Lubny
Encyclopedia
Lubny is a city
in the Poltava Oblast
(province
) of central Ukraine
. Serving as the administrative center
of the Lubensky Raion (district
), the city itself is also designated as a separate raion
within the oblast. The current estimated population is around 52,600 (as of 1999).
(prince) Vladimir the Great
(Volodymyr) of Kiev
. The first written record, however, dates from 1107.
Initially, it was a small wooden fortress above the Sula River
. The fortress quickly grew, and in the 15th or 16th century, it was owned by the powerful Wisniowiecki
family. The town was ruled by Magdeburg rights
and had a Coat of Arms
.
In 1596, Lubny was the site of the last battle of Severyn Nalyvaiko
against the Poles. In the 17th century the city was one of the largest in the area. In 1638 it had 2,646 inhabitants. Between 1648 and 1781, the town was the headquarters of the Lubny Cossack Regiment
.
After a railroad line was constructed through Lubny in 1901, industry quickly grew and expanded in the city. During the German
occupation in the Second World War
, Lubny was the centre of major partisan (resistance) movement
. On October 16, 1941 over a thousand of the city's Jews, including women and children, were massacred by German Einsatzgruppen on the outskirts of the city.
and milk
products, furniture
and bread
. Over 40 types of ice cream are made in the milk factories, and the Lubny bread is known across Ukraine.
Lubny also has its own soccer team, Lubny Nyva . Several museums and art galleries are located here, and the Lubny institute district is known for the bookstores that carry a wide variety of technical and non-technical books. As well, a local newspaper, Visnyk is published in the city. Lubny is considered the Literature Capital of the Poltava Oblast.
The main landmark of the Lubny District is the Mharsky Monastery
, with a large six-pillared Ukrainian Baroque
cathedral, built in 1684-92 and renovated after a conflagration in 1754, and a neoclassical belltower, started in 1784 but not completed until 1844.
s, each raion is governed by a specially-appointed secretary, and has its own branch of the police force. The secretaries are responsible for handling issues in their raion.
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
in the Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast is an oblast of central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Poltava.Other important cities within the oblast include: Komsomolsk, Kremenchuk, Lubny and Myrhorod.-Geography:...
(province
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
) of central Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. Serving as the administrative center
Capital City
Capital City was a television show produced by Euston Films which focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman....
of the Lubensky Raion (district
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), the city itself is also designated as a separate raion
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
within the oblast. The current estimated population is around 52,600 (as of 1999).
History
Lubny is reputed to be one of the oldest cities in Ukraine, allegedly founded in 988 by knyazKnyaz
Kniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English as either Prince or less commonly as Duke....
(prince) Vladimir the Great
Vladimir I of Kiev
Vladimir Sviatoslavich the Great Old East Slavic: Володимѣръ Свѧтославичь Old Norse as Valdamarr Sveinaldsson, , Vladimir, , Volodymyr, was a grand prince of Kiev, ruler of Kievan Rus' in .Vladimir's father was the prince Sviatoslav of the Rurik dynasty...
(Volodymyr) of Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
. The first written record, however, dates from 1107.
Initially, it was a small wooden fortress above the Sula River
Sula River
The Sula River is a left tributary of the Dnipró or Dnieper River with a total length of 365 km and a drainage basin of 19,600 km²....
. The fortress quickly grew, and in the 15th or 16th century, it was owned by the powerful Wisniowiecki
Jeremi Wisniowiecki
Jeremi Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki was a notable member of the aristocracy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Prince at Wiśniowiec, Łubnie and Chorol and a father of future Polish king Michał I...
family. The town was ruled by Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg Rights or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by a local ruler. Modelled and named after the laws of the German city of Magdeburg and developed during many centuries of the Holy Roman Empire, it was...
and had a Coat of Arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
.
