List of state leaders in 1905
Encyclopedia
1904 state leaders - Events of 1905 - 1906 state leaders - State leaders by year
Africa
- Egypt -
- Monarch - Abbas Hilmi PashaAbbas II of EgyptHH Abbas II Hilmi Bey was the last Khedive of Egypt and Sudan .-Early life:...
, Khedive of EgyptKhediveThe term Khedive is a title largely equivalent to the English word viceroy. It was first used, without official recognition, by Muhammad Ali Pasha , the Wāli of Egypt and Sudan, and vassal of the Ottoman Empire...
(1892–1914) - Prime Minister - Mustafa Fahmi Pasha, Prime Minister of EgyptPrime Minister of EgyptThe Prime Minister of Egypt is the head of the Egyptian government. According to the constitution, the prime minister is the leader of the largest political party in the Egyptian Parliament....
(1895–1908) - British Consul-General - Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of CromerEvelyn Baring, 1st Earl of CromerEvelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer, GCB, OM, GCMG, KCSI, CIE, PC, FRS , was a British statesman, diplomat and colonial administrator....
, British Consul-General in Egypt (1883–1907)
- Monarch - Abbas Hilmi Pasha
- Ethiopia - Menelik II, Emperor of EthiopiaEmperor of EthiopiaThe Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...
(1889–1913) - Liberia - Arthur BarclayArthur BarclayArthur Barclay was the 15th President of Liberia, serving from 1904 to 1912.-Early life and education:Barclay was born at Bridgetown, Barbados, on July 31, 1854, the tenth of twelve children of Anthony and Sarah Barclay...
, President of Liberia (1904–1912) - Morocco -
- Monarch - Abd al-Aziz, Sultan of Morocco (1894–1908)
- Grand Vizier - Muhammad al-Mufaddal bin Muhammad al-Garit, Acting Grand Vizier of Morocco (1901–1906)
- Tunis -
- Monarch - Muhammad al-Hadi, Bey of Tunis (1902–1906)
- Grand Vizier - Mohamed Aziz Bouattour, Grand Vizier of Tunis (1883–1907)
- French Resident-General - Étienne Pichon, French Resident-General in Tunis (1901–1907)
- Zanzibar -
- Monarch - Ali ibn Hamoud, Sultan of Zanzibar (1902–1911)
- Grand Vizier - A.S. Rogers, Grand Vizier of Zanzibar (1901–1906)
- British Consul-General - Basil CaveBasil CaveThe British government's approval came the next day and Cave received reinforcements in the form of a small flotilla of Royal Navy vessels led by Rear-Admiral Harry Rawson. Cave entered further negotiations with Khalid but these proved unsuccessful and he was forced to issue an ultimatum to leave...
, British Consul-General in Zanzibar (1904–1908)
Asia
- Afghanistan - Habibullah KhanHabibullah Khan (Afghan king)Habibullah Khan was the Emir of Afghanistan from 1901 until 1919. He was born in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, the eldest son of the Emir Abdur Rahman Khan, whom he succeeded by right of primogeniture in October 1901....
, King of Afghanistan (1901–1919) - China (Qing DynastyQing DynastyThe Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
)- Monarch - Guangxu, Emperor of ChinaEmperor of ChinaThe Emperor of China refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning between the founding of Qin Dynasty of China, united by the King of Qin in 221 BCE, and the fall of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China in 1916. When referred to as the Son of Heaven , a title that predates the Qin unification, the...
(1875–1908) - De facto ruler - Empress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager Cixi1 , of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908....
(1898–1908)
- Monarch - Guangxu, Emperor of China
- Japan -
- Monarch - Mutsuhito, the Meiji Emperor of Japan (1867–1912)
- Prime Minister - Taro Katsura, Prime Minister of JapanPrime Minister of JapanThe is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
(1901–1906)
- Korea (Korean EmpireKorean EmpireThe Greater Korean Empire was an empire of Korea that succeeded the Joseon Dynasty.In October 1897, Emperor Gojong proclaimed the new entity at Gyeongungung Palace and oversaw the partially successful modernization of the military, economy, land system, education system, and various industries...
) - Gojong, Emperor of Korea (1864–1907, King before 1897) - Oman - Faisal Bin Turki, Sultan of OmanSultan of Oman-List of Imams :-Nabhan Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Banu Ghafir Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Al Said Dynasty :-See also:...
