Lorenzo Cozza
Encyclopedia
Lorenzo Cozza was an Italian friar Minor Observantist, Roman Catholic Cardinal
and theologian.
Lorenzo Cozza was born in San Lorenzo alle Grotte in 1654. In 1669 he entered the Order of the Friars Minor Observantists, in the convent
of Holy Trinity at Orvieto
, taking the name in religion Francis Lawrence of Saint Lawrence (in Italian, Francesco Lorenzo di San Lorenzo). He studied philosophy
and theology
in the Franciscan
convents in Naples
, Viterbo
and Rome. No information is available on when he was ordained priest
.
In his order, he filled the positions of lector
of theology in the convent of Santa Maria in Aracoeli
, lector of philosophy in the convent of Saint Diego (Naples, 1676), and lector of theology in the convent of Viterbo
, where he also became guardian
. He then returned to the convent of Aracoeli
as lector of theology and, later, in 1696, guardian. For five years, Cozza was master of Francesco Antonio Placidi, friar Minor and future Saint Thomas of Cori
http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_19991121_tommaso-da-cori_en.html. Cardinal Giulio Cesare Sacchetti
chose Cozza as his confessor
and theological adviser, thus giving rise to a friendship that lasted through life.
Cozza was later appointed definitor
of the Roman province of his order and charged by the minister general
(general superior) with the visitation
of the convents of Bosnia, Dalmatia
and Lombardy
. In the pontificate of Clement XI, he was consultor
of the Sacred Congregation of the Index and qualificator of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition
. In 1704 he became superior of the Roman province of his order.
While in the Orient
(1709–1715), where he had been sent as superior of the Franciscan
monastery in Jerusalem and guardian of the Holy Sepulchre, Cozza found leisure to compose several important works. As papal legate
he reconciled the Maronites
and the Patriarch
Jacobus Petrus of Antioch
and his faithful, who had long been at disagreement with the Holy See
. He was also instrumental in the reconciliation and union to Rome of Patriarch
Michele Capisoli of Alexandria
in 1713.
In 1715 he became vice-commissary general of his order by apostolic brief of pope Clement XI
.
In 1715 he returned to Rome. In 1723 he was elected minister general
of his order.
He assisted pope Innocent XIII
at his death in 1724.
In the consistory
of December 9, 1726, he was created Cardinal priest by Benedict XIII
, receiving the red hat and the title of Saint Lawrence's at Panisperna http://roma.katolsk.no/lorenzopanisperna.htm (a minor basilica
in Rome) on December 16, 1726. Granted on December 9, 1726 permission to continue as minister general of his order, he opted for the title of Saint Mary in Aracoeli
on January 20, 1727.
The remaining years of his life were passed in quiet and study in the little convent of Saint Bartholomew
on the Tiber Island
, in the southern bend of the Tiber river in Rome, where he died on January 19, 1729, at 1:30 a.m. He was exposed in the convent's church, where the capella papalis took place the following day, and buried in that same church.
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
and theologian.
Biography
Convent
A convent is either a community of priests, religious brothers, religious sisters, or nuns, or the building used by the community, particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Anglican Communion...
of Holy Trinity at Orvieto
Orvieto
Orvieto is a city and comune in Province of Terni, southwestern Umbria, Italy situated on the flat summit of a large butte of volcanic tuff...
, taking the name in religion Francis Lawrence of Saint Lawrence (in Italian, Francesco Lorenzo di San Lorenzo). He studied philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
and theology
Theology
Theology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths, or the learned profession acquired by completing specialized training in religious studies, usually at a university or school of divinity or seminary.-Definition:Augustine of Hippo...
in the Franciscan
Franciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
convents in Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, Viterbo
Viterbo
See also Viterbo, Texas and Viterbo UniversityViterbo is an ancient city and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo. It is approximately 80 driving / 80 walking kilometers north of GRA on the Via Cassia, and it is surrounded by the Monti Cimini and...
and Rome. No information is available on when he was ordained priest
Priest
A priest is a person authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities...
.
