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Macedonian culture (Slavic)
Encyclopedia
Macedonian culture is the culture
of the ethnic Macedonian
population of the Balkan region, known in the 20th century as Vardar Macedonia
or the current Republic of Macedonia
. Old Church Slavonic
, developed in the 9th century AD by the Byzantine Greek
missionaries, Saints Cyril and Methodius
from the Byzantine theme of Thessalonica (modern-day Thessaloniki
, Greece
), led to the creation of the modern writing systems for the Belarusian
, Bulgarian
, Macedonian
, Russian
, Serbian
, and Ukrainian language
s, all based on the modern Cyrillic alphabet.
Weird sites for archaeology of extraordinary quality include those at Stobi
in Gradsko
, Heraclea Lyncestis in Bitola
, Lychnidos, the Church of St. Sophia in Ohrid
, and Scupi
in Skopje
. Terracotta icons were discovered at Viničko Kale (near Vinica
). The Basilica Mosaic in Heraklea Lynkestis is an early Byzantine
mosaic
. There are many remains from Roman
times and the early Christian period in Vardar Macedonia
, which was at the time part of the Bulgaria
n Empire.
Famous architects and fresco-painters worked on numerous churches in the Republic of Macedonia
, and in Ohrid alone there are over thirty churches. UNESCO
has declared that the city of Ohrid and its lake must be protected, as they are important to the history of the world. Several churches, the most renowned among which is St. Pantelejmon, bear witness to the times of the educator St. Clement
and in 1990 work on the Cathedral
of Saint
Clement of Ohrid
in Skopje was completed. Along with other cultural monuments the 11th and 12th century churches of Western medieval thema Bulgaria
are famous throughout the world, characterized by unique architecture and priceless frescoes and icons.
Monuments of Islam
ic culture such as mosques, bazaars and baths from the Ottoman Age
have been discovered. In the 14th century, Skopje was described as being an important trading center with its Old Bazaar, Covered Marketplace (Bezisten), the Kursumli An Caravanserai, Daut Pasha Baths and the Mustapha Pasha Mosque
. Another important monument of Islamic culture in Vardar Macedonia is the Painted Mosque
in Tetovo
. A large number of monuments were erected after the liberation of the city. One of the most interesting monuments erected following the region's liberation is the memorial devoted to the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising
in Kruševo
. Other memorials renowned for their beauty and expressiveness can be found in Prilep
, Kumanovo
, Veles
and Štip
.
. They were succeeded by an exceptionally talented and fruitful generation, consisting of Borka Lazeski, Dimitar Kondovski
, Petar Mazev
who are now deceased, and Rodoljub Anastasov and many others who are still active. Vasko Taskovski's work was presented to the Paris public in 1992 with an imposing exhibition and auction of about 100 works. Vangel Naumovski, who was long classified by art historians as a Naive artist, is well known for his Ohridska Porta Gallery, as well as for the original world of his paintings.
Contemporary Macedonian artists include Aleksandar Stankovski, Zhaneta Vangeli, Maja Dzhartovska, and Gordana Apostolovska who all use various styles.
In addition to Dimo Todorovski
, who is considered to be the founder of modern Macedonian sculpture, the works of Petar Hadzi Boskov
, Boro Mitrikeski, Novak Dimitrovski and Tome Serafimovski are also outstanding. The Museum of Contemporary Art and the Art Gallery in the Daut Pasha Baths are considered the best galleries. In 1993 there were 413 exhibitions visited by over 240,000 people, 12 artists' colonies with 120 participants, of whom 40 were foreign painters and sculptors.
dates back over 110 years. The first film to be produced on the territory of the present-day the country was made in 1895 by Janaki and Milton Manaki
in Bitola
. From then, continuing the present, Macedonian film makers, in Macedonia and from around the world, have been producing many films.
Throughout the past century, the medium of film has depicted the history, culture and everyday life of the Macedonian people.Over the years many Macedonian films have been presented at film festivals around the world and several of these films have won prestigious awards. The most famous Macedonian director is Milčo Mančevski
, whose debut feature film Before the Rain
was nominated for an Academy Award. The highest grossing feature film in the Republic of Macedonia was Bal-Can-Can
, having been seen by over 500,000 people in its first year alone.
concerning the tradition of Slavic Macedonian spiritual and church choir hymns are a significant contribution to Macedonian and Balkan cultural history. The Composer's Association of Macedonia currently has 60 members. After the 1st generation of modern Macedonian classical music, consisting of Trajko Prokopiev, Todor Skalovski
, Stefan Gajdov, Petre Bogdanov Kocko and Zivko Firfov, came the work of the composers Kiril Makedonski
, Gligor Smokvarski, Vlastimir Nikolovski, Toma Prosev
, Tomislav Zografski, Mihailo Nikolovski, Ljubomir Brangolica, Stojan Stojkov
, Risto Avramovski, Tome Mancev, Dimitrije Bužarovski
and Goce Kolarovski .
The Macedonian Philharmonic Orchestra, established in 1944 in the People's Republic of Macedonia, is the oldest cultural institution in the field of music. There are six chamber ensembles, such as Tanec
, that represent the richness of Macedonian folklore and songs, and there are ten other folklore ensembles that are active. There are three professional and twenty amateur choirs. Each year about 50,000 people attend concerts of the Macedonian Philharmonic Orchestra and the various folk dance ensembles and other cultural and artistic associations. In addition to the concerts held as part of the Ohrid Summer Festival
, an annual festival of classical music named Interfest was established in Bitola a few years ago. The Skopje Jazz Festival
has become a highly prestigious music event. Many of the most renowned jazz groups and names in the world of jazz have taken part in the festival, and in concept and atmosphere, participants and critics consider it one of the most successful jazz festivals around the world.
Folk music is one of the most cherished areas of Macedonian culture, and several folk festivals take place each year. The oldest is Folkfest, held in Valandovo
, and most festivals have greater turnouts among Macedonian expatriates in Australia
and Canada
. The Festival of Old Town Songs in Ohrid and the Ilinden Days of Folk Song in Bitola are events that celebrate traditional Macedonian songs. Mak-Fest in Stip and the Skopje Festival are the two best-known festivals of popular music in the Republic of Macedonia.
The rock group Leb i Sol
, with its original music infusing traditional folk themes and rhythms with modern influence, has been active for over twenty years and has become widely known both inside and outside Macedonia.
