Lord Warden of the Stannaries
Encyclopedia
Cornwall
Cornwall is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of , and covers an area of...
, United Kingdom, and is still the official who, upon the commission of the monarch
British monarchy
The monarchy of the United Kingdom is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The present monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, has reigned since 6 February 1952. She and her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties...
or Duke of Cornwall
Duke of Cornwall
The Duchy of Cornwall was the first duchy created in the peerage of England.The present Duke of Cornwall is The Prince of Wales, the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II, the reigning British monarch .-History:...
for the time being, has the function of calling a Stannary Parliament
Stannary Courts and Parliaments
The Stannary Parliaments and Stannary Courts were legislative and legal institutions in Cornwall and in Devon , England. The Stannary Courts administered equity for the region's tin-miners and tin mining interests, and they were also courts of record for the towns dependent on the mines...
of tinners. The last Stannary Parliament convened by a Lord Warden of the Stannaries sat in 1753.
The first Lord Warden of the Stannaries of Cornwall (and Devon) was William de Wrotham who was appointed during the reign of Richard I
Richard I of England
Richard I was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Nantes, and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period...
on 20 November 1197.
In theory, were the current Duke of Cornwall, Prince Charles
Charles, Prince of Wales
Prince Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir apparent and eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Since 1958 his major title has been His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales. In Scotland he is additionally known as The Duke of Rothesay...
, to appoint a Lord Warden of the Stannaries, a Stannary Parliament could be convened, which could veto United Kingdom legislation. This is because a Stannator's right to veto Westminster legislation has never been formally withdrawn. In 1977, the Plaid Cymru
Plaid Cymru
' is a political party in Wales. It advocates the establishment of an independent Welsh state within the European Union. was formed in 1925 and won its first seat in 1966...
MP Dafydd Wigley in Parliament asked the Attorney General for England and Wales if he would provide the date upon which enactments of the Charter of Pardon of 1508 were rescinded. The reply, received on 14 May 1977, stated that the Stannators' right to veto Westminster legislation had never been formally withdrawn.
In 1997, the Liberal Democrat
Liberal Democrats
The Liberal Democrats are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom which supports constitutional and electoral reform, progressive taxation, wealth taxation, human rights laws, cultural liberalism, banking reform and civil liberties .The party was formed in 1988 by a merger of the...
Andrew George MP attempted to raise a Duchy-related question, but he was prevented by an injunction that disallows MPs raising any questions in Parliament that are in any way related to the Duchy.
Even today, the Duchy charters, which turned all of Cornwall
Cornwall
Cornwall is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of , and covers an area of...
into a Duchy
Duchy
A duchy is a territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.Some duchies were sovereign in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era . In contrast, others were subordinate districts of those kingdoms that unified either partially or completely during the Medieval era...
, are still law, and it is still common for many Cornish to refer to Cornwall as a Duchy.
List of the Lord Wardens of the Stannaries
- 1197–?: William de Wrotham
- 1215–1220 or 1222: Henry Fitz-Count, 1st Earl of Cornwall
- 1413–1422: John Wilcotes
- 1523–1538: Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of ExeterHenry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of ExeterHenry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter, KG, PC was the eldest son of William Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon and Catherine of York, and grandson of King Edward IV of England.He was an older brother of Margaret Courtenay...
- 1539–1554: John Russell, 1st Earl of BedfordJohn Russell, 1st Earl of BedfordJohn Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford, KG, PC, JP was an English royal minister in the Tudor era. He served variously as Lord High Admiral and Lord Privy Seal....
- 1553–1580: Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of BedfordFrancis Russell, 2nd Earl of BedfordFrancis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford, KG was an English nobleman, soldier and politician and godfather to Sir. Francis Drake.-Early life:...
- 1585–1603: Sir Walter RaleighWalter RaleighSir Walter Raleigh was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy, and explorer. He is also well known for popularising tobacco in England....