(1888–1913) - Qu'aiti - Awadh I bin Omar Al Qu'aiti, Sultan (1902–1909)
Australia and Oceania
- Australia -
- Monarch - Edward VIIEdward VII of the United KingdomEdward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910...
, King of the United Kingdom (1901–1910) - Governor-General - Henry Northcote, 1st Baron NorthcoteHenry Northcote, 1st Baron NorthcoteHenry Stafford Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote GCMG, GCIE, CB, PC , known as Sir Henry Northcote, Bt, between 1887 and 1900, was a Conservative politician and colonial administrator...
, Governor-General of AustraliaGovernor-General of AustraliaThe Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
(1904–1908) - Prime Minister -
- Sir George ReidGeorge Reid (Australian politician)Sir George Houstoun Reid, GCB, GCMG, KC was an Australian politician, Premier of New South Wales and the fourth Prime Minister of Australia....
, Prime Minister of AustraliaPrime Minister of AustraliaThe Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
(1904–1905) - Alfred DeakinAlfred DeakinAlfred Deakin , Australian politician, was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later the second Prime Minister of Australia. In the last quarter of the 19th century, Deakin was a major contributor to the establishment of liberal reforms in the colony of Victoria, including the...
, Prime Minister of AustraliaPrime Minister of AustraliaThe Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
(1905–1908)
- Sir George Reid
- Monarch - Edward VII
- New Zealand
- Monarch - Edward VIIEdward VII of the United KingdomEdward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910...
, King of the United Kingdom (1901–1910) - Governor-General - Lord Plunket, Governor-General of New ZealandGovernor-General of New ZealandThe Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand . The Governor-General acts as the Queen's vice-regal representative in New Zealand and is often viewed as the de facto head of state....
(1904–1910) - Prime Minister - Richard SeddonRichard SeddonRichard John Seddon , sometimes known as King Dick, is to date the longest serving Prime Minister of New Zealand. He is regarded by some, including historian Keith Sinclair, as one of New Zealand's greatest political leaders....
, Prime Minister of New ZealandPrime Minister of New ZealandThe Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...
(1893–1906)
- Monarch - Edward VII
- Tonga
- Monarch - George Tupou IIGeorge Tupou II of TongaSiaosi Tupou II, King of Tonga was the King of Tonga from February 18, 1893 until his death. He was officially crowned at Nukualofa, on 17 March 1893. He was also the 20th Tui Kanokupolu...
, King of Tonga (1893–1918) - Prime Minister -
- Siaosi Tu'ipelehake, Prime Minister of TongaPrime Minister of TongaThis is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
, (1905) - S.T.Mateialona, Prime Minister of TongaPrime Minister of TongaThis is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
, (1905–1912)
- Monarch - George Tupou II
Europe
- Andorra
- Co-Princes -
- French Co-Prince - Émile LoubetÉmile LoubetÉmile François Loubet was a French politician and the 8th President of France.-Early life:He was born the son of a peasant proprietor and mayor of Marsanne . Admitted to the Parisian bar in 1862, he took his doctorate in law the next year...
, President of France (1899–1906) - Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Josep Laguarda i Fenollera, Bishop of Urgell (1902–1906)
- French Co-Prince - Émile Loubet
- First Syndic - Bonaventura Maestre, First Syndic of Andorra (1902–1905)
- Co-Princes -
- Austria-Hungary
- Monarch - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of AustriaEmperor of AustriaThe Emperor of Austria was a hereditary imperial title and position proclaimed in 1804 by the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until the last emperor relinquished power in 1918. The emperors retained the title of...
and King of HungaryKing of HungaryThe King of Hungary was the head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 to 1918.The style of title "Apostolic King" was confirmed by Pope Clement XIII in 1758 and used afterwards by all the Kings of Hungary, so after this date the kings are referred to as "Apostolic King of...
(1848–1916) - Joint Minister of Foreign Affairs - Count Agenor Goluchowski, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1895–1906)
- Prime Minister of Austria - Baron Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn, Minister-President of Austria (1904–1906)
- Prime Minister of Hungary -
- Count Stephen Tisza, Minister-President of Hungary (1903–1905)
- Baron Géza FejérváryGéza Fejérváry----Géza Baron Fejérváry de Komlós-Keresztes was a Hungarian general who served as the prime minister in a government of bureaucrats appointed by King Franz Joseph during the Hungarian Constitutional Crisis of 1903–1907....
