Mallow, County Cork
Encyclopedia
Mallow is the "Crossroads of Munster
Munster
Munster is one of the Provinces of Ireland situated in the south of Ireland. In Ancient Ireland, it was one of the fifths ruled by a "king of over-kings" . Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into a number of counties for administrative and judicial purposes...

" and the administrative capital of north County Cork
County Cork
County Cork is a county in Ireland. It is located in the South-West Region and is also part of the province of Munster. It is named after the city of Cork . Cork County Council is the local authority for the county...

, in Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...

. The Northern Divisional Offices of Cork County Council are located in the town.

Set deep in the Blackwater Valley
Munster Blackwater
The Blackwater or Munster Blackwater is a river which flows through counties Kerry, Cork, and Waterford in Ireland. It rises in the Mullaghareirk Mountains in County Kerry and then flows in an easterly direction through County Cork, through Mallow and Fermoy...

, Mallow was traditionally an agricultural market town but due to vast improvements in infrastructure, coupled with significant promotion and investment from the Mallow Town Council and the private sector
Private sector
In economics, the private sector is that part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the state...

, the town has become a thriving business town.

Name in Irish

The earliest form of the name is Magh nAla "plain swan", being Magh = Plain and Ala = Swan which was gradually elided
Elision
Elision is the omission of one or more sounds in a word or phrase, producing a result that is easier for the speaker to pronounce...

 to Mala. In the Anglicisation
Anglicisation
Anglicisation, or anglicization , is the process of converting verbal or written elements of any other language into a form that is more comprehensible to an English speaker, or, more generally, of altering something such that it becomes English in form or character.The term most often refers to...

 "Mallow", -ow originally represented a reduc
Vowel reduction
In phonetics, vowel reduction is any of various changes in the acoustic quality of vowels, which are related to changes in stress, sonority, duration, loudness, articulation, or position in the word , and which are perceived as "weakening"...

ed schwa
Schwa
In linguistics, specifically phonetics and phonology, schwa can mean the following:*An unstressed and toneless neutral vowel sound in some languages, often but not necessarily a mid-central vowel...

 sound, which is now however pronounced as a full vowel oʊ In 1975, Mala was among the first Irish placenames adopted by statute
Statutory Instrument
A Statutory Instrument is the principal form in which delegated or secondary legislation is made in Great Britain.Statutory Instruments are governed by the Statutory Instruments Act 1946. They replaced Statutory Rules and Orders, made under the Rules Publication Act 1893, in 1948.Most delegated...

, on the advice of the Placenames branch of the Ordnance Survey of Ireland.

In the Annals of the Four Masters
Annals of the Four Masters
The Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland or the Annals of the Four Masters are a chronicle of medieval Irish history...

, compiled in the 1630s, Magh nAla is misrepresented as Magh Eala, the Donegal
County Donegal
County Donegal is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Border Region and is also located in the province of Ulster. It is named after the town of Donegal. Donegal County Council is the local authority for the county...

-based authors being insufficiently familiar with Cork
County Cork
County Cork is a county in Ireland. It is located in the South-West Region and is also part of the province of Munster. It is named after the city of Cork . Cork County Council is the local authority for the county...

 places. P.W. Joyce
Patrick Weston Joyce
Patrick Weston Joyce was an Irish historian, writer and music collector, known particularly for his research in local place names of Ireland.-Biography:...

 in 1869 surmised that in Magh Ealla [sic], Ealla referred to the river Blackwater, and connected the name to the nearby barony of Duhallow
Duhallow
Duhallow is a barony located in the north-western part of County Cork, Ireland.- Legal context :Baronies were created after the Norman invasion as subdivisions of counties and were used for administration. Baronies continue to be regarded as officially defined units, but they are no longer used...

. Professor T. F. O'Rahilly
T. F. O'Rahilly
Thomas Francis O'Rahilly was an Irish scholar of the Celtic languages, particularly in the fields of Historical linguistics and Irish dialects. He was a member of the Royal Irish Academy.-Biography:He was born in Listowel, County Kerry, Ireland...

 in 1938 interpreted Magh Eala as "plain of the swans". This false etymology
False etymology
Folk etymology is change in a word or phrase over time resulting from the replacement of an unfamiliar form by a more familiar one. Unanalyzable borrowings from foreign languages, like asparagus, or old compounds such as samblind which have lost their iconic motivation are...

 remains widely cited and has caused resentment of the official Mala as being a gratuitous simplification of Magh Eala.