In his order, he filled the positions of lector
Lector
Lector is a Latin term for one who reads, whether aloud or not. In modern languages the word has come to take various forms, as either a development or a loan, such as , , and . It has various specialized uses:...
of theology in the convent of Santa Maria in Aracoeli
Santa Maria in Aracoeli
The Basilica of St. Mary of the Altar of Heaven is a titular basilica in Rome, located on the highest summit of the Campidoglio. It is still the designated Church of the city council of Rome, which uses the ancient title of Senatus Populusque Romanus...
, lector of philosophy in the convent of Saint Diego (Naples, 1676), and lector of theology in the convent of Viterbo
Viterbo
See also Viterbo, Texas and Viterbo UniversityViterbo is an ancient city and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo. It is approximately 80 driving / 80 walking kilometers north of GRA on the Via Cassia, and it is surrounded by the Monti Cimini and...
, where he also became guardian
Legal guardian
A legal guardian is a person who has the legal authority to care for the personal and property interests of another person, called a ward. Usually, a person has the status of guardian because the ward is incapable of caring for his or her own interests due to infancy, incapacity, or disability...
. He then returned to the convent of Aracoeli
Santa Maria in Aracoeli
The Basilica of St. Mary of the Altar of Heaven is a titular basilica in Rome, located on the highest summit of the Campidoglio. It is still the designated Church of the city council of Rome, which uses the ancient title of Senatus Populusque Romanus...
as lector of theology and, later, in 1696, guardian. For five years, Cozza was master of Francesco Antonio Placidi, friar Minor and future Saint Thomas of Cori
Thomas of Cori
Saint Thomas of Cori . By the age of 14 he was in charge of his family after the death of his mother and father. It was therefore his responsibility to take care of his two sisters and find them husbands...
http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_19991121_tommaso-da-cori_en.html. Cardinal Giulio Cesare Sacchetti
Giulio Cesare Sacchetti
thumb|Cardinal Giulio Cesare Sacchetti, Pietro da Cortona, 1626Giulio Cesare Sacchetti was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and was twice unsuccessfully nominated by France for election as Pope.-Early life:...
chose Cozza as his confessor
Confessor
-Confessor of the Faith:Its oldest use is to indicate a saint who has suffered persecution and torture for the faith, but not to the point of death. The term is still used in this way in the East. In Latin Christianity it has come to signify any saint, as well as those who have been declared...
and theological adviser, thus giving rise to a friendship that lasted through life.
Cozza was later appointed definitor
Definitor
A definitor is, in Latin, he who defines. In the Catholic Church, however, this is a title with different specific uses. There are secular definitors, who have a limited amount of oversight over a part of a diocese...
of the Roman province of his order and charged by the minister general
Minister general
Minister General is the term used for the Superior General of the different branches of the Franciscan Order. It is a term exclusive to them, and comes directly from its founder, St. Francis of Assisi....
(general superior) with the visitation
Canonical Visitation
A canonical visitation is the act of an ecclesiastical superior who in the discharge of his office visits persons or places with a view of maintaining faith and discipline, and of correcting abuses by the application of proper remedies.-Catholic usage:...
of the convents of Bosnia, Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
and Lombardy
Lombardy
Lombardy is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The capital is Milan. One-sixth of Italy's population lives in Lombardy and about one fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in this region, making it the most populous and richest region in the country and one of the richest in the whole of Europe...
. In the pontificate of Clement XI, he was consultor
Consultor
A consultor is one who gives counsel, i.e. a counselor.In the Catholic Church, it is a specific title for various advisory positions:*in the Roman Curia, a consultor is a specially appointed expert who may be called upon for advice desired by a department...
of the Sacred Congregation of the Index and qualificator of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith , previously known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition , and after 1904 called the Supreme...
. In 1704 he became superior of the Roman province of his order.
While in the Orient
Orient
The Orient means "the East." It is a traditional designation for anything that belongs to the Eastern world or the Far East, in relation to Europe. In English it is a metonym that means various parts of Asia.- Derivation :...
(1709–1715), where he had been sent as superior of the Franciscan
Franciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
monastery in Jerusalem and guardian of the Holy Sepulchre, Cozza found leisure to compose several important works. As papal legate
Papal legate
A papal legate – from the Latin, authentic Roman title Legatus – is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church. He is empowered on matters of Catholic Faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters....
he reconciled the Maronites
Maronites
Maronites , is an ethnoreligious group in the Middle East that have been historically tied with Lebanon. They derive their name from the Syriac saint Mar Maron whose followers moved to Mount Lebanon from northern Syria establishing the Maronite Church....
and the Patriarch
Patriarch
Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is called patriarchy. This is a Greek word, a compound of πατριά , "lineage, descent", esp...