, Minister-President of Hungary (1905–1906)
- Monarch - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria
- Belgium
- Monarch - Léopold IILeopold II of BelgiumLeopold II was the second king of the Belgians. Born in Brussels the second son of Leopold I and Louise-Marie of Orléans, he succeeded his father to the throne on 17 December 1865 and remained king until his death.Leopold is chiefly remembered as the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free...
, King of the Belgians (1865–1909) - Cabinet Chief - Count (Paul) de Smet de Naeyer, Cabinet Chief (1899–1907)
- Monarch - Léopold II
- Denmark
- Monarch - Christian IXChristian IX of DenmarkChristian IX was King of Denmark from 16 November 1863 to 29 January 1906.Growing up as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a junior branch of the House of Oldenburg which had ruled Denmark since 1448, Christian was originally not in the immediate line of succession to the Danish...
, King of Denmark (1863–1906) - Prime Minister -
- Johan Hendrik Deuntzer, Prime Minister of DenmarkPrime Minister of DenmarkThe Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
(1901–1905) - Jens Christian Christensen, Prime Minister of DenmarkPrime Minister of DenmarkThe Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
(1905–1908)
- Johan Hendrik Deuntzer, Prime Minister of Denmark
- Monarch - Christian IX
- France -
- President - Émile LoubetÉmile LoubetÉmile François Loubet was a French politician and the 8th President of France.-Early life:He was born the son of a peasant proprietor and mayor of Marsanne . Admitted to the Parisian bar in 1862, he took his doctorate in law the next year...
, President of France (1899–1906) - Prime Minister -
- Émile CombesÉmile CombesÉmile Combes was a French statesman who led the Bloc des gauches's cabinet from June 1902 – January 1905.-Biography:Émile Combes was born in Roquecourbe, Tarn. He studied for the priesthood, but abandoned the idea before ordination. His anti-clericalism would later lead him into becoming a...
, President of the CouncilPrime Minister of FranceThe Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
(1902–1905) - Maurice RouvierMaurice RouvierMaurice Rouvier was a French statesman.He was born in Aix-en-Provence, and spent his early career in business at Marseille. He supported Léon Gambetta's candidature there in 1867, and in 1870 he founded an anti-imperial journal, L'Egalité. Becoming secretary general of the prefecture of...
, President of the CouncilPrime Minister of FranceThe Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
(1905–1906)
- Émile Combes
- President - Émile Loubet
- German Empire -
- Monarch - Wilhelm II, German EmperorKaiserKaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
(1888–1918) - Chancellor - Count Bernhard von BülowBernhard von BülowBernhard Heinrich Karl Martin von Bülow , named in 1905 Prince von Bülow, was a German statesman who served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs for three years and then as Chancellor of the German Empire from 1900 to 1909.Bülow was described as possessing every quality except greatness...
, Chancellor of Germany (1900–1909) - Prussia -
- Monarch - Wilhelm II, King of Prussia (1888–1918)
- Prime Minister - Count Bernhard von BülowBernhard von BülowBernhard Heinrich Karl Martin von Bülow , named in 1905 Prince von Bülow, was a German statesman who served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs for three years and then as Chancellor of the German Empire from 1900 to 1909.Bülow was described as possessing every quality except greatness...
, Minister-President of PrussiaPrime Minister of PrussiaThe office of Minister President or Prime Minister of Prussia existed in one form or another from 1702 until the dissolution of Prussia in 1947. When Prussia was an independent kingdom the Minister President or Prime Minister functioned as the King's Chief Minister and presided over the Prussian...
(1900–1909)
- Bavaria - OttoOtto of BavariaOtto , was King of Bavaria from 1886 to 1913. He was the son of Maximilian II and his wife, Marie of Prussia, and younger brother of Ludwig II...
, King of BavariaKing of BavariaKing of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished...
(1886–1913) - Saxony - Frederick Augustus IIIFrederick Augustus III of SaxonyThis article is about King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony. For the elector Frederick Augustus III, see Frederick Augustus I of Saxony.Frederick Augustus III was the last King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.Born in Dresden, Frederick Augustus was the son of King George of Saxony...