Of all the meanings for "Magh Ealla" in Gaelic, the true meaning of this name in English is Bright Mound, Magh meaning mound in English and geal in Irish means bright.It was from the colour of the bird that the swan got its name, literally meaning "Bright". Similarly so, " Mallow", ie. Magh Ealla, bright mound as the white limestone comes up through the earth on the Muddy Hill and also through the field at Bearforest and other places along the banks of the Blackwater. At the car park opposite the present Garda Garda station there was a limestone quarry plain to be seen up to the late 1960s and there was a lime burning kiln at the Muddy Hill and the remains of it can be seen to this day so therefore the true literal meaning of Mallow is simply,"Bright Mound" from the colour of the rock. The true meaning of the Anglicism of Mallow, however, is still unknown to both natives and foreigners

History

Evidence of pre-historic settlement is found in Beenalaght
Beenalaght
Beenalaght is an alignment of six standing stones located on a flat pasture in Reanthesure, 0.5km west of the village of Bweeng, County Cork, Ireland. It is 13.6km south-west of Mallow, on a hill to the west of the Mallow-Coachford Road...

 (13.6 km/8.5 miles south-west of Mallow), where an alignment
Stone row
A stone row , is a linear arrangement of upright, parallel megalithic standing stones set at intervals along a common axis or series of axes, usually dating from the later Neolithic or Bronze Age. Rows may be individual or grouped, and three or more stones aligned can constitute a stone row...

 of six standing stones lie on a hill to the west of the Mallow-Coachford
Coachford
Coachford is a village west of Cork City, in County Cork, Ireland. It is located on the north side of the River Lee. Coachford got its name from Áth an Chóiste as there used to be a narrow ford across a stream...

 Road. (grid ref: 485 873, Latitude: 52.035818N Longitude: 8.751181W)

During the Irish War of Independence, the town was the HQ of the North Cork Militia – known as North Cork Rifles. The town's RIC barracks was the only one captured nationwide during the war. In retaliation, several main street premises were subsequently torched by the British Army.

Mrs King, wife of Capt W H King, RIC
Royal Irish Constabulary
The armed Royal Irish Constabulary was Ireland's major police force for most of the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. A separate civic police force, the unarmed Dublin Metropolitan Police controlled the capital, and the cities of Derry and Belfast, originally with their own police...

 was killed during attempt to kill Capt King near Mallow Railway station. In retaliation, British military and Black and Tans
Black and Tans
The Black and Tans was one of two newly recruited bodies, composed largely of British World War I veterans, employed by the Royal Irish Constabulary as Temporary Constables from 1920 to 1921 to suppress revolution in Ireland...

 killed three railway workers-Patrick Devitt, Daniel Mullane and Bennett. The murders prompted industrial action
Industrial action
Industrial action or job action refers collectively to any measure taken by trade unions or other organised labour meant to reduce productivity in a workplace. Quite often it is used and interpreted as a euphemism for strike, but the scope is much wider...

 by the National Railworkers Union in Britain and Ireland.

Natural occurrence of Radon gas

Some of the highest naturally occurring readings of Radon
Radon
Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as the decay product of uranium or thorium. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days...

 ever have been recorded in Mallow, prompting local fears regarding lung cancer.

Demography

The urban area has a population of 7,864 (2006 census) and with improved road and rail since the mid 1980s, has developed significant student and worker commuter traffic with Cork city.

Economy

Mallow developed as a defensive settlement protecting an important ford on the River Blackwater. Mallow developed in the late 16th century as a plantation
Plantations of Ireland
Plantations in 16th and 17th century Ireland were the confiscation of land by the English crown and the colonisation of this land with settlers from England and the Scottish Lowlands....

 town. It has prospered throughout the centuries as a market town due to its rich agricultural hinterland. Irish states-men such as Thomas Davis and William O'Brien
William O'Brien
William O'Brien was an Irish nationalist, journalist, agrarian agitator, social revolutionary, politician, party leader, newspaper publisher, author and Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...

 were both born in Mallow in the 19th century. The main street in Mallow is called Davis St. (although commonly referred to as Main St.), and joins with William O'Brien St. outside Mallow Town Hall. At the point where Davis St. meets O'Brien St. there is a monument to J.J. Fitzgerald, a little-known local politician who was instrumental in establishing both Mallow Urban District Council and Cork County Council.

The town developed a significant industrial base in the early 20th century, based largely on its agricultural capability, with dairy produce and sugar beet supplying the Sugar Factory, Rowntree Macintosh, Bournes and Dairygold. Changes in the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...

 sugar subsidy programme resulted in the closure of the Sugar Beet factory in mid 2006, after 75 years continual production.

