Malinao, Aklan
Encyclopedia
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
. It is located on Panay Island
Panay Island
Panay is an island in the Philippines located in the western part of the Visayas. Politically, it is divided into five provinces: Aklan, Antique, Capiz, and Iloilo, all in the Western Visayas Region. It is located southeast of the island of Mindoro and northwest of Negros, separated by the...
, geographical location 122° 10' to 122° 19' East, 11° 40' to 10° 35' North. It has an area of 186.01 km². According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 23,699 people in 4,381 households.
Barangays
Malinao is politically subdivided into 23 barangayBarangay
A barangay is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward...
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History
Once an arrabal of the town of BangaBanga, Aklan
Banga is a fourth-class municipality in the province of Aklan, Philippines. This small town has repeatedly won national competitions for the "Most Beautiful Town" contests in the country. It is the site of the Aklan State University. the mayor was Antonio T...
to the east, Malinao's town leaders in the mid-18th century were able to submit a petition of separation direct to Manila that was approved. In addition, Malinao rose to prominence in Philippine history during the struggle against colonial rule under Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
at the end of the 19th century. Candido Iban, a resident of Malinao, was a member of the inner circle of the original Katipuneros directly under Andres Bonifacio
Andres Bonifacio
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro was a Filipino nationalist and revolutionary. He was a founder and later Supremo of the Katipunan movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the Philippine Revolution...
.
The placid Malinao river, from which the town is named, near its junction with the mighty Aklan river at the Santiago swimming hole
The people of Malinao are mainly of Malay stock. If we are to believe the legends that now pass as legitimate history, the Aklanons are descendants of the settlers who fled the oppressive rule of Makatunaw, Sultan of Brunei. Led by Datu Puti, ten datus settled in the plains of the island of Panay. The colonization by the Spaniards, the trading by the Chinese have infused new blood to the original Malay race into what are now the present people of Malinao.
There is no record of the history of Malinao until the 18th century. By this time, the area of what is now Malinao was part of the adjacent municipality of Banga. The Poblacion of Banga then was the Poblacion of Malinao today. In 1792, however, the town authorities transferred the Poblacion of Banga across the Aklan River at the foot of Manduyog Hill where it is presently located.
Some prominent families decided to remain in the 'old town' which was reduced to the status of barrio and named Malinao --- derived from the name of the placid river that traverses the western and southern portion of the area as it empties into the Aklan River.
The people who remained in Malinao led by Don Juan Nepomuceno agitated to separate the lands west of the Aklan River to form a new town with Malinao as its poblacion.
Malinao as a municipality came into being in the year 1796 with Don Casimiro Barrera as its first gobernadorcillo.
Little written history is known of Malinao in its early existence, except for church records on baptism which starts on the year 1796, the same year Malinao became a town. The Spanish decree on change family names for easy identification of inhabitants led to the assignment of the initial letter 'Y'/ 'I' for families originating from Malinao.
By the close of the 19th century, the political, economic and even the physical structure of Malinao conform to the classical colonial and feudal set-up existing throughout Christian Philippines. The layout of the Poblacion follows the classical Spanish town plan of the church facing the municipio with the plaza in between and streets laid out in grid pattern. The principalia partook of choice residential lots around the plaza. Their importance and influence reflected in the proximity of their lots to the center of power.
There was no concentration of land holdings by few families, unlike in other areas of the country. Original families in Malinao have their own pieces of land to work on. The land west of the Aklan River, because of its topography, must have escaped the encomienderos and hacienderos in the early part of Spanish colonization.
Despite its seeming ordinariness and unimportance in the national or provincial scheme of things, Malinao rose in prominence during the struggle against colonial rule at the end of the 19th century.
A native of Lilo-an, Malinao, Candido Iban was a member of the inner circle of the original Katipuneros directly under Andres Bonifacio. Candido Iban was the first overseas contract worker from Malinao, diving for pearls in Australia. As luck would have it, he won a considerable sum in a lottery and came back to Manila. He was befriended by Procopio Bonifacio the brother of Andres, and was inducted as a Katipunero by Andres in the caves of Montalban. The first printing press of the Katipunan was paid for the lottery winnings of Candido Iban.
Eventually in 1897, Candido Iban, together with Francisco Castillo, were sent to Aklan to organize the Katipunan in the Visayas. Barrio Lilo-an became the base of the katipunan. And in 1897, believing that the time was ripe for the start of the revolution, eighty-two (82) Katipuneros from Lilo-an marched to the Poblacion to persuade the local authorities to join the revolution. The uprising failed and the leaders captured. Candido Iban, Benito Iban and Gabino Yonsal were among the 19 Martyrs of Aklan executed by the Spanish authorities on March 23, 1897.
Candido Iban's monument located on the southeastern part of Malinao's plaza
Consistent with the Filipino trait of celebrating our defeats, a monument of Candido Iban and the failed uprising called El Levantamiento de los 82 de Lilo-an stands prominently beside the town hall.
The heroic tradition of Malinaonons surfaces at critical junctions of the nation's history. When the Japanese Imperial Army invaded the country during World War II, young men from Malinao were among the first to organize the guerilla movement in this part of the country. During the dark days of the Marcos dictatorship, many young Malinaonons took up arms to fight tyranny. Malinao has given many sons and daughters to the cause of freedom.
The leadership of the town since the Spanish regime always come from the leading families of the Poblacion. From Juan Nepomuceno in 1792 to Joji Ilio in 2001, this leadership reflect the political and economic clout of the leading families. Leaders were appointed by Spanish authorities during the Spanish period. When democratic election were started during the American colonial regime, the leading families divided into two factions, each vying for leadership of the town. Whether it is the Nationalista Party or Liberal Party, KBL or Laban, Puersa ng Masa or Lakas, these politicos come from these two factions.
As a 5th class municipality, Malinao is relatively prosperous. The incidence of poverty is not as pronounced as in other areas of the country where land holdings are concentrated in few individuals. As a consequence of the relatively egalitarian land distribution in the town, education became a route to further rise in the standard of living. Lack of employment opportunities led to migration to urban centers and abroad. Still, remittances from outside Malinao constitute a major portion of the town's income. A survey of the Poblacion shows that more than two-thirds (2/3) of households have family members working abroad.
Malinao has the capacity to transform into a progressive town. Its resources and its people are strong foundation of a bright future.
1 An excellent account in verse of this legend is found in the book Madia-as by a Malinaonon, D.I. Ilio
2 A tale revolves around a banquet where prominent personalities of Banga were invited and under the pretext of getting facsimiles of their signatures on a blank sheet of paper for posterity's sake, the guests under the influence of liquor unwittingly approved a resolution granting the separation of Malinao from Banga.
3 A novel, Guerilla Memoirs, by Dominador I. Ilio, is a good account of the guerilla movement.