Jacobus Petrus of Antioch
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes was an ancient city on the eastern side of the Orontes River. It is near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey.Founded near the end of the 4th century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, Antioch eventually rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the...
and his faithful, who had long been at disagreement with the Holy See
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
. He was also instrumental in the reconciliation and union to Rome of Patriarch
Patriarch
Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is called patriarchy. This is a Greek word, a compound of πατριά , "lineage, descent", esp...
Michele Capisoli of Alexandria
Alexandria
Alexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...
in 1713.
In 1715 he became vice-commissary general of his order by apostolic brief of pope Clement XI
Pope Clement XI
Pope Clement XI , born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 until his death in 1721.-Early life:...
.
In 1715 he returned to Rome. In 1723 he was elected minister general
Minister general
Minister General is the term used for the Superior General of the different branches of the Franciscan Order. It is a term exclusive to them, and comes directly from its founder, St. Francis of Assisi....
of his order.
He assisted pope Innocent XIII
Pope Innocent XIII
Pope Innocent XIII was pope from 1721 until his death.He was born Michelangelo Conti in Poli, near Rome. Like Pope Innocent III , Pope Gregory IX and Pope Alexander IV , he was a member of the family of the Conti, counts and dukes of Segni...
at his death in 1724.
In the consistory
Consistory
-Antiquity:Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together', just as the Greek synedrion ....
of December 9, 1726, he was created Cardinal priest by Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIII
-Footnotes:...
, receiving the red hat and the title of Saint Lawrence's at Panisperna http://roma.katolsk.no/lorenzopanisperna.htm (a minor basilica
Minor basilica
Minor basilica is a title given to some Roman Catholic churches. By canon law no Catholic church can be honoured with the title of basilica unless by apostolic grant or from immemorial custom....
in Rome) on December 16, 1726. Granted on December 9, 1726 permission to continue as minister general of his order, he opted for the title of Saint Mary in Aracoeli
Santa Maria in Aracoeli
The Basilica of St. Mary of the Altar of Heaven is a titular basilica in Rome, located on the highest summit of the Campidoglio. It is still the designated Church of the city council of Rome, which uses the ancient title of Senatus Populusque Romanus...
on January 20, 1727.
The remaining years of his life were passed in quiet and study in the little convent of Saint Bartholomew
San Bartolomeo all'Isola
The Basilica of St. Bartholomew on the Island is a titular minor basilica, located in Rome, Italy. It was founded at the end of the 10th century by Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor. It contains the relics of St...
on the Tiber Island
Tiber Island
The Tiber Island , is a boat-shaped island which has long been associated with healing. It is an ait, and is one of the two islands in the Tiber river, which runs through Rome; the other one, much larger, is near the mouth. The island is located in the southern bend of the Tiber. It is...
, in the southern bend of the Tiber river in Rome, where he died on January 19, 1729, at 1:30 a.m. He was exposed in the convent's church, where the capella papalis took place the following day, and buried in that same church.
Works
His writings include- "Commentarii historico-dogmatici" (Rome, 1707)
- "Historia polemica de Græcorum schismate" (Rome, 1719-1720)
- "Terra Sancta vindicata a calumniis" 'the Holy LandHoly LandThe Holy Land is a term which in Judaism refers to the Kingdom of Israel as defined in the Tanakh. For Jews, the Land's identifiction of being Holy is defined in Judaism by its differentiation from other lands by virtue of the practice of Judaism often possible only in the Land of Israel...
defended against slaunder', left unpublished.
- From the same family Cozza, along with places for artists, engineer and senators http://www.cozza.it/eng/philosophy/radici.htm, come the Cozza's jewerly http://users.libero.it/cozza/eng of Via Veneto in Rome, created by the designerDesignerA designer is a person who designs. More formally, a designer is an agent that "specifies the structural properties of a design object". In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, such as consumer products, processes, laws, games and graphics, is referred to as a...
Giovanni Sebastiano Cozza http://www.facebook.com/people/Giovanni-Sebastiano-Cozza/1537494966.