The development of Market Square (which contains both residential and commercial units) in 2006 effectively relocated the town centre.

Road

Mallow lies at the convergence of several important routes:
  • National Primary Route 20 (N20
    N20 road
    The N20 road is a national primary road in Ireland, connecting the cities of Cork and Limerick. Buttevant, Croom, Charleville, Mallow and Blarney are major towns along the route...

    ) north-south road
    Roads in Ireland
    The island of Ireland, comprising Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, has an extensive network of tens of thousands of kilometres of public roads, usually surfaced. These roads have been developed and modernised over centuries, from trackways suitable only for walkers and horses, to...

     between Cork
    Cork (city)
    Cork is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland and the island of Ireland's third most populous city. It is the principal city and administrative centre of County Cork and the largest city in the province of Munster. Cork has a population of 119,418, while the addition of the suburban...

     (35 km) and Limerick (70 km)
  • National Secondary Route 72 (N72
    N72 road (Ireland)
    The N72 road is a national secondary road in Ireland that runs east-west from its junction with the N25 near Dungarvan in County Waterford to the N70 in Killorglin in County Kerry....

    ) east-west between Dungarvan
    Dungarvan
    Dungarvan is a town and harbour on the south coast of Ireland in the province of Munster. Dungarvan is the county town and administrative centre of County Waterford. The town's Irish name means "Garbhan's fort", referring to Saint Garbhan who founded a church there in the seventh century...

     (51.5 km) and Killarney
    Killarney
    Killarney is a town in County Kerry, southwestern Ireland. The town is located north of the MacGillicuddy Reeks, on the northeastern shore of the Lough Lein/Leane which are part of Killarney National Park. The town and its surrounding region are home to St...

     (41.5 km)
  • National Secondary Route 73 (N73
    N73 road (Ireland)
    The N73 road is a national secondary road in Ireland. It is made up entirely of single carriageway with few overtaking opportunities and only a small amount of hard shoulder.-Route:...

    ) northeast to Mitchelstown and the M8 motorway
    M8 motorway (Ireland)
    The M8 motorway is an inter-urban motorway in Ireland, which forms part of the road from the capital - Dublin - to Cork city. The 149 km motorway commences in the townland of Aghaboe, County Laois and runs through the counties of Kilkenny, North Tipperary, South Tipperary and Limerick,...

     (21 km)

Air

The nearest airports are Cork Airport (42.5 km) and Shannon Airport
Shannon Airport
Shannon Airport, is one of the Republic of Ireland's three primary airports along with Dublin and Cork. In 2010 around 1,750,000 passengers passed through the airport, making it the third busiest airport in the Republic of Ireland after Dublin and Cork, and the fifth busiest airport on the island...

 (59 km). There is also a flying club
Flying club
A flying club or aero club is a not for profit, member run organization that provides its members with affordable access to aircraft.Many clubs also provide flight training, flight planning facilities, pilot supplies and associated services, as well as organizing social functions, fly-ins and...

 at nearby Rathcoole
Rathcoole Aerodrome
Rathcoole Aerodrome is located in Rathcoole , west of Mallow , in County Cork , Ireland. This aerodrome is licensed by the Aeronautical Services Department of the Irish Aviation Authority. It is operated by the Rathcoole Flying Club.- Facilities :Rathcoole Aerodrome resides at an elevation is ...

. There is also a Helicopter Charter Company in nearby Dromahane.

Mallow Racecourse, now known as Cork Racecourse, became an emergency airfield on April 18, 1983, when a Mexican Gulfstream II business jet piloted by Captain Reuben Ocaña made a precautionary landing. A temporary tarmacadam runway of 910 m (3,000 ft) in length which was paid for by the plane's insurers was laid to enable the aircraft to leave five weeks later, whereas in the meantime Captain Ocaña became a local celebrity. On May 23, 1983 just before the plane departed, the Captain said his farewell to the people of Ireland in the Irish language, forever endearing himself to the nation. The runway was subsequently utilised for parking during race meets and was a popular facility for learner driving. Light aircraft have occasionally landed at the racecourse on the grass area. The F3A World Model Aircraft Aerobatic Championship was held there in 2001.

Rail

The Mallow railway viaduct
Viaduct
A viaduct is a bridge composed of several small spans. The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via for road and ducere to lead something. However, the Ancient Romans did not use that term per se; it is a modern derivation from an analogy with aqueduct. Like the Roman aqueducts, many early...

 which straddles the Blackwater, commonly known as the "Ten Arch Bridge", was bombed and destroyed during the Irish Civil War
Irish Civil War
The Irish Civil War was a conflict that accompanied the establishment of the Irish Free State as an entity independent from the United Kingdom within the British Empire....