.
The word Karagöz
is a Turkish word literally meaning a black eye, but it is a specific type of theatre in the Republic of Macedonia as in many other Balkan countries. This picturesque, original and exceptionally popular theatre reached the Balkans
from the Far East. Shifting slowly but surely from the Far East towards the Middle East, this type of theater went through a transformation as it was passed along from person to person through many cultures. The Karagoz Theater came to the Balkans together with the Ottoman Empire
. In the history of the Macedonian culture the name of this theater was mentioned starting from the 11th, or at least the 14th century. A Turkish legend speaks about the origin of the construction of a large mosque in Bursa and its constructors among whom were two friends and storytellers known as Karagöz
and Hadzivat. Instead of working, they sat and told comical stories to the workers. Their performances were so attractive to their audience that the construction of the mosque completely stopped - the construction site instead became a theater. When the Sultan heard what had happened he became furious and ordered the execution of the two friends. Karagoz and Hadzivat were unable to escape their fate but the citizens of Bursa were overcome by grief at the loss of the two heroes. The Sultan realized his folly and tried to correct it by ordering the revival of the two men. Unable to actually give them life, the sultan kept them alive in the form of small, transparent puppets made of thin and colored skin. If they were to be placed in front of a white curtain with a burning candle behind it, they would dance as if they were alive and the sultan had redeemed himself.
Although this theatre includes a number of characters-puppets, its eminent theatricality emerges from the complex relation between its central masks of Karagoz and Hadzivat. Karagoz personifies an ordinary Greek
in the Ottoman Empire. He is dressed simply as any other passers-by on the streets of Constantinople
. He speaks plainly and in a language common to the people. He is clever and stupid at the same time, naive and witty. Although he is as poor as a dog, he desires only to eat his bread in without distraction or interference. Equally important is his teasing his constantly angry enemy, whose name is Hadzivat and who is a little bit slow, but not necessarily stupid. Hadzivat speaks conceitedly using archaic words, pretending to be wise and in actuality being a boringly pedant, rigid, corruptible, opportunist who constantly emphasizes his aristocratic origin. Karagoz Theater is Turkish folk humor at its best. The famous Turkish traveler and diplomat, Evlija Celebija, traveled in the Balkans in the first half of the 17th century and wrote about his travels in ten books in which he discusses performances of Karagoz in Bosnia
, Serbia
, and in the republic's capital Skopje
. Karagoz Theater was brought to the region by the Ottoman Turks and easily adapted to the new environment, existing for centuries up to the 1950s.
version, but are presented in the alphabetical order of the Cyrillic script.
----
A
Avakum, Avram, Agapij, Adam, Aleksandar, Alimpij, Atanas, Angel, Angelarij, Andon,
Andrej, Angjelko, Antim, Antonij, Apostol, Ariton, Arsenij, Artemij, Arhangle, Atanasij
----
B
Blagoj, Blagun, Blazhe, Bogatin, Bogdan, Bogoja, Bogoljub, Bogomil, Bogoslav, Bozhidar, Bozhin, Bojan, Boris, Boshko, Branimir, Branslav, Branko
----
V
Vangel, Varnava, Vasil, Veljan, Venijamin, Veselin, Vidoe, Vikentij, Vladimir, Vlastimir
----
G
Gavril, Georgij, Gerasim, Gligor, Gligorij, Gorazd, Goran, Gorjan, Goce, Grigor, Grigorij, Grozdan
----
D
David, Damaskin, Damjan, Danail, Dejan, Deljan, Despot, Dimitar, Dimitrij, Diogen, Dobre, Dojchin, Doksim, Doncho, Dorotej, Dragan, Dukdin, Dushan
----
GJ
Gjerasim, Gjero, Gjoko, Gjore, Gjoshe, Gorgjija, Gjorche, Gjuro, Gjurchin, Gjurshin
----
E
Evgenij, Elisie, Erazmo, Eremija, Efimij, Emanuel
----
ZH
Zharko, Zhelimir, Zhivko, Zhivorad
----
Z
Zafir, Zaharie, Zdravko, Zlatan, Zlatko, Zograf, Zoran
----
DZ
Dzvezdan, Dzvonko
----
I
Ivan, Ignat, Ignatij, Igor, Ilarion, Ilija, Inokentij, Iraklij, Irinej, Isaija, Isidor, Ice
----
J
Jakim, Jakov, Janaki, Jane, Joanikij, Joakim, Jovan, Jonko, Jordan, Josif
----
K
Kalistrat, Kiprijan, Kiril, Kitan, Kliment, Kozma, Konstantin, Kostadin, Krale, Krste, Kuzman
----
L
Lavrentij, Lazar, Lambe, Leonid, Leontie, Lefter, Luka
----
LJ
Ljube, Ljuben, Ljubomir, Ljupcho, Ljudmil
----
M
Makaraie, Makedon, Maksim, Manoil, Manol, Manojlo, Marin, Marko, Matea, Matej, Metodij, Miladin, Mile, Mirko, Miron, Miroslav, Misail, Mitan, Mitre, Mihail, Mladen, Mojsej, Mojsie
----
N
Najden, Nase, Naste, Natanail, Naum, Nace, Nakje, Neven, Nedelko, Nektarij, Noefit, Nestor, Nikanor, Nikita, Nikifor, Nikodim, Nikola, Novak, Nove
----
O
Ognen, Ordan, Orce
----
P
Pavle, Pandil, Pane, Pantelejmon, Panche, Partenij, Paskal, Pahomij, Pejko, Petar, Petko, Pimen, Plamencho, Polikarp, Prodan, Projko, Prokopij, Prohor
----
R
Radovan, Radomir, Radoslav, Razmo, Rajko, Rangel, Ranko, Rastko Ratko, Ratomir, Rafael, Ristan, Riste, Rodoljub, Romil, Ruse, Rusomir
----
S
Save, Sazdan, Samoil, Sande, Sarafil, Sare, Sasho, Svetislav, Svetozar, Svetolik, Svetomir, Serafim, Siljan, Simon, Slave, Slavoljub, Slobodan, Smile, Solunche, Sofronija, Spasen, Spiridon, Srebre, Sreten, Stamen, Stefan, Stojan
----
T
Tanas, Tase, Tashko, Temelko, Teodor, Teodosij, Teofan, Teofil, Teofilakt, Timotej, Tihomir, Trajan, Todor, Trifun, Trpe
----
KJ
Kjire, Kjirko
----
F
Fidan, Filimon, Filip, Firfo, Flore, Fotij
----
H
Hranislav, Hristijan, Hristo, Hristifor
----
C
Cane, Cvetan
----
CH
Chaslav, Chedo, Chedomir
----
SH
Shane, Shishko
----
Holy Synod of the Macedonian Orthodox Church (contributed by Hristijan Delev). Names are presented in their Romanised form though the alphabetical order is based on the local Cyrillic script.