- 1604–1630: William Herbert, 3rd Earl of PembrokeWilliam Herbert, 3rd Earl of PembrokeWilliam Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, KG, PC was the son of Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke and his third wife Mary Sidney. Chancellor of the University of Oxford, he founded Pembroke College, Oxford with King James. He was warden of the Forest of Dean, and constable of St Briavels from 1608...
- 1630–1642: Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of PembrokePhilip Herbert, 4th Earl of PembrokePhilip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke and 1st Earl of Montgomery KG was an English courtier and politician active during the reigns of James I and Charles I...
- Interregnum
- 1646–1648: Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Chirbury (Parliamentary)
- 1660–1701: John Granville, 1st Earl of BathJohn Granville, 1st Earl of BathJohn Granville, 1st Earl of Bath PC was an English royalist statesman, whose highest position was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland....
- 1701–1702: Charles Robartes, 2nd Earl of RadnorCharles Robartes, 2nd Earl of RadnorCharles Bodvile Robartes, 2nd Earl of Radnor PC FRS was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1679 until 1685 when he inherited a peerage as Earl of Radnor...
- 1702–1705: John Granville, 1st Baron Granville
- 1705–1708: Francis Godolphin, Viscount RialtonFrancis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of GodolphinFrancis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin, PC was a British politician, styled Viscount Rialton between 1706 and 1712.-Biography:...
- 1708–1734: Hugh Boscawen, 1st Viscount FalmouthHugh Boscawen, 1st Viscount FalmouthHugh Boscawen, 1st Viscount Falmouth was an English Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons for Cornish constituencies from 1702 until 1720 when he was raised to the peerage.-Life:...
- 1734–1737: Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron EdgcumbeRichard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron EdgcumbeRichard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe, PC was an English politician.He was the son of Sir Richard Edgcumbe and Lady Anne Montagu, daughter of the Earl of Sandwich...
- 1737–1742: vacant
- 1742–1751: Thomas Pitt of BoconnocThomas Pitt of BoconnocThomas Pitt of Boconnoc was the Lord Warden of the Stannaries until 1751, when the Cornish Stannary Parliament last met. He was the grandson and namesake of the better known Thomas Pitt, and the son of Robert Pitt and elder brother of William Pitt the Elder...
, Esq. - 1751–1762: James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl WaldegraveJames Waldegrave, 2nd Earl WaldegraveJames Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave KG PC FRS was a British statesman.The eldest son of the 1st Earl Waldegrave, Waldegrave was educated at Westminster and Eton and he inherited his father's titles in 1741...
- 1763–1783: Humphrey Morice
- 1783–1798: Viscount LewishamGeorge Legge, 3rd Earl of DartmouthGeorge Legge, 3rd Earl of Dartmouth KG, PC, FRS , styled Viscount Lewisham until 1801, was a British politician.-Background:...
- 1798–1800: Sir John Morshead, 1st Baronet
- 1800–1803: John Willett PayneJohn Willett PayneRear-Admiral John Willett Payne was a senior, veteran officer of the British Navy who also served as a close friend, advisor and courtier to Prince George before and during his first regency...
- 1803–1812: Sir Thomas TyrwhittThomas Tyrwhitt (MP)Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt was Member of Parliament for Okehampton.-Career:Educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford and after serving as private secretary to the Prince of Wales, Tyrwhitt was elected Member of Parliament for Okehampton in 1796...
- 1812–1842: Francis Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquess of HertfordFrancis Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquess of HertfordFrancis Charles Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquess of Hertford KG, GCH PC , styled Viscount Beauchamp between 1793 and 1794 and Earl of Yarmouth between 1794 and 1822, was a British Tory politician and art collector....
- 1842–1861: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- 1862–1864: Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle-under-LyneHenry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle-under-LyneHenry Pelham Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne KG, PC , styled Earl of Lincoln before 1851, was a British politician.-Background:...
- 1865–1888: Edward Portman, 1st Viscount PortmanEdward Portman, 1st Viscount PortmanEdward Berkeley Portman, 1st Viscount Portman , was a British Liberal politician.Portman was the son of Edward Portman, of Bryanston and Orchard in Dorset, and his wife Lucy, daughter of Reverend Thomas Whitby. He was a descendant of Sir William Portman, Lord Chief Justice of England between 1555...