, King of Saxony (1904–1918) - Württemberg - William IIWilliam II of WürttembergWilliam II was the fourth King of Württemberg, from 6 October 1891 until the abolition of the kingdom on 30 November 1918...
, King of Württemberg (1891–1918)
- Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor
- Greece
- Monarch - George IGeorge I of GreeceGeorge I was King of Greece from 1863 to 1913. Originally a Danish prince, George was only 17 years old when he was elected king by the Greek National Assembly, which had deposed the former king Otto. His nomination was both suggested and supported by the Great Powers...
, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913) - Prime Minister -
- Theodoros DeligiannisTheodoros DeligiannisTheodoros Deligiannis, also spelled Delijannis and Deliyannis, , was a Greek statesman.-Life:He was born at Lagkadia, Arcadia. He studied law in Athens, and in 1843 entered the Ministry of the Interior, of which department he became permanent secretary in 1859. In 1862, on the deposition of King...
, Prime Minister of GreecePrime Minister of GreeceThe Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...
(1904–1905) - Dimitrios RallisDimitrios RallisDimitrios Rallis was a Greek politician. Rallis was elected to Parliament in 1872 and always represented the same Athenian constituency. He became Minister in several governments and served as Prime Minister five times...
, Prime Minister of GreecePrime Minister of GreeceThe Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...
(1905) - Georgios TheotokisGeorgios TheotokisGeorgios Theotokis was a Greek politician and four times Prime Minister of Greece. He represented the New Party or Neoteristikon Komma .- Biography :...
, Prime Minister of GreecePrime Minister of GreeceThe Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...
(1905–1909)
- Theodoros Deligiannis
- Monarch - George I
- Italy
- Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele IIIVictor Emmanuel III of ItalyVictor Emmanuel III was a member of the House of Savoy and King of Italy . In addition, he claimed the crowns of Ethiopia and Albania and claimed the titles Emperor of Ethiopia and King of Albania , which were unrecognised by the Great Powers...
, King of ItalyKing of ItalyKing of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers of the Italian peninsula after the fall of the Roman Empire...
(1900–1946) - Prime Minister -
- Giovanni GiolittiGiovanni GiolittiGiovanni Giolitti was an Italian statesman. He was the 19th, 25th, 29th, 32nd and 37th Prime Minister of Italy between 1892 and 1921. A left-wing liberal, Giolitti's periods in office were notable for the passage of a wide range of progressive social reforms which improved the living standards of...
, Prime Minister of ItalyPrime minister of ItalyThe Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
(1903–1905) - Alessandro FortisAlessandro FortisAlessandro Fortis in Forlì, Papal States was an Italian politician who served as the 27th Prime Minister of Italy from 1905 to 1906....
, Prime Minister of ItalyPrime minister of ItalyThe Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
(1905–1906)
- Giovanni Giolitti
- Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele III
- Luxembourg
- Monarch -
- Adolphe, Grand Duke of LuxembourgAdolphe, Grand Duke of LuxembourgAdolphe I, Grand Duke of Luxembourg was the last Duke of Nassau, and the fourth Grand Duke of Luxembourg.-Biography:...
(1890-17 November 1905) - Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of LuxembourgGuillaume IV, Grand Duke of LuxembourgWilliam IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg reigned as the sovereign Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 17 November 1905 until his death. He succeeded his father, Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. He also held the titular title of Duke of Nassau.William IV was a Protestant, the religion of the House of Nassau...
(17 November 1905-1912)
- Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
- Regent - Hereditary Grand Duke GuillaumeGuillaume IV, Grand Duke of LuxembourgWilliam IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg reigned as the sovereign Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 17 November 1905 until his death. He succeeded his father, Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. He also held the titular title of Duke of Nassau.William IV was a Protestant, the religion of the House of Nassau...
, Regent of Luxembourg (1902-17 November 1905) - Prime Minister - Paul EyschenPaul EyschenPaul Eyschen was a Luxembourgish politician, statesman, lawyer, and diplomat. He was the eighth Prime Minister of Luxembourg, serving for twenty-seven years, from 22 September 1888 until his death, on 11 October 1915....
, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1888–1915)
- Monarch -
- Montenegro
- Monarch - Nikola I, Prince of Montenegro (1860-1910/1918)
- Prime Minister -
- Bozo Petrovic-Njegos, Prime Minister of MontenegroPrime Minister of MontenegroThe Prime Minister of Montenegro , is the head of the Government of Montenegro. The role of the Prime Minister is to direct the work of the Government, and to submit to the Parliament the Government's Program, including a list of proposed ministers...
(1879–1905) - Lazar Mijuskovic, Prime Minister of MontenegroPrime Minister of MontenegroThe Prime Minister of Montenegro , is the head of the Government of Montenegro. The role of the Prime Minister is to direct the work of the Government, and to submit to the Parliament the Government's Program, including a list of proposed ministers...
(1905–1906)
- Bozo Petrovic-Njegos, Prime Minister of Montenegro
- Netherlands
- Monarch - WilhelminaWilhelmina of the NetherlandsWilhelmina was Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948. She ruled the Netherlands for fifty-eight years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War I and World War II, the economic crisis of 1933, and the decline of the Netherlands as a major colonial...
, Queen of the NetherlandsMonarchy of the NetherlandsThe Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since.-Constitutional role and position of the monarch:...
(1890–1948) - Prime Minister -
- Abraham KuyperAbraham KuyperAbraham Kuijper generally known as Abraham Kuyper, was a Dutch politician, journalist, statesman and theologian...
, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministersPrime Minister of the NetherlandsThe Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
(1901–1905) - Theo de Meester, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministersPrime Minister of the NetherlandsThe Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
(1905–1908)
- Abraham Kuyper
- Monarch - Wilhelmina
- Norway
- Monarch -
- Oscar IIOscar II of SwedenOscar II , baptised Oscar Fredrik was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death and King of Norway from 1872 until 1905. The third son of King Oscar I of Sweden and Josephine of Leuchtenberg, he was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden through his mother.-Early life:At his birth in Stockholm, Oscar...
, King of Norway in personal union with Sweden (1872–1905) - Haakon VIIHaakon VII of NorwayHaakon VII , known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the personal union with Sweden. He was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg...
, King of Norway (1905–1957)
- Oscar II
- Prime Minister -
- George Francis Hagerup, Prime Minister of NorwayPrime Minister of NorwayThe Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...
(1903–1905) - Christian MichelsenChristian MichelsenPeter Christian Hersleb Kjerschow Michelsen was a Norwegian shipping magnate and statesman. He was the first Prime Minister of an independent Norway from 1905 to 1907...
, Prime Minister of NorwayPrime Minister of NorwayThe Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...
(1905–1907)
- George Francis Hagerup, Prime Minister of Norway
- Monarch -
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Monarch - Abdulhamid II, SultanOttoman DynastyThe Ottoman Dynasty ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922, beginning with Osman I , though the dynasty was not proclaimed until Orhan Bey declared himself sultan...
(1876–1909) - Granz Vizier - Mehmed Ferid PashaMehmed Ferid PashaMehmed Ferid Pasha was an Ottoman statesman. He was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 15 January, 1903 until 22 July, 1908. He spoke Arabic, French, Italian and Greek language.- References :...
, Grand VizierGrand VizierGrand Vizier, in Turkish Vezir-i Azam or Sadr-ı Azam , deriving from the Arabic word vizier , was the greatest minister of the Sultan, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissable only by the Sultan himself...
(1903–1908)
- Monarch - Abdulhamid II, Sultan
- Portugal
- Monarch - Carlos I, King of Portugal (1889–1908)
- Prime Minister - José Luciano de Castro, President of the Council of MinistersPrime Minister of PortugalPrime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
(1904–1906)
- Romania
- Monarch - Carol ICarol I of RomaniaCarol I , born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was reigning prince and then King of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected prince of Romania on 20 April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup...
, King of RomaniaKing of RomaniaKing of the Romanians , rather than King of Romania , was the official title of the ruler of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when Romania was proclaimed a republic....
(1881–1914) - Prime Minister - Dimitrie Alexandru SturdzaDimitrie SturdzaDimitrie Sturdza was a Romanian statesman of the late 19th century, and president of the Romanian Academy between 1882 and 1884.-Biography:Born in Iaşi, Moldavia, and educated there at the Academia Mihăileană, he continued his studies in Germany, took part in the political movements of the time,...
, Prime Minister of RomaniaPrime Minister of RomaniaThe Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...