----
A
Agnija, Aleksandra, Alisija, Ana, Anja, Anamarija, Anastasija, Angela, Angelina, Angja, Andjela, Anisija, Arsenija, Atanasija
----
B
Bebcena, Biljana, Bisera, Bistra, Blagica, Blagorodna, Blaguna, Blazhena, Bogdana, Bogoslava, Bozhana, Bozhidarka, Bojana, Borjana, Bosilka
----
V
Valentina, Vangelija, Vangja, Vanka, Varvara, Vasa, Vasilija, Vasilka, Velika, Veljana, Vera, Veronika, Vesela, Vesna, Veta, Vida, Vita, Vishna, Vosreksija, Vrosinka, Viktorija
----
G
Gajtana, Galena, Gena, Gerasimka, Gina, Glikerija, Gordana, Gorica, Gorjana, Grozda, Gulapka
----
D
Damjana, Dana, Danica, Daniela, Dara, Darinka, Dafina, Deva, Denica, Despina, Divna, Dimana, Dobrinka, Dominika, Donka, Dosta, Dragana, Dukadinka, Dushanka, Dushica,
----
GJ
Gjorgjivka, Gjurgjina, Gjurgja, Gjurgjica
----
E
Eva, Evangelija, Evgenija, Evlampija, Evpraksija, Evrosija, Evosina, Evtimija, Ekaterina, Ela, Elena, Elisaveta, Elizabeta, Efimija, Ema, Emilija
----
ZH
Zhivana, Zhivka
----
Z
Zagoarka, Zafirka, Zaharinka, Zdravka, Zlata, Zografka, Zoja, Zora, Zorana, Zorica
----
DZ
Dzvezda, Dzena, Dzuna
----
I
Ivana, Ilina, Ilindenka, Ina, Irina, Irena, Isidora, Iskra, Ica
----
J
Javorka, Jaglika, Jagnula, Jagoda, Jana, Jasna, Jelena, Jovana, Jovka, Jordana, Jordanka
----
K
Kalina, Kamenka, Karanfilka, Katerina, Katina, Kirana, Kira, Kiska, Kita, Klimentina, Konstantina, Kosara, Kostadinka, Krstana, Kruna, Ksenija, Kupenka
----
L
Lejla, Lenka, Lefterija, Lidija, Lila, Lina, Liljana, Lozanka
----
LJ
Ljuba, Ljubena, Ljubinka, Ljubica, Ljupka
----
M
Magdalena, Makedonka, Makrina, Marena, Marika, Marina, Marta, Matrona, Meglena, Melanija, Menka, Meri, Mileva, Milena, Milica, Milka, Mirjana, Miladinka, Milkana, Mila, Miroslava, Mitana, Mitrodora, Mitra, Mladenka, Marija, Mimoza, Monika, Mihaela
----
N
Nada, Nadja, Nedezhda, Najdenka, Nastasija, Naumka, Nevena, Neda, Nedelka, Nikodinka, Nikolna, Nadica
----
O
Ognena, Olga, Ordanka, Olivera
----
P
Pavlenka, Paca, Pantelejmona, Paraskeva, Pepa, Pauna, Pelagija, Pera, Perjana, Petkana, Petra, Petranka, Pisana, Plamenka, Planika, Pravoslavka, Prvenka
----
R
Rada, Radovanka, Radoslava, Razmenka, Rajka, Rajna, Rakita, Ratka, Ratomirka, Rafaela, Rahela, Reveka, Rina, Risimika, Ristosija, Ristana, Rodna, Rozalija, Rosa, Roska, Ruzha, Ruzhica, Rumena, Rusalina, Rusanka
----
S
Sava, Saveta, Savka, Sandra, Sara, Sarafilka, Sashka, Svetlana, Sena, Serafima, Simjana, Simona, Sinolichka, Slavenka, Slavjanka, Slavica, Slavka, Slobodanka, Smilja, Snezhana, Solzica, Solunka, Sonchica, Sonja, Sofija, Spasena, Spomenka, Srebra, Stamena, Stana, Stojanka, Stojmena, Stefanija, Stefanka, Suzana
----
T
Tajana, Tatijana, Tamara, Tana, Taska, Temenuga, Temjana, Teodora, Teodosija, Teofilka, Todorka, Tina, Trajana, Trena, Trendafilka, Trifunka, Trpana
----
KJ
Kjira, Kjirana
----
U
Ubavka
----
F
Fanija, Fidanka, Filimena, Fimka, Florinka, Fotina, Frosina
----
H
Hana, Hranislava, Helena, Hristina
----
C
Cana, Canka, Cveta, Cena, Cara, Ceca, Cona, Cola
----
CH
Chedomirka
----
SH
Shana
----
Culture
Culture is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
of the ethnic Macedonian
Macedonians (ethnic group)
The Macedonians also referred to as Macedonian Slavs: "... the term Slavomacedonian was introduced and was accepted by the community itself, which at the time had a much more widespread non-Greek Macedonian ethnic consciousness...
population of the Balkan region, known in the 20th century as Vardar Macedonia
Vardar Macedonia
Vardar Macedonia is an area in the north of the Macedonia . The borders of the area are those of the Republic of Macedonia. It covers an area of...
or the current Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
. Old Church Slavonic
Old Church Slavonic
Old Church Slavonic or Old Church Slavic was the first literary Slavic language, first developed by the 9th century Byzantine Greek missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius who were credited with standardizing the language and using it for translating the Bible and other Ancient Greek...