In 1596, Lubny was the site of the last battle of Severyn Nalyvaiko
Severyn Nalyvaiko
Severyn Nalyvaiko was a leader of the Ukrainian Cossacks who became a hero of Ukrainian folklore. He led the Nalyvaiko Uprising. The Decembrist poet Kondraty Ryleyev wrote a poem about him.-Biography:...
against the Poles. In the 17th century the city was one of the largest in the area. In 1638 it had 2,646 inhabitants. Between 1648 and 1781, the town was the headquarters of the Lubny Cossack Regiment
Lubny Regiment
The Lubny Regiment was one of ten territorial-administrative subdivisions of the Cossack Hetmanate. The regiment's capital was the city of Lubny, now in Poltava Oblast of central Ukraine. Other major cities of the regiment were Pyriatyn, Hlynsk and Romny....
.
After a railroad line was constructed through Lubny in 1901, industry quickly grew and expanded in the city. During the German
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
occupation in the Second World War
Eastern Front (World War II)
The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of World War II between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland, and some other Allies which encompassed Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945...
, Lubny was the centre of major partisan (resistance) movement
Soviet partisans
The Soviet partisans were members of a resistance movement which fought a guerrilla war against the Axis occupation of the Soviet Union during World War II....
. On October 16, 1941 over a thousand of the city's Jews, including women and children, were massacred by German Einsatzgruppen on the outskirts of the city.
Modern Lubny
Today, Lubny is a large industrial and cultural centre. Many automotive and farm equipment factories were established during the growth of industry between 1901 and the 1930s. As well, Lubny is a major producer of meatMeat
Meat is animal flesh that is used as food. Most often, this means the skeletal muscle and associated fat and other tissues, but it may also describe other edible tissues such as organs and offal...
and milk
Milk
Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to the baby and can reduce the risk of many...
products, furniture
Furniture
Furniture is the mass noun for the movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating and sleeping in beds, to hold objects at a convenient height for work using horizontal surfaces above the ground, or to store things...
and bread
Bread
Bread is a staple food prepared by cooking a dough of flour and water and often additional ingredients. Doughs are usually baked, but in some cuisines breads are steamed , fried , or baked on an unoiled frying pan . It may be leavened or unleavened...
. Over 40 types of ice cream are made in the milk factories, and the Lubny bread is known across Ukraine.
Lubny also has its own soccer team, Lubny Nyva . Several museums and art galleries are located here, and the Lubny institute district is known for the bookstores that carry a wide variety of technical and non-technical books. As well, a local newspaper, Visnyk is published in the city. Lubny is considered the Literature Capital of the Poltava Oblast.
The main landmark of the Lubny District is the Mharsky Monastery
Mharsky Monastery
The Mharsky or Mgarsky Monastery was founded in 1619 on the bank of the Sula River near Lubny by Isaia Kopynsky and Princess Rayina Vyshnevetska as a bratstvo designed to become a bulwark of Orthodoxy in the eastern part of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth.The Ukrainian...
, with a large six-pillared Ukrainian Baroque
Ukrainian Baroque
Ukrainian Baroque or Cossack Baroque is an architectural style that emerged in Ukraine during the Hetmanate era, in the 17th and 18th centuries....
cathedral, built in 1684-92 and renovated after a conflagration in 1754, and a neoclassical belltower, started in 1784 but not completed until 1844.
Administrative Divisions
As of 2000, Lubny is divided into eight microdistrictMicrodistrict
Microdistrict, or microraion , is a residential complex—a primary structural element of the residential area construction in the Soviet Union and in some post-Soviet and former Communist states...
s, each raion is governed by a specially-appointed secretary, and has its own branch of the police force. The secretaries are responsible for handling issues in their raion.
Famous people from Lubny
- Lyudmila RudenkoLyudmila RudenkoLyudmila Vladimirovna Rudenko was a Soviet chess player and the second Women's World Chess Champion from 1950 until 1953.She was awarded the FIDE International Master and Woman International Master titles in 1950, and the Woman Grandmaster title in 1976...
, Ukrainian chess world champion (1904–1986) - Natalya Meklin, pilot