(1901–1906)
- Monarch - Carol I
- Russia
- Monarch - Nicholas IINicholas II of RussiaNicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Prince of Finland, and titular King of Poland. His official short title was Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias and he is known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church.Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until...
, Emperor of RussiaTsarTsar is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism...
(1894–1917) - Prime Minister - Count Sergei WitteSergei WitteCount Sergei Yulyevich Witte , also known as Sergius Witte, was a highly influential policy-maker who presided over extensive industrialization within the Russian Empire. He served under the last two emperors of Russia...
, Prime Minister of RussiaPrime Minister of RussiaThe Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
(1905–1906)
- Monarch - Nicholas II
- Serbia
- Monarch - Peter I, King of Serbia (1903–1918)
- Prime Minister -
- Nikola PasicNikola PašicNikola P. Pašić was a Serbian and Yugoslav politician and diplomat, the most important Serbian political figure for almost 40 years, leader of the People's Radical Party who, among other posts, was twice a mayor of Belgrade...
, Prime Minister of Serbia (1904–1905) - Ljubomir StojanovicLjubomir StojanovićLjubomir Stojanović was Serbian statesman, politician, philologist and academic.-Biography:...
, Prime Minister of Serbia (1905–1906)
- Nikola Pasic
- Spain
- Monarch - Alfonso XIIIAlfonso XIII of SpainAlfonso XIII was King of Spain from 1886 until 1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority...
, King of Spain (1886–1931) - Prime Minister -
- Marcelo de Azcárraga, President of the GovernmentPrime Minister of SpainThe President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
(1904–1905) - Raimundo Fernández VillaverdeRaimundo Fernández VillaverdeDon Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde y García del Rivero, iure uxoris Marquis of Pozo Rubio, was a Spanish statesman....
, President of the GovernmentPrime Minister of SpainThe President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
(1905) - Eugenio Montero RiosEugenio Montero RíosEugenio Montero Ríos was a leading member of the Spanish Liberal Party before being part of a 1903 schism that divided it. He also served briefly as Prime Minister. He played a role in the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War as he was then President of the Senate of Spain.-...
, President of the GovernmentPrime Minister of SpainThe President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
(1905) - Segismundo MoretSegismundo MoretSegismundo Moret y Prendergast was a Spanish politician and writer.-Biography:He was born in Cádiz on 2 June 1833...
, President of the GovernmentPrime Minister of SpainThe President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
(1905–1906)
- Marcelo de Azcárraga, President of the Government
- Monarch - Alfonso XIII
- Sweden -
- Monarch - Oscar IIOscar II of SwedenOscar II , baptised Oscar Fredrik was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death and King of Norway from 1872 until 1905. The third son of King Oscar I of Sweden and Josephine of Leuchtenberg, he was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden through his mother.-Early life:At his birth in Stockholm, Oscar...
, King of Sweden (1872–1907) - Prime Minister -
- Erik Gustaf BoströmErik Gustaf BoströmErik Gustaf Bernhard Boström was a Swedish landowner and politician, who was a member of the Swedish Parliament and Prime Minister of Sweden twice . He was also known as E.G. Boström or E. Gust...
, Prime Minister of SwedenPrime Minister of SwedenThe Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
(1902–1905) - Johan RamstedtJohan RamstedtJohan Olof Ramstedt , was Prime Minister of Sweden from April to August 1905.-Biography:Johan Ramstedt was born in Stockholm, son to clothing manufacturer Reinhold Ramstedt and his wife Maria Sofia Haeggström...
, Prime Minister of SwedenPrime Minister of SwedenThe Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
(1905) - Christian LundebergChristian LundebergChristian Lundeberg was a Swedish politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 2 August to 7 November 1905....
, Prime Minister of SwedenPrime Minister of SwedenThe Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
(1905) - Karl StaaffKarl StaaffKarl Albert Staaff was a Swedish liberal politician and lawyer. He was chairman of the Liberal Coalition Party and served twice as Prime Minister of Sweden ....
, Prime Minister of SwedenPrime Minister of SwedenThe Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
(1905–1906)
- Erik Gustaf Boström
- Monarch - Oscar II
- Switzerland
- President - Marc-Émile RuchetMarc-Emile RuchetMarc-Emile Ruchet was a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on December 14, 1899, and resigned on July 9, 1912, only four days before his death...