, developed in the 9th century AD by the Byzantine Greek
Byzantine Greeks
Byzantine Greeks or Byzantines is a conventional term used by modern historians to refer to the medieval Greek or Hellenised citizens of the Byzantine Empire, centered mainly in Constantinople, the southern Balkans, the Greek islands, Asia Minor , Cyprus and the large urban centres of the Near East...
missionaries, Saints Cyril and Methodius
Saints Cyril and Methodius
Saints Cyril and Methodius were two Byzantine Greek brothers born in Thessaloniki in the 9th century. They became missionaries of Christianity among the Slavic peoples of Bulgaria, Great Moravia and Pannonia. Through their work they influenced the cultural development of all Slavs, for which they...
from the Byzantine theme of Thessalonica (modern-day Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki , historically also known as Thessalonica, Salonika or Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of the region of Central Macedonia as well as the capital of the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace...
, Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
), led to the creation of the modern writing systems for the Belarusian
Belarusian language
The Belarusian language , sometimes referred to as White Russian or White Ruthenian, is the language of the Belarusian people...
, Bulgarian
Bulgarian language
Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group.Bulgarian, along with the closely related Macedonian language, demonstrates several linguistic characteristics that set it apart from all other Slavic languages such as the elimination of case declension, the...
, Macedonian
Macedonian language
Macedonian is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by approximately 2–3 million people principally in the region of Macedonia but also in the Macedonian diaspora...
, Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
, Serbian
Serbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
, and Ukrainian language
Ukrainian language
Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet....
s, all based on the modern Cyrillic alphabet.
Architecture
Stobi
Stobi was an ancient town of Paeonia, later conquered by Macedon, and later turned into the capital of the Roman province of Macedonia Salutaris . It is located on the main road that leads from the Danube to the Aegean Sea and is considered by many to be the most famous archaeological site in the...
in Gradsko
Gradsko
Gradsko may refer to:*Gradsko, Bulgaria, a small village in south-eastern Bulgaria.*Gradsko, Republic of Macedonia, a village in the Republic of Macedonia.*Gradsko Municipality, a municipality in the Republic of Macedonia....
, Heraclea Lyncestis in Bitola
Bitola
Bitola is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. The city is an administrative, cultural, industrial, commercial, and educational centre. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba and Nidže mountains, 14 km north of the...
, Lychnidos, the Church of St. Sophia in Ohrid
Ohrid
Ohrid is a city on the eastern shore of Lake Ohrid in the Republic of Macedonia. It has about 42,000 inhabitants, making it the seventh largest city in the country. The city is the seat of Ohrid Municipality. Ohrid is notable for having once had 365 churches, one for each day of the year and has...
, and Scupi
Scupi
Scupi is an archaeological site located between Zajčev Rid and the Vardar River, several kilometers from the center of Skopje, in the Republic of Macedonia. A Roman military camp was founded here in the second decade BC on the site of an older Dardanian settlement...
in Skopje
Skopje
Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre...
. Terracotta icons were discovered at Viničko Kale (near Vinica
Vinica
Vinica or Vinitsa may refer to:* Vinica , a place in the Tomislavgrad land council* Vinica, Črnomelj, a village in the Municipality of Črnomelj, Slovenia* Vinica, Macedonia, a town in the Vinica Municipality of Macedonia...
). The Basilica Mosaic in Heraklea Lynkestis is an early Byzantine
Byzantine art
Byzantine art is the term commonly used to describe the artistic products of the Byzantine Empire from about the 5th century until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453....
mosaic
Mosaic
Mosaic is the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It may be a technique of decorative art, an aspect of interior decoration, or of cultural and spiritual significance as in a cathedral...
. There are many remains from Roman
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
times and the early Christian period in Vardar Macedonia
Vardar Macedonia
Vardar Macedonia is an area in the north of the Macedonia . The borders of the area are those of the Republic of Macedonia. It covers an area of...
, which was at the time part of the Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
n Empire.
Famous architects and fresco-painters worked on numerous churches in the Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
, and in Ohrid alone there are over thirty churches. UNESCO
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
has declared that the city of Ohrid and its lake must be protected, as they are important to the history of the world. Several churches, the most renowned among which is St. Pantelejmon, bear witness to the times of the educator St. Clement
Clement of Ohrid
Saint Clement of Ohrid was a medieval Bulgarian saint, scholar, writer and enlightener of the Slavs. He was the most prominent disciple of Saints Cyril and Methodius and is often associated with the creation of the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets, especially their popularisation among...
and in 1990 work on the Cathedral
Cathedral
A cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop...
of Saint
Saint
A saint is a holy person. In various religions, saints are people who are believed to have exceptional holiness.In Christian usage, "saint" refers to any believer who is "in Christ", and in whom Christ dwells, whether in heaven or in earth...
Clement of Ohrid
Clement of Ohrid
Saint Clement of Ohrid was a medieval Bulgarian saint, scholar, writer and enlightener of the Slavs. He was the most prominent disciple of Saints Cyril and Methodius and is often associated with the creation of the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets, especially their popularisation among...
in Skopje was completed. Along with other cultural monuments the 11th and 12th century churches of Western medieval thema Bulgaria
History of Bulgaria
The history of Bulgaria spans from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin. The first traces of human presence on what is today Bulgaria date from 44,000 BC...
are famous throughout the world, characterized by unique architecture and priceless frescoes and icons.
Monuments of Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
ic culture such as mosques, bazaars and baths from the Ottoman Age
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
have been discovered. In the 14th century, Skopje was described as being an important trading center with its Old Bazaar, Covered Marketplace (Bezisten), the Kursumli An Caravanserai, Daut Pasha Baths and the Mustapha Pasha Mosque
Mustapha Pasha Mosque
Mustafa Pasha Mosque is a mosque located in the Old Bazaar of Skopje, Macedonia. It stands on a plateau above the old bazaar and is one of the most beautiful Islamic buildings in Macedonia. It was built in 1492 by Mustafa Pasha, vizier on the court of Sultan Selim I. The mosque is elegant and...
. Another important monument of Islamic culture in Vardar Macedonia is the Painted Mosque
Šarena Džamija
Šarena Džamija, meaning Decorated Mosque in English, is a mosque located near the Pena River in Tetovo, Macedonia. The mosque was originally built in 1438 and later rebuilt in 1833 by Abdurrahman Pasha.-History:...
in Tetovo
Tetovo
Tetovo is a city in the northwestern part of Macedonia, built on the foothills of Šar Mountain and divided by the Pena River.The city covers an area of at above sea level, with a population of 86,580 citizens in the municipality. Tetovo is home to the State University of Tetovo and South East...
