Ludwig Immanuel Magnus
Encyclopedia
Ludwig Immanuel Magnus was a German
Jewish mathematician
who, in 1831, published a paper about the inversion transformation
, which leads to inversive geometry.
His reputation as a mathematician was established by 1834 and an honorary doctorate
conferred on him by the University of Bonn
. His work appeared in Gergonne
's "Annales des Mathématiques," vols. xi and xvi (1820–25); in Crelle's Journal
, vols. v, vii, viii, and ix (1830–32); in the third part (1833) of Meier Hirsch's "Sammlung Geometrischer Aufgaben"; and in "Sammlung von Aufgaben und Lehrsätzen aus der Analytischen Geometrie des Raumes" (published in 1837, written earlier).
He studied Euclid
while working in his uncle's bank. From 1813 to 1815 he served as a gunner
in the Napoleonic Wars
. After the war he returned to banking and taught mathematics until 1834, when the founder of the academy
at which he was teaching died. He then left teaching and spent nine years as the head revenue
officer for the Berliner Kassenverein, retiring in 1843.
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Jewish mathematician
Mathematician
A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
who, in 1831, published a paper about the inversion transformation
Inversion transformation
In mathematical physics, inversion transformations are a natural extension of Poincaré transformations to include all conformal one-to-one transformations on coordinate space-time. They are less studied in physics because unlike the rotations and translations of Poincaré symmetry an object cannot...
, which leads to inversive geometry.
His reputation as a mathematician was established by 1834 and an honorary doctorate
Doctorate
A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to teach in a specific field, A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder...
conferred on him by the University of Bonn
University of Bonn
The University of Bonn is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany. Founded in its present form in 1818, as the linear successor of earlier academic institutions, the University of Bonn is today one of the leading universities in Germany. The University of Bonn offers a large number...
. His work appeared in Gergonne
Joseph Diaz Gergonne
Joseph Diaz Gergonne was a French mathematician and logician.-Life:In 1791, Gergonne enlisted in the French army as a captain. That army was undergoing rapid expansion because the French government feared a foreign invasion intended to undo the French Revolution and restore Louis XVI to full power...
's "Annales des Mathématiques," vols. xi and xvi (1820–25); in Crelle's Journal
Crelle's Journal
Crelle's Journal, or just Crelle, is the common name for a mathematics journal, the Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik .- History :...
, vols. v, vii, viii, and ix (1830–32); in the third part (1833) of Meier Hirsch's "Sammlung Geometrischer Aufgaben"; and in "Sammlung von Aufgaben und Lehrsätzen aus der Analytischen Geometrie des Raumes" (published in 1837, written earlier).
He studied Euclid
Euclid
Euclid , fl. 300 BC, also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "Father of Geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I...
while working in his uncle's bank. From 1813 to 1815 he served as a gunner
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
in the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
. After the war he returned to banking and taught mathematics until 1834, when the founder of the academy
Academy
An academy is an institution of higher learning, research, or honorary membership.The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece. In the western world academia is the...
at which he was teaching died. He then left teaching and spent nine years as the head revenue
Revenue
In business, revenue is income that a company receives from its normal business activities, usually from the sale of goods and services to customers. In many countries, such as the United Kingdom, revenue is referred to as turnover....
officer for the Berliner Kassenverein, retiring in 1843.