, President of the Swiss Confederation (1905)
- President - Marc-Émile Ruchet
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - Edward VIIEdward VII of the United KingdomEdward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910...
, King of the United Kingdom (1901–1910) - Prime Minister -
- Arthur BalfourArthur BalfourArthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, KG, OM, PC, DL was a British Conservative politician and statesman...
, Prime Minister of the United KingdomPrime Minister of the United KingdomThe Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
(1902–1905) - Sir Henry Campbell-BannermanHenry Campbell-BannermanSir Henry Campbell-Bannerman GCB was a British Liberal Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1905 to 1908 and Leader of the Liberal Party from 1899 to 1908. He also served as Secretary of State for War twice, in the Cabinets of Gladstone and Rosebery...
, Prime Minister of the United KingdomPrime Minister of the United KingdomThe Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
(1905–1908)
- Arthur Balfour
- Monarch - Edward VII
North America and Caribbean
- Canada
- Monarch - Edward VIIEdward VII of the United KingdomEdward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910...
, King of the United Kingdom (1901–1910) - Governor-General - Earl Grey, Governor-General of Canada (1904–1911)
- Prime Minister - Wilfrid LaurierWilfrid LaurierSir Wilfrid Laurier, GCMG, PC, KC, baptized Henri-Charles-Wilfrid Laurier was the seventh Prime Minister of Canada from 11 July 1896 to 6 October 1911....
, Prime Minister of Canada (1896–1911)
- Monarch - Edward VII
- Costa Rica - Ascensión Esquivel IbarraAscensión Esquivel IbarraAscensión Esquivel Ibarra was a Nicaraguan-born President of Costa Rica from 1902 to 1906...
, President of Costa Rica (1902–1906) - Cuba - Tomás Estrada Palma, President of CubaPresident of Cuba--209.174.31.28 18:43, 22 November 2011 The President of Cuba is the Head of state of Cuba. According to the Cuban Constitution of 1976, the President is the chief executive of the Council of State of Cuba...
(1902–1906) - Dominican Republic - Carlos Felipe MoralesCarlos Felipe MoralesCarlos Felipe Morales Languasco was a Dominican priest, politician and military figure. He was born in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic on August 23, 1868. He served as Governor of Puerto Plata during the presidency of Alejandro Woss y Gil to whom he led a coup on November 23, 1903...
, President of the Dominican Republic (1903–1906) - El Salvador - Pedro José EscalónPedro José EscalónPedro José Escalón was born in Santa Ana, El Salvador. In 1865 he married Elena Rodríguez and they had three children: Dolores, Federico and Pedro....
, President of El SalvadorPresident of El SalvadorThis page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...
(1903–1907) - Guatemala - Manuel Estrada CabreraManuel Estrada CabreraManuel José Estrada Cabrera was President of Guatemala from 8 February 1898 to 15 April 1920.Manuel Estrada forcibly took the presidency after the assassination of José María Reina. The Guatemalan cabinet called an emergency meeting to appoint a new successor, but declined to invite the General...
, President of GuatemalaPresident of GuatemalaThe title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
(1898–1920) - Haiti - Pierre Nord AlexisPierre Nord AlexisPierre Nord Alexis was President of Haiti from December 21, 1902 to December 2, 1908. He was son of Nord Alexis, a high-ranking official in the regime of Henry Christophe, and Blézine Georges, Christophe's illegitimate daughter. Alexis joined the army in the 1830s, serving President Jean-Louis...
, President of HaitiPresident of HaitiThe President of the Republic of Haiti is the head of state of Haiti. Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti...
(1902–1908) - Honduras - Manuel BonillaManuel BonillaGeneral Manuel Bonilla Chirinos was President of Honduras from 13 April 1903 to 25 February 1907, and again from 1 February 1912 till 21 March 1913....
, President of HondurasPresident of HondurasThis page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....
(1903–1907) - México: Porfirio DíazPorfirio DíazJosé de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori was a Mexican-American War volunteer and French intervention hero, an accomplished general and the President of Mexico continuously from 1876 to 1911, with the exception of a brief term in 1876 when he left Juan N...
, President of MexicoPresident of MexicoThe President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...