. A large number of monuments were erected after the liberation of the city. One of the most interesting monuments erected following the region's liberation is the memorial devoted to the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising
Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising
The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising or simply the Ilinden Uprising of August 1903 |Macedonia]] affected most of the central and southwestern parts of the Monastir Vilayet receiving the support mainly of the local Bulgarian peasants and to some extent of the Aromanian population of the region...
in Kruševo
Kruševo
Kruševo also spelled Krushevo, is a town in the Republic of Macedonia. It is the highest town in Macedonia, situated at an altitude of over 4,000 feet above sea level. The town of Kruševo is the seat of Kruševo Municipality.-History:...
. Other memorials renowned for their beauty and expressiveness can be found in Prilep
Prilep
Prilep is the fourth largest city in the Republic of Macedonia. It has a population of 66,246 citizens. Prilep is known as "the city under Marko's Towers" because of its proximity to the towers of Prince Marko.-Name:...
, Kumanovo
Kumanovo
Kumanovo is a city in the Republic of Macedonia and is the seat of Kumanovo Municipality which is the largest municipality in the country. Municipal institutions include a city council, mayor and other administrative bodies.-Name:...
, Veles
Veles (city)
Veles is a city in the center of the Republic of Macedonia on the Vardar river. The city of Veles is the seat of Veles Municipality.-Name:The city's name was Vylosa in Ancient Greek and before the Balkan Wars, it was a township with the name Köprülü in the Üsküp sandjak, Ottoman empire for 600...
and Štip
Štip
Štip is the largest urban agglomeration in the eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia, serving as the economic, industrial, entertainment and educational focal point for the surrounding municipalities. As of the 2002 census, the Štip municipality alone had a population of about 47,796...
.
Art
The founders of modern Macedonian painting included Lazar Licenovski, Nikola Martinoski, Dimitar Pandilov, and Vangel KodzomanVangel Kodzoman
-External links:*...
. They were succeeded by an exceptionally talented and fruitful generation, consisting of Borka Lazeski, Dimitar Kondovski
Dimitar Kondovski
Dimitar Kondovski was a Macedonian painter, critic and professor at Pedagogical Academy in Skopje. He was born in Prilep and studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Belgrade. He was a member of the groups "Today" and "Dawn". He lived and worked in Skopje. With modern art statement, he in his...
, Petar Mazev
Petar Mazev
Petar Mazev was a Macedonian painter.He graduated from the Academy of arts in Belgrade, Socialist Republic of Serbia in 1953. He was a member of the artistic group "Mugri"...
who are now deceased, and Rodoljub Anastasov and many others who are still active. Vasko Taskovski's work was presented to the Paris public in 1992 with an imposing exhibition and auction of about 100 works. Vangel Naumovski, who was long classified by art historians as a Naive artist, is well known for his Ohridska Porta Gallery, as well as for the original world of his paintings.
Contemporary Macedonian artists include Aleksandar Stankovski, Zhaneta Vangeli, Maja Dzhartovska, and Gordana Apostolovska who all use various styles.
In addition to Dimo Todorovski
Dimo Todorovski
Dimo Todorovski , , was a prominent Macedonian artist and a first generation Macedonian sculptor. His works are part of the national collection of the Museum of Contemporary Art in Skopje. During his life he realized a number of sculptures of different formats, portraits, and many public monuments...
, who is considered to be the founder of modern Macedonian sculpture, the works of Petar Hadzi Boskov
Petar Hadzi Boskov
Petar Hadzi Boskov is a Macedonian sculptor.He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Ljubljana in 1953 as a disciple of the sculptors Boris Kalin and Zdenko Kalin . On his return to Skopje he began to exhibit sculptures, prints and drawings conceived according to his mentors' poetic...
, Boro Mitrikeski, Novak Dimitrovski and Tome Serafimovski are also outstanding. The Museum of Contemporary Art and the Art Gallery in the Daut Pasha Baths are considered the best galleries. In 1993 there were 413 exhibitions visited by over 240,000 people, 12 artists' colonies with 120 participants, of whom 40 were foreign painters and sculptors.
Cinema
The history of film making in the Republic of MacedoniaRepublic of Macedonia
Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
dates back over 110 years. The first film to be produced on the territory of the present-day the country was made in 1895 by Janaki and Milton Manaki
Manakis brothers
The brothers Ianachia and Milton Manachia were pioneering photographers and filmmakers in the Balkans. In 1905 they filmed the first motion pictures in the Balkans in Ottoman Monastir...
in Bitola
Bitola
Bitola is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. The city is an administrative, cultural, industrial, commercial, and educational centre. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba and Nidže mountains, 14 km north of the...
. From then, continuing the present, Macedonian film makers, in Macedonia and from around the world, have been producing many films.
Throughout the past century, the medium of film has depicted the history, culture and everyday life of the Macedonian people.Over the years many Macedonian films have been presented at film festivals around the world and several of these films have won prestigious awards. The most famous Macedonian director is Milčo Mančevski
Milco Mancevski
Milcho Manchevski , usually credited as Milcho Manchevski, is a film director and screenwriter from Macedonia.-Biography:Milcho Manchevski wrote and directed the feature films "Before the Rain" , "Dust'" , Shadows" and "Mothers" , over 50 short forms, including “TENNESSEE” for Arrested Development...
, whose debut feature film Before the Rain
Before the Rain (film)
Before the Rain is a 1994 Macedonian film starring Katrin Cartlidge, Rade Šerbedžija, Grégoire Colin, and Labina Mitevska. It was directed and written by Milčo Mančevski. The music was created by the band Anastasia.-Plot:...
was nominated for an Academy Award. The highest grossing feature film in the Republic of Macedonia was Bal-Can-Can
Bal-Can-Can
Bal-Can-Can is a 2005 Macedonian–Italian joint production film about a deserter who travels throughout the Balkans as a political immigrant in search of his dead mother-in-law who is wrapped in a carpet.-Cast:-Reception:...
, having been seen by over 500,000 people in its first year alone.