- 1888–1908: Henry Reynolds-Moreton, 3rd Earl of DucieHenry Reynolds-Moreton, 3rd Earl of DucieHenry John Reynolds-Moreton, 3rd Earl of Ducie GCVO, PC, FRS, JP , styled Lord Moreton between 1840 and 1853, was a British courtier and Liberal Party politician. He notably served as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard from 1859 to 1866...
- 1908–1921: Alexander Bruce, 6th Lord Balfour of BurleighAlexander Bruce, 6th Lord Balfour of BurleighAlexander Hugh Bruce, 6th Lord Balfour of Burleigh KT GCMG GCVO PC DL JP was a Scottish Unionist politician, banker and statesman, who took a leading part in the affairs of the Church of Scotland...
- 1921–1933: Charles Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron ClintonCharles Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron ClintonCharles John Robert Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron Clinton, GCVO, PC was a British peer.Trefusis was the eldest son of the 20th Baron Clinton and his wife, Harriet. On 1 June 1886, he married his third cousin Lady Jane McDonnell and they had two daughters:*Hon...
- 1933–1965: William Pleydell-Bouverie, 7th Earl of RadnorWilliam Pleydell-Bouverie, 7th Earl of RadnorWilliam Pleydell-Bouverie, 7th Earl of Radnor, KG, KCVO was born on 18 December 1895 and died in 1968. He was the son of Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie, 6th Earl of Radnor and Julian Eleanor Adelaide Balfour....
- 1965–1976: Geoffrey Waldegrave, 12th Earl WaldegraveGeoffrey Waldegrave, 12th Earl WaldegraveGeoffrey Noel Waldegrave, 12th Earl Waldegrave KG GCVO TD , known as Viscount Chewton from 1933 to 1936, was a British peer and agriculturist....
- 1977–1983: Peter Kerr, 12th Marquess of LothianPeter Kerr, 12th Marquess of LothianPeter Francis Walter Kerr, 12th Marquess of Lothian, KCVO was a British peer, politician and landowner....
- 1985–1990: Sir Nicholas HendersonNicholas HendersonSir John Nicolas Henderson, GCMG, KCVO was a distinguished British career diplomat and writer, who served as British Ambassador to the United States from 1979 to 1982....
- 1990–1994: John Baring, 7th Baron AshburtonJohn Baring, 7th Baron AshburtonJohn Francis Harcourt Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton, is a British merchant banker and former chairman of British Petroleum...
- 1994–2006: William Peel, 3rd Earl PeelWilliam Peel, 3rd Earl PeelWilliam James Robert Peel, 3rd Earl Peel GCVO, PC, DL , styled Viscount Clanfield until 1969, is a cross-bench member of the House of Lords and Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household.-Background and education:...
- 2006–present: Sir Nicholas Bacon, 14th BaronetSir Nicholas Bacon, 14th BaronetSir Nicholas Hickman Ponsonby Bacon, 14th and 15th Baronet, OBE DL , is a British landowner, businessman and philanthropist. Sir Nicholas is also the Premier Baronet of England.-Life and education:...
See also
- Cornish independence
- Revived Cornish Stannary ParliamentRevived Cornish Stannary ParliamentThe Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament , is a pressure group which claims to be a revival of the historic Cornish Stannary Parliament last held in 1753...
- Stannary Courts and ParliamentsStannary Courts and ParliamentsThe Stannary Parliaments and Stannary Courts were legislative and legal institutions in Cornwall and in Devon , England. The Stannary Courts administered equity for the region's tin-miners and tin mining interests, and they were also courts of record for the towns dependent on the mines...
- Stannary town
- Duchy of CornwallDuchy of CornwallThe Duchy of Cornwall is one of two royal duchies in England, the other being the Duchy of Lancaster. The eldest son of the reigning British monarch inherits the duchy and title of Duke of Cornwall at the time of his birth, or of his parent's succession to the throne. If the monarch has no son, the...
- Cornwall (territorial duchy)