-Sin , reigned ca. 2254–2218 BCE, short chronology, was the third successor and grandson of King Sargon of Akkad. Under Naram-Sin the Akkadian Empire reached its zenith...
king of AkkadAkkadThe Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in Mesopotamia....
)
Bashimi kingdom, c.2100–c.1900 BC
- Ilsurabi (precise dates unknown)
- Ibalum (precise dates unknown)
- Warad-Nannar (cont. with Shu-SinShu-SinShu-sin was king of Sumer and Akkad, and was the penultimate king of the Ur III dynasty. He succeeded his brother Amar-Sin, and reigned circa 1972-1964 BC....
king of UrUrUr was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate...
) - Ir-Nanna (cont. with Ibbi-SinIbbi-SinIbbi-Sin, son of Shu-Sin, was king of Sumer and Akkad and last king of the Ur III dynasty, and reigned circa 1963 BC-1940 BC . During his reign, the Sumerian empire was attacked repeatedly by Amorites...
king of UrUrUr was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate...
) - The unnamed king of Bashimi (c. 1930 BC)
Zabum kingdom, 21st century BC
- Abummisar (precise dates unknown)
- Abuq-iu-bani (precise dates unknown)
- Unnamed king of Zabum (until 2064 BC)
- Shalhuni (from 2064 BC)
- Warad-Nannar (cont. with Shu-SinShu-SinShu-sin was king of Sumer and Akkad, and was the penultimate king of the Ur III dynasty. He succeeded his brother Amar-Sin, and reigned circa 1972-1964 BC....
king of UrUrUr was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate...
& the same king of Bashimi)
Achaemenid Kings of Parsu(m)ash, c.710-c.635 BC
- AchaemenesAchaemenesAchaemenēs was the eponymous ancestor of the Achaemenid Dynasty, who ruled Persia between 705 BC and 675 BC.The name is a bahuvrihi compound literally translating to "having a friend's mind", or "characterized by a follower's spirit"....
, founder of the dynasty. - Teispes (I) son of AchaemenesAchaemenesAchaemenēs was the eponymous ancestor of the Achaemenid Dynasty, who ruled Persia between 705 BC and 675 BC.The name is a bahuvrihi compound literally translating to "having a friend's mind", or "characterized by a follower's spirit"....
c.710- c.685 BC - Cambyses (I) son of Teispes (I) c.685- c.660 BC
- Cyrus (I) son of Cambyses (I) c.660- c.635 BC
Achaemenid Kings of Anshan, c.635-550 BC
- Teispes of AnshanTeispes of AnshanTeispes lived from 675-640 BCE. He was the son of Achaemenes and an ancestor of Cyrus the Great. There is evidence that Cyrus I and Ariaramnes were both his sons. Cyrus I is the grandfather of Cyrus the Great, whereas Ariaramnes is great grandfather of Darius the Great...
, or Teispes (II) son of AchaemenesAchaemenesAchaemenēs was the eponymous ancestor of the Achaemenid Dynasty, who ruled Persia between 705 BC and 675 BC.The name is a bahuvrihi compound literally translating to "having a friend's mind", or "characterized by a follower's spirit"....
or Cyrus (I), king of Persia, king of Anshan, c.635- c.610 BC - Cyrus I of AnshanCyrus I of AnshanCyrus I or Cyrus I of Anshan, was King of Anshan in Persia from c. 600 to 580 BC or, according to others, from c. 652 to 600 BC. He should not be confused with his famous grandson Cyrus the Great, also known as Cyrus II. His name in Modern Persian is کوروش, while in Greek he was called Κῦρος,...
or Cyrus (II), son of Teispes (II)Teispes of AnshanTeispes lived from 675-640 BCE. He was the son of Achaemenes and an ancestor of Cyrus the Great. There is evidence that Cyrus I and Ariaramnes were both his sons. Cyrus I is the grandfather of Cyrus the Great, whereas Ariaramnes is great grandfather of Darius the Great...
, king of Anshan c.610- c.585 BC - Cambyses I of AnshanCambyses I of AnshanCambyses I or Cambyses the Elder was king of Anshan in Iran from c. 580 to 559 BC and the father of Cyrus the Great . He should not be confused with his better-known grandson Cambyses II.Cambyses was an early member of the Achaemenid dynasty...
or Cambyses (II), his son, king of Anshan c.585–559 BC - Cyrus II the Great or Cyrus (III), his son, king of Anshan 559–529. He conquered the Median Empire in 550 and established the Persian EmpireAchaemenid EmpireThe Achaemenid Empire , sometimes known as First Persian Empire and/or Persian Empire, was founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation...
.
- Line of Ariaramnes
- Ariaramnes of PersiaAriaramnes of PersiaAriaramnes was a great uncle of Cyrus the Great and the great-grandfather of Darius I, and perhaps the king of Parsa, the ancient core kingdom of Persia....
, son of Teispes (II)Teispes of AnshanTeispes lived from 675-640 BCE. He was the son of Achaemenes and an ancestor of Cyrus the Great. There is evidence that Cyrus I and Ariaramnes were both his sons. Cyrus I is the grandfather of Cyrus the Great, whereas Ariaramnes is great grandfather of Darius the Great...
, king of Persia. His reign is doubtful. - Arsames of PersiaArsames of PersiaArsames was the son of Ariaramnes and perhaps briefly the king of Persia during the Achaemenid dynasty, but gave up the throne and declared loyalty to Cyrus II of Persia...
, son of Ariaramnes, king of Persia until 550, died after 520. His reign is doubtful. - His son HystaspesHystaspes (father of Darius I)Vishtaspa , known under his Hellenized name Hystaspes , was a Persian satrap of Bactria and Persis, and the father of Darius I of Persia....
was Satrap of ParthiaParthiaParthia is a region of north-eastern Iran, best known for having been the political and cultural base of the Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire....
under Cambyses II, Smerdis and his son DariusDarius I of PersiaDarius I , also known as Darius the Great, was the third king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire...
.