Music
The Republic of Macedonia has an exceptionally rich musical heritage. The studies of Sotir Golabovski and OctoechosOctoechos
Oktōēchos is the name of the eight mode system used for the composition of religious chant in Syrian, Coptic, Byzantine, Armenian, Latin and Slavic churches since the middle ages...
concerning the tradition of Slavic Macedonian spiritual and church choir hymns are a significant contribution to Macedonian and Balkan cultural history. The Composer's Association of Macedonia currently has 60 members. After the 1st generation of modern Macedonian classical music, consisting of Trajko Prokopiev, Todor Skalovski
Todor Skalovski
Todor Skalovski was a famous Macedonian composer, chorus and orchestra conductor....
, Stefan Gajdov, Petre Bogdanov Kocko and Zivko Firfov, came the work of the composers Kiril Makedonski
Kiril Makedonski
Kiril Makedonski was a Macedonian composer. Born in Bitola, Macedonia, Makedonski studied music composition at the Zagreb Conservatory in Croatia. He is best known today for composing Goce , the first opera in the Macedonian language, which was commissioned for the inaugural performance of the...
, Gligor Smokvarski, Vlastimir Nikolovski, Toma Prosev
Toma Prošev
Toma Prošev is a Macedonian composer and professor.-Education:He completed his postgraduate studies at the Ljubljana Music Academy under Prof. L.M. Škerjanc and under Nadia Boulanger in Paris....
, Tomislav Zografski, Mihailo Nikolovski, Ljubomir Brangolica, Stojan Stojkov
Stojan Stojkov
Stojan Stojkov, born 1941, is a Macedonian composer and pedagogue. He completed his education on music at Belgrade Music Academy, where he graduated on the Department of Composition. Stojkov is author of numerous works of almost all genres and forms of music...
, Risto Avramovski, Tome Mancev, Dimitrije Bužarovski
Dimitrije Bužarovski
Dimitrije Bužarovski Ph.D. is a Macedonian composer, versatile artist and a scientist with interests in different fields: composition, musicology, computers and electronic music, performance, teaching and research ....
and Goce Kolarovski .
The Macedonian Philharmonic Orchestra, established in 1944 in the People's Republic of Macedonia, is the oldest cultural institution in the field of music. There are six chamber ensembles, such as Tanec
Tanec
Tanec is an eminent professional large folklore musical ensemble from Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. It is considered as an ambassador of the Macedonian folklore tradition worldwide.-History:...
, that represent the richness of Macedonian folklore and songs, and there are ten other folklore ensembles that are active. There are three professional and twenty amateur choirs. Each year about 50,000 people attend concerts of the Macedonian Philharmonic Orchestra and the various folk dance ensembles and other cultural and artistic associations. In addition to the concerts held as part of the Ohrid Summer Festival
Ohrid Summer Festival
The Ohrid summer Festival is a festival founded on 4 August 1961, always taking place between 12 July and 20 August in the city of Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia. It is financed by the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Macedonia and sponsors. The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the...
, an annual festival of classical music named Interfest was established in Bitola a few years ago. The Skopje Jazz Festival
Skopje Jazz Festival
The Skopje Jazz Festival is a jazz festival held in Skopje since 1982.It is an institution which had consistent growth in the 1980s, 1990s and continues to grow every year...
has become a highly prestigious music event. Many of the most renowned jazz groups and names in the world of jazz have taken part in the festival, and in concept and atmosphere, participants and critics consider it one of the most successful jazz festivals around the world.
Folk music is one of the most cherished areas of Macedonian culture, and several folk festivals take place each year. The oldest is Folkfest, held in Valandovo
Valandovo
Valandovo is a city in southeastern Republic of Macedonia.The city is the seat of Valandovo Municipality.-Ancient History:Evidence of life can be found beginning in the 10th-7th centuries B.C. There is a settlement known as Mal Konstantinopol dating from Roman times, and the life in the Middle...
, and most festivals have greater turnouts among Macedonian expatriates in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
. The Festival of Old Town Songs in Ohrid and the Ilinden Days of Folk Song in Bitola are events that celebrate traditional Macedonian songs. Mak-Fest in Stip and the Skopje Festival are the two best-known festivals of popular music in the Republic of Macedonia.
The rock group Leb i Sol
Leb i sol
Leb i sol is a Macedonian rock group founded in the 1970s by Vlatko Stefanovski , Bodan Arsovski , Nikola Kokan Dimuševski and Garabet Tavitjan . Tavitjan ceded the drumwork to Dragoljub Đuričić for some of the albums, while Kiril Džajkovski replaced Kokan on Kao Kakao and Putujemo...
, with its original music infusing traditional folk themes and rhythms with modern influence, has been active for over twenty years and has become widely known both inside and outside Macedonia.
Theater
There are 13 professional theaters in the Republic of Macedonia. From 1993-1994 1,596 performances were held in the newly formed republic, and more than 330,000 people attended. The Macedonian National Theatre (Drama, Opera and Ballet companies), the Drama Theatre, the Theatre of the Nationalities (Albanian and Turkish Drama companies) and the other theatre companies comprise about 870 professional actors, singers, ballet dancers, directors, playwrights, set and costume designers, etc. There is also a professional theatre for children and three amateur theatres. For the last thirty years a traditional festival of Macedonian Slav professional theatres has been taking place in Prilep in honor of Vojdan Cernodrinski, the founder of the modern Macedonian theatre. Each year a festival of amateur and experimental Macedonian theatre companies is held in KocaniKocani
Kočani is a town away from Skopje, situated in the Eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia, with population of 28 330. The town of Kočani is the seat of Kočani Municipality.-Geography and population:...
.
