Mining in Mauritania
Encyclopedia
Mauritania’s
mineral sector was dominated by iron ore mining
and benefciation. Other mineral commodities produced in the country included cement
, copper
, gold
, gypsum
, petroleum
, salt
, and steel
. The Ministère des Mines et de l’Industrie was the Government agency responsible for enacting the Mining Code and for the coordination of all activities in the mining sector. The Direction des Mines et de la Géologie was the entity responsible for promoting the mineral sector and for providing geologic and mining information to potential investors; the Direction des Hydrocarbures was in charge of the development of the petroleum sector; and the Offce Mauritanien des Recherches Géologiques was the Government entity responsible for evaluating areas of mineral potential for exploration. Société Nationale Industrielle et Minière (SNIM) was responsible for iron ore production and benefciation.
In 2007, the total value of exports from Mauritania was estimated to be about $1.5 billion. Excluding fish exports, which amounted to $254 million, all the main export categories were either mining or hydrocarbon products. Iron ore exports, which were valued at $575 million, represented about 38% of the country’s total exports; crude oil exports were valued at $339 million and accounted for 23%; copper exports were valued at $184 million and accounted for about 13%; and gold exports were valued at $59 million and accounted for 4% of total exports.
All mineral commodity production increased during the year with the exception of crude petroleum, which decreased by about 51% to 5487000 barrels (872,363,287.7 l) compared with 11168000 barrels (1,775,570,110.6 l) in 2006. Cement production increased by 14.6% to 409,513 metric tons (t) compared with a revised 357,239 t in 2006. Gypsum production increased by 8.9%; iron ore production, by 6.8%; salt production, by about 35.5%; and
crude steel production, by about 4.2%. The sharp increase in copper and gold production was owing to the opening of the Guelb-Moghrein Mine in late 2006.
Mining, which was one of the country’s most important sectors to the national economy, contributed about 12% of the gross domestic product
(gdP) and represented more than one-half of the country’s export earnings in 2005. according to the Ministère des Mines et de l’industrie (MMi), the development, diversification, and promotion of the mining sector have become the government’s priority in recent years. the number of foreign companies applying for prospecting licenses was increasing, and projects were at various stages ranging from grassroots exploration to mine development.
activities in the mining sector. the direction des Mines et de la géologie was the entity responsible for promoting the mineral sector and for providing geologic and mining information to potential investors; the direction des Hydrocarbures was in charge of the development of the petroleum sector; and the Office Mauritanien des recherches géologiques was the government entity responsible for evaluating areas of mineral potential for exploration. Société nationale industrielle et Minière (SniM) was responsible for iron ore production and beneficiation. the company operated a mining center at the northern town of Zouerate, three open pit iron ore mines at guelb el rhein, Kedia d’idjill, and M’Haoudat in northern Mauritania, port facilities at nouadhi on the Atlantic coast
, and a railway that linked the mining center to the port facilities.
produced its first copper in concentrate from the guelb Moghrein copper-gold mine in July 2006; commercial production began in October 2006. the guelb Moghrein Mine is located in the inchiri region near the town of akjoujt about 250 kilometers (km) northeast of nouakchott. the mine was expected to reach its designed capacity of 30,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of
copper concentrate by the first half of 2007. Measured and indicated resources at guelb Moghrein were reported to be 23.7 Mt. First Quantum held an 80% interest in the mine, and guelb Moghrein Mines d’akjoujt S.a. held the remaining 20%.
-quartzite
of about 701 Mt compared with the 450 Mt previously reported by the company. SiL expected to complete the bankable feasibility study by the second quarter of 2007, to begin construction work by 2008, and to produce the first dri pellets by the second half of 2010. the life of the mine was projected to be 30 years.