(1884–1911) - Nicaragua - José Santos ZelayaJosé Santos ZelayaJosé Santos Zelaya López was the President of Nicaragua from 25 July 1893 to 21 December 1909.-Early life:He was a son of José María Zelaya Irigoyen, born in Nicaragua, and mistress Juana López Ramírez...
, President of NicaraguaPresident of NicaraguaThe position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
(1893–1909) - Panama - Manuel Amador GuerreroManuel Amador GuerreroManuel Amador Guerrero , was the first president of Panama from 20 February 1904 to 1 October 1908. He was a member of the Conservative Party....
, President of Panama (1904–1908) - United States - Theodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States . He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity...
, President of the United StatesPresident of the United StatesThe President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
(1901–1909)
South America
- Argentina: Manuel A. Quintana, President of ArgentinaPresident of ArgentinaThe President of the Argentine Nation , usually known as the President of Argentina, is the head of state of Argentina. Under the national Constitution, the President is also the chief executive of the federal government and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.Through Argentine history, the...
(1904–1906) - Bolivia: Ismael MontesIsmael MontesIsmael Montes Gamboa was a Bolivian general and political figure. He served as the President of Bolivia between 1904 and 1909 and again between 1913 and 1917....
, President of BoliviaPresident of BoliviaThe President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
(1904–1909) - Brazil: Francisco de Paula Rodrigues AlvesFrancisco de Paula Rodrigues AlvesFrancisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, PC was a Brazilian politician who first served as governor of the State of São Paulo in 1887, and as Treasury minister in the 1890s. Rodrigues Alves was elected president of Brazil in 1902 and served until 1906....
, President of BrazilPresident of BrazilThe president of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces...
(1902–1906) - Chile: Germán RiescoGermán RiescoGermán Riesco Errázuriz was a Chilean political figure, and he served as President of Chile between 1901 and 1906.-Early life:...
, President of ChilePresident of ChileThe President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...
(1901–1906) - Colombia: Rafael ReyesRafael ReyesRafael Reyes Prieto was Chief of Staff of the Colombian National Army and President of Colombia .- Biographic data :...
, President of ColombiaPresident of ColombiaThe President of Colombia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia. The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura, convened in December 1819, when Colombia was part of "la Gran Colombia"...
(1904–1909) - Ecuador:
- Leónidas PlazaLeónidas PlazaLeónidas Plaza Gutiérrez was an Ecuadorian political figure. He served as the President of Ecuador between 1901 and 1905 and again from 1912 until 1916. He was the father of Galo Plaza Lasso.-External links:*...
, President of Ecuador (1901–1905) - Lizardo GarcíaLizardo GarcíaLizardo García Sorroza was President of Ecuador from 1 September 1905 to 15 January 1906.- Life:García was born in Guayaquil on the 26 April 1844...
, President of Ecuador (1905–1906)
- Leónidas Plaza
- Paraguay:
- Juan Bautista GaonaJuan Bautista GaonaJuan Bautista Gaona Figueredo was provisional President of Paraguay October 18, 1904 - December 8, 1905 and later served as Vice President. He was a member of the Liberal Party. His presidency began the period of dominance for the Liberal Party which lasted for more than 30 years....
, Provisional President of Paraguay (1904–1905) - Cecilio BáezCecilio BáezCecilio Báez González was provisional President of Paraguay from December 8, 1905 to November 25, 1906. He was a member of the Liberal Party.-Early life and career:...
, Provisional President of Paraguay (1905–1906)
- Juan Bautista Gaona
- Peru: José Pardo y BarredaJosé Pardo y BarredaJosé Simón Pardo y Barreda was a Peruvian politician who twice occupied the Presidency of Peru, from 1904 to 1908 and 1915 to 1919....
, President of Peru (1904–1908) - Uruguay - José Batlle y OrdóñezJosé Batlle y OrdóñezJosé Pablo Torcuato Batlle y Ordóñez was the president of Uruguay in 1899 and from 1903 until 1907 and for a further term from 1911 to 1915. He was the son of former president, Lorenzo Batlle y Grau. His children César, Rafael and Lorenzo Batlle Pacheco were actively engaged in politics...
, President of Uruguay (1903–1907) - Venezuela: Cipriano CastroCipriano CastroJosé Cipriano Castro Ruiz was a high ranking member of the Venezuelan military, politician and the President of Venezuela from 1899 to 1908...
, President of Venezuela (1899–1908)