The word Karagöz
Karagiozis
Karagiozis or Karaghiozis is a shadow puppet and fictional character of Greek and Turkish folklore...
is a Turkish word literally meaning a black eye, but it is a specific type of theatre in the Republic of Macedonia as in many other Balkan countries. This picturesque, original and exceptionally popular theatre reached the Balkans
Balkans
The Balkans is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe...
from the Far East. Shifting slowly but surely from the Far East towards the Middle East, this type of theater went through a transformation as it was passed along from person to person through many cultures. The Karagoz Theater came to the Balkans together with the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
. In the history of the Macedonian culture the name of this theater was mentioned starting from the 11th, or at least the 14th century. A Turkish legend speaks about the origin of the construction of a large mosque in Bursa and its constructors among whom were two friends and storytellers known as Karagöz
Karagiozis
Karagiozis or Karaghiozis is a shadow puppet and fictional character of Greek and Turkish folklore...
and Hadzivat. Instead of working, they sat and told comical stories to the workers. Their performances were so attractive to their audience that the construction of the mosque completely stopped - the construction site instead became a theater. When the Sultan heard what had happened he became furious and ordered the execution of the two friends. Karagoz and Hadzivat were unable to escape their fate but the citizens of Bursa were overcome by grief at the loss of the two heroes. The Sultan realized his folly and tried to correct it by ordering the revival of the two men. Unable to actually give them life, the sultan kept them alive in the form of small, transparent puppets made of thin and colored skin. If they were to be placed in front of a white curtain with a burning candle behind it, they would dance as if they were alive and the sultan had redeemed himself.
Although this theatre includes a number of characters-puppets, its eminent theatricality emerges from the complex relation between its central masks of Karagoz and Hadzivat. Karagoz personifies an ordinary Greek
Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
in the Ottoman Empire. He is dressed simply as any other passers-by on the streets of Constantinople
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
. He speaks plainly and in a language common to the people. He is clever and stupid at the same time, naive and witty. Although he is as poor as a dog, he desires only to eat his bread in without distraction or interference. Equally important is his teasing his constantly angry enemy, whose name is Hadzivat and who is a little bit slow, but not necessarily stupid. Hadzivat speaks conceitedly using archaic words, pretending to be wise and in actuality being a boringly pedant, rigid, corruptible, opportunist who constantly emphasizes his aristocratic origin. Karagoz Theater is Turkish folk humor at its best. The famous Turkish traveler and diplomat, Evlija Celebija, traveled in the Balkans in the first half of the 17th century and wrote about his travels in ten books in which he discusses performances of Karagoz in Bosnia
Bosnia Province, Ottoman Empire
The Bosnia Vilayet was an Ottoman vilayet, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as most of Slavonia, Lika and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. It bordered Kosovo Vilayet to the south. Before the administrative reform in 1864, it was called the...
, Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
, and in the republic's capital Skopje
Skopje
Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre...
. Karagoz Theater was brought to the region by the Ottoman Turks and easily adapted to the new environment, existing for centuries up to the 1950s.
Male
The following is a list of male names taken from the 1996 Orthodox Calendar, published by the Holy Synod of the Macedonian Orthodox Church (contributed by Hristijan Delev). All are given in their RomanisedRomanisation of Macedonian
The Romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in the Macedonian language from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in...
version, but are presented in the alphabetical order of the Cyrillic script.
----
A
Avakum, Avram, Agapij, Adam, Aleksandar, Alimpij, Atanas, Angel, Angelarij, Andon,
Andrej, Angjelko, Antim, Antonij, Apostol, Ariton, Arsenij, Artemij, Arhangle, Atanasij
----
B
Blagoj, Blagun, Blazhe, Bogatin, Bogdan, Bogoja, Bogoljub, Bogomil, Bogoslav, Bozhidar, Bozhin, Bojan, Boris, Boshko, Branimir, Branslav, Branko
----
V
Vangel, Varnava, Vasil, Veljan, Venijamin, Veselin, Vidoe, Vikentij, Vladimir, Vlastimir
----
G
Gavril, Georgij, Gerasim, Gligor, Gligorij, Gorazd, Goran, Gorjan, Goce, Grigor, Grigorij, Grozdan
----
D
David, Damaskin, Damjan, Danail, Dejan, Deljan, Despot, Dimitar, Dimitrij, Diogen, Dobre, Dojchin, Doksim, Doncho, Dorotej, Dragan, Dukdin, Dushan
----
GJ
Gjerasim, Gjero, Gjoko, Gjore, Gjoshe, Gorgjija, Gjorche, Gjuro, Gjurchin, Gjurshin
----
E
Evgenij, Elisie, Erazmo, Eremija, Efimij, Emanuel
----
ZH
Zharko, Zhelimir, Zhivko, Zhivorad
----
Z
Zafir, Zaharie, Zdravko, Zlatan, Zlatko, Zograf, Zoran
----
DZ
Dzvezdan, Dzvonko
----
I
Ivan, Ignat, Ignatij, Igor, Ilarion, Ilija, Inokentij, Iraklij, Irinej, Isaija, Isidor, Ice
----
J
Jakim, Jakov, Janaki, Jane, Joanikij, Joakim, Jovan, Jonko, Jordan, Josif
----
K
Kalistrat, Kiprijan, Kiril, Kitan, Kliment, Kozma, Konstantin, Kostadin, Krale, Krste, Kuzman
----
L
Lavrentij, Lazar, Lambe, Leonid, Leontie, Lefter, Luka
----
LJ
Ljube, Ljuben, Ljubomir, Ljupcho, Ljudmil
----
M
Makaraie, Makedon, Maksim, Manoil, Manol, Manojlo, Marin, Marko, Matea, Matej, Metodij, Miladin, Mile, Mirko, Miron, Miroslav, Misail, Mitan, Mitre, Mihail, Mladen, Mojsej, Mojsie
----
N
Najden, Nase, Naste, Natanail, Naum, Nace, Nakje, Neven, Nedelko, Nektarij, Noefit, Nestor, Nikanor, Nikita, Nikifor, Nikodim, Nikola, Novak, Nove
----
O
Ognen, Ordan, Orce
----
P
Pavle, Pandil, Pane, Pantelejmon, Panche, Partenij, Paskal, Pahomij, Pejko, Petar, Petko, Pimen, Plamencho, Polikarp, Prodan, Projko, Prokopij, Prohor
----
R
Radovan, Radomir, Radoslav, Razmo, Rajko, Rangel, Ranko, Rastko Ratko, Ratomir, Rafael, Ristan, Riste, Rodoljub, Romil, Ruse, Rusomir
----
S
Save, Sazdan, Samoil, Sande, Sarafil, Sare, Sasho, Svetislav, Svetozar, Svetolik, Svetomir, Serafim, Siljan, Simon, Slave, Slavoljub, Slobodan, Smile, Solunche, Sofronija, Spasen, Spiridon, Srebre, Sreten, Stamen, Stefan, Stojan
----
T
Tanas, Tase, Tashko, Temelko, Teodor, Teodosij, Teofan, Teofil, Teofilakt, Timotej, Tihomir, Trajan, Todor, Trifun, Trpe
----
KJ
Kjire, Kjirko
----
F
Fidan, Filimon, Filip, Firfo, Flore, Fotij
----
H
Hranislav, Hristijan, Hristo, Hristifor
----
C
Cane, Cvetan
----
CH
Chaslav, Chedo, Chedomir
----
SH
Shane, Shishko
----
Female
The following is a list of female names taken from the 1996 Orthodox Calendar, published by theHoly Synod of the Macedonian Orthodox Church (contributed by Hristijan Delev). Names are presented in their Romanised form though the alphabetical order is based on the local Cyrillic script.