During the second quarter of 2006, Saudi Basic industries Corp. through its wholly owned subsidiary Saudi iron and Steel
Company (Hadeed), and Qatar Steel Company (QaSCO) invested about $22 million in SiL as part of a new strategic iron ore partnership under which Hadeed and QaSCO were to secure a source of high-grade dri pellets as feed for their respective steel plants. in addition to working on the guelb el aouj project, SiL completed a reconnaissance diamond-drilling program for the tintekrate Bou derga deposits, which are located in the southern part of the area that makes up guelb el aouj. the envisioned mine will make use of SniM’s existing iron ore railway and port infrastructure.
from the Chinguetti oilfield in February 2006. the Chinguetti oilfield was owned by a consortium of companies that included Bg group plc, Hardman resources Ltd., Premier Oil plc, roc Oil Ltd., government-owned Société Mauritanienne de Hydrocarbures, and Woodside Petroleum Ltd. Petroleum production from the Chinguetti field was expected to average 75000 oilbbl/d. the first 1000000 barrels (158,987,295 l) produced were shipped to international united Petroleum & Chemicals Co. Ltd. of the People's Republic of China
, which was the trading arm of China Petroleum and Chemical Corp. Petroleum reserves at Chinguetti were estimated to be 120000000 barrels (19,078,475,400 l). Companies exploring for petroleum in the country during 2006 included Baraka Petroleum Ltd. of Australia
in joint venture with CnPC international Ltd. of China, which planned to drill the Heron-1 well, and dana Petroleum plc of the United Kingdom
, which on December 5 announced the discovery of petroleum at its offshore aigrette-1 exploration well in Block 7.
during the year. Perth
-based Murchison united nL was granted five uranium exploration licenses covering an area of 6,766 square kilometers (km2) in Bin en nar and in Bir Moghrein and was awaiting approval of three other uranium exploration licenses by the government. the company conducted ground reconnaissance work to perform detailed radiometric studies on five anomalies. the results of these studies were yet to be analyzed as of yearend. On November 8, 2006, alba Mineral resources plc (alba) of the united Kingdom acquired a 50% interest in Mauritania ventures Limited (MvL). MvL held two uranium exploration licenses in northern Mauritania. alba applied for a third exploration license in the northern part of the country and for gold and base-metal exploration licenses covering an area of about 6,000 km2 located near the uranium exploration properties. alba also applied for an additional five copper-gold-iron oxide permits in the southern part of the country.
Mauritania
Mauritania is a country in the Maghreb and West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest...
mineral sector was dominated by iron ore mining
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock...
and benefciation. Other mineral commodities produced in the country included cement
Cement
In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed...
, copper
Copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish...
, gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
, gypsum
Gypsum
Gypsum is a very soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is found in alabaster, a decorative stone used in Ancient Egypt. It is the second softest mineral on the Mohs Hardness Scale...
, petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling...
, salt
Salt
In chemistry, salts are ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. They are composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically neutral...
, and steel
Steel
Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten...
. The Ministère des Mines et de l’Industrie was the Government agency responsible for enacting the Mining Code and for the coordination of all activities in the mining sector. The Direction des Mines et de la Géologie was the entity responsible for promoting the mineral sector and for providing geologic and mining information to potential investors; the Direction des Hydrocarbures was in charge of the development of the petroleum sector; and the Offce Mauritanien des Recherches Géologiques was the Government entity responsible for evaluating areas of mineral potential for exploration. Société Nationale Industrielle et Minière (SNIM) was responsible for iron ore production and benefciation.
In 2007, the total value of exports from Mauritania was estimated to be about $1.5 billion. Excluding fish exports, which amounted to $254 million, all the main export categories were either mining or hydrocarbon products. Iron ore exports, which were valued at $575 million, represented about 38% of the country’s total exports; crude oil exports were valued at $339 million and accounted for 23%; copper exports were valued at $184 million and accounted for about 13%; and gold exports were valued at $59 million and accounted for 4% of total exports.
All mineral commodity production increased during the year with the exception of crude petroleum, which decreased by about 51% to 5487000 barrels (872,363,287.7 l) compared with 11168000 barrels (1,775,570,110.6 l) in 2006. Cement production increased by 14.6% to 409,513 metric tons (t) compared with a revised 357,239 t in 2006. Gypsum production increased by 8.9%; iron ore production, by 6.8%; salt production, by about 35.5%; and
crude steel production, by about 4.2%. The sharp increase in copper and gold production was owing to the opening of the Guelb-Moghrein Mine in late 2006.
Mining, which was one of the country’s most important sectors to the national economy, contributed about 12% of the gross domestic product