. It was rapidly rebuilt in girder form due to its importance in connecting the Cork
Cork (city)
Cork is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland and the island of Ireland's third most populous city. It is the principal city and administrative centre of County Cork and the largest city in the province of Munster. Cork has a population of 119,418, while the addition of the suburban...

, Tralee and Dublin lines. An additional line east through Fermoy
Fermoy
Fermoy is a town in County Cork, Ireland. It is situated on the River Blackwater in the south of Ireland. Its population is some 5,800 inhabitants, environs included ....

 and Lismore
Lismore, County Waterford
Lismore is a town in County Waterford, Ireland. It is located where the N72 road crosses the River Blackwater.-History:It was founded by Saint Mochuda, also known as Saint Carthage. In the 7th century, Lismore was the site of the well-known Lismore Abbey. It is also home to Lismore Castle, the...

 to the Waterford
Waterford
Waterford is a city in the South-East Region of Ireland. It is the oldest city in the country and fifth largest by population. Waterford City Council is the local government authority for the city and its immediate hinterland...

 South station closed in 1967. Mallow railway station
Mallow railway station
Mallow railway station is located in Annabella, just outside Mallow, in north County Cork. It is two miles from Cork racecourse.Mallow station is located just north of the junction between the lines from Cork and Tralee. It has three platforms, which are all through platforms. It is both a commuter...

 opened on 17 March 1849.

Sport

Founded in 1882, Mallow Rugby Club is one of the oldest rugby clubs in the country and one of the predominant sporting clubs in the area.

The towns association football club, Mallow United Football Club
Mallow United F.C.
Mallow United F.C. is an Irish football club currently playing in the Munster Senior League First Division.-Honours:*Munster Senior League**Junior First Division Champions 07/08**Junior Super Cup Winners 08/09-Current squad:...

, was founded in 1926 and fields senior, junior, schoolboy, and schoolgirl soccer teams in the Munster Leagues.

Mallow Golf Club, founded in 1947, is located just outside Mallow and has 18 holes.

The local racecourse, now renamed "Cork Racecourse at Mallow", plays host to large horse racing
Horse racing
Horse racing is an equestrian sport that has a long history. Archaeological records indicate that horse racing occurred in ancient Babylon, Syria, and Egypt. Both chariot and mounted horse racing were events in the ancient Greek Olympics by 648 BC...

 events.

Mallow GAA
Mallow GAA
Mallow GAA is a Gaelic football and hurling club based in the town of Mallow, Cork, Ireland. The club plays in Cork GAA competitions, and is part of the Avondhu divisional board.-Roll of honour:* Cork Senior Hurling Championship Runners-Up 1928...

 is the town's GAA
Gaelic Athletic Association
The Gaelic Athletic Association is an amateur Irish and international cultural and sporting organisation focused primarily on promoting Gaelic games, which include the traditional Irish sports of hurling, camogie, Gaelic football, handball and rounders...

 club.

Mallow has a cinema as well as other community amenities such The Youth Centre as well a nearby swimming pool. It also has several gyms and a driving range situated a few kilometres from the town centre.

The town also has several pubs and night clubs to cater to every demographic.

People

  • Birthplace of Thomas Osborne Davis (1814
    1814 in Ireland
    -Events:*Apprentice Boys of Derry organisation is formed, although the Siege of Derry had been celebrated from the 17th century.-Births:*10 January - Aubrey Thomas de Vere, poet and critic .*9 May - John Brougham, actor and dramatist ....

     – 1845
    1845 in Ireland
    -Events:*Devon Commission reports to the British government on the poor living conditions of the Irish population: "in many districts their only food is the potato"....

    ), nationalist, politician, author, poet and patriot. Author of the famous Irish rebel song "A Nation Once Again
    A Nation Once Again
    "A Nation Once Again" is a song, written in the early to mid-1840s by Thomas Osborne Davis . Davis was a founder of an Irish movement whose aim was the independence of Ireland....

    ".
  • Birthplace of William O'Brien
    William O'Brien
    William O'Brien was an Irish nationalist, journalist, agrarian agitator, social revolutionary, politician, party leader, newspaper publisher, author and Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...

     (1852
    1852 in Ireland
    -Events:*January 5 The troopship Birkenhead boarded British Army recruits at Queenstown. It had insufficient lifeboats.*February 26 The Birkenhead foundered...