----
A
Agnija, Aleksandra, Alisija, Ana, Anja, Anamarija, Anastasija, Angela, Angelina, Angja, Andjela, Anisija, Arsenija, Atanasija
----
B
Bebcena, Biljana, Bisera, Bistra, Blagica, Blagorodna, Blaguna, Blazhena, Bogdana, Bogoslava, Bozhana, Bozhidarka, Bojana, Borjana, Bosilka
----
V
Valentina, Vangelija, Vangja, Vanka, Varvara, Vasa, Vasilija, Vasilka, Velika, Veljana, Vera, Veronika, Vesela, Vesna, Veta, Vida, Vita, Vishna, Vosreksija, Vrosinka, Viktorija
----
G
Gajtana, Galena, Gena, Gerasimka, Gina, Glikerija, Gordana, Gorica, Gorjana, Grozda, Gulapka
----
D
Damjana, Dana, Danica, Daniela, Dara, Darinka, Dafina, Deva, Denica, Despina, Divna, Dimana, Dobrinka, Dominika, Donka, Dosta, Dragana, Dukadinka, Dushanka, Dushica,
----
GJ
Gjorgjivka, Gjurgjina, Gjurgja, Gjurgjica
----
E
Eva, Evangelija, Evgenija, Evlampija, Evpraksija, Evrosija, Evosina, Evtimija, Ekaterina, Ela, Elena, Elisaveta, Elizabeta, Efimija, Ema, Emilija
----
ZH
Zhivana, Zhivka
----
Z
Zagoarka, Zafirka, Zaharinka, Zdravka, Zlata, Zografka, Zoja, Zora, Zorana, Zorica
----
DZ
Dzvezda, Dzena, Dzuna
----
I
Ivana, Ilina, Ilindenka, Ina, Irina, Irena, Isidora, Iskra, Ica
----
J
Javorka, Jaglika, Jagnula, Jagoda, Jana, Jasna, Jelena, Jovana, Jovka, Jordana, Jordanka
----
K
Kalina, Kamenka, Karanfilka, Katerina, Katina, Kirana, Kira, Kiska, Kita, Klimentina, Konstantina, Kosara, Kostadinka, Krstana, Kruna, Ksenija, Kupenka
----
L
Lejla, Lenka, Lefterija, Lidija, Lila, Lina, Liljana, Lozanka
----
LJ
Ljuba, Ljubena, Ljubinka, Ljubica, Ljupka
----
M
Magdalena, Makedonka, Makrina, Marena, Marika, Marina, Marta, Matrona, Meglena, Melanija, Menka, Meri, Mileva, Milena, Milica, Milka, Mirjana, Miladinka, Milkana, Mila, Miroslava, Mitana, Mitrodora, Mitra, Mladenka, Marija, Mimoza, Monika, Mihaela
----
N
Nada, Nadja, Nedezhda, Najdenka, Nastasija, Naumka, Nevena, Neda, Nedelka, Nikodinka, Nikolna, Nadica
----
O
Ognena, Olga, Ordanka, Olivera
----
P
Pavlenka, Paca, Pantelejmona, Paraskeva, Pepa, Pauna, Pelagija, Pera, Perjana, Petkana, Petra, Petranka, Pisana, Plamenka, Planika, Pravoslavka, Prvenka
----
R
Rada, Radovanka, Radoslava, Razmenka, Rajka, Rajna, Rakita, Ratka, Ratomirka, Rafaela, Rahela, Reveka, Rina, Risimika, Ristosija, Ristana, Rodna, Rozalija, Rosa, Roska, Ruzha, Ruzhica, Rumena, Rusalina, Rusanka
----
S
Sava, Saveta, Savka, Sandra, Sara, Sarafilka, Sashka, Svetlana, Sena, Serafima, Simjana, Simona, Sinolichka, Slavenka, Slavjanka, Slavica, Slavka, Slobodanka, Smilja, Snezhana, Solzica, Solunka, Sonchica, Sonja, Sofija, Spasena, Spomenka, Srebra, Stamena, Stana, Stojanka, Stojmena, Stefanija, Stefanka, Suzana
----
T
Tajana, Tatijana, Tamara, Tana, Taska, Temenuga, Temjana, Teodora, Teodosija, Teofilka, Todorka, Tina, Trajana, Trena, Trendafilka, Trifunka, Trpana
----
KJ
Kjira, Kjirana
----
U
Ubavka
----
F
Fanija, Fidanka, Filimena, Fimka, Florinka, Fotina, Frosina
----
H
Hana, Hranislava, Helena, Hristina
----
C
Cana, Canka, Cveta, Cena, Cara, Ceca, Cona, Cola
----
CH
Chedomirka
----
SH
Shana
----
See also
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- CultureCultureCulture is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
- Cultural DiversityCultural diversityCultural diversity is having different cultures respect each other's differences. It could also mean the variety of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole...
- History of the Republic of MacedoniaHistory of the Republic of Macedonia- Ancient period :In antiquity, most of the territory that is now the Republic of Macedonia was included in the kingdom of Paeonia, which was populated by the Paeonians, a people of Thracian origins, but also parts of ancient Illyria and Dardania, inhabited by various Illyrian peoples, and...
- Sojuz na Izvidnici na MakedonijaSojuz na Izvidnici na MakedonijaSojuz na Izvidnici na Makedonija , the national Scouting organization of Macedonia, became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1997...
- Rahim BlakRahim BlakRahim Blak is a Macedonian contemporary artist in Kraków as well as a group of Polish artists who create work using the same pseudonym. Rahim is part of a group advocating the creation of the new Al-Fan Center of Islamic Culture that is planned to be built in Salwator...