     – 1928
    1928 in Ireland
    -Events:*January 29 - In Belfast, members of the nationalist opposition protest at the Ulster Unionist Party government's plan to abolish Proportional representation.*January 31 - The outgoing Governor-General, T. M. Healy leaves the Vice-Regal Lodge...

    ), nationalist, journalist, agrarian agitator, social revolutionary, politician, party leader, newspaper publisher and author.
  • Birthplace of Seán Sherlock
    Seán Sherlock
    Seán Sherlock is an Irish Labour Party politician. He has been a Teachta Dála for Cork East since May 2007, and is the Minister of State for Research and Innovation.-Early life:...

     (Labour Party
    Labour Party (Ireland)
    The Labour Party is a social-democratic political party in the Republic of Ireland. The Labour Party was founded in 1912 in Clonmel, County Tipperary, by James Connolly, James Larkin and William X. O'Brien as the political wing of the Irish Trade Union Congress. Unlike the other main Irish...

     TD
    Teachta Dála
    A Teachta Dála , usually abbreviated as TD in English, is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas . It is the equivalent of terms such as "Member of Parliament" or "deputy" used in other states. The official translation of the term is "Deputy to the Dáil", though a more literal...

    ) for Cork East Constituency, elected to Dáil Éireann
    Dáil Éireann
    Dáil Éireann is the lower house, but principal chamber, of the Oireachtas , which also includes the President of Ireland and Seanad Éireann . It is directly elected at least once in every five years under the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote...

     2007 General Election.
  • Donovan
    Donovan
    Donovan Donovan Donovan (born Donovan Philips Leitch (born 10 May 1946) is a Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist. Emerging from the British folk scene, he developed an eclectic and distinctive style that blended folk, jazz, pop, psychedelia, and world music...

     (singer)
  • John Hogan
    John Hogan (Missouri)
    John Hogan was a United States Representative from Missouri. Born in Mallow, County Cork, Ireland, he immigrated to the United States in 1817 and settled in Baltimore...

     (1805–1892) was a United States Representative from Missouri
    Missouri
    Missouri is a US state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. With a 2010 population of 5,988,927, Missouri is the 18th most populous state in the nation and the fifth most populous in the Midwest. It...

     born in Mallow.
  • Ancestral home of US Congressman Tip O'Neill
    Tip O'Neill
    Thomas Phillip "Tip" O'Neill, Jr. was an American politician. O'Neill was an outspoken liberal Democrat and influential member of the U.S. Congress, serving in the House of Representatives for 34 years and representing two congressional districts in Massachusetts...

  • Joe Lynch (Actor)
  • Elaine Crowley, TV3
    TV3 Ireland
    TV3 is a free-to-air commercial television network in the Republic of Ireland. Launched on 20 September 1998 it was Ireland's first commercial broadcaster. The channel is owned by TV3 Group a subsidiary of Doughty Hanson & Co.-The TV3 Group:...


Twin towns — Sister cities

Mallow is twinned
Town twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...

 with the towns of
  • Tinley Park
    Tinley Park, Illinois
    Tinley Park is a village located primarily in Cook County, Illinois, United States with a small portion in Will County. The population was 48,401 at the 2000 census, and 58,322 in the 2007 census. It is one of the fastest growing suburbs south of Chicago...

     in the United States
    United States
    The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

  • Tréguier
    Tréguier
    Tréguier is a port town in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany in northwestern France. It is the capital of the province of Trégor.-Geography:Tréguier is located 36 m. N.W. of Saint-Brieuc by road. The port is situated about 5½ m...

     in France
    France
    The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...


See also

  • Metropolitan Cork
    Metropolitan Cork
    Metropolitan Cork is an unofficial term which refers to the city of Cork, Ireland, its suburbs and the satellite towns that surround it. The term was used in the Cork Area Strategic Plan to refer to the area whose labour and property market is shared with the city...

  • List of towns and villages in Ireland
  • Mallow (Parliament of Ireland constituency)
    Mallow (Parliament of Ireland constituency)
    Mallow was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons until 1800 and was incorporated by Charter of 1613, with a further charter of 1689. It was a manor borough, the franchise being vested in the freeholders of the manor and the returning officer its Seneschal...

  • The Corkman
    The Corkman
    The Corkman is a weekly Irish newspaper.It is part of the Corkman Group and based in Mallow. The Kerryman is very similar to The Corkman, and focuses on the same topics. It is owned by the Independent News & Media group. The current editor is Brendan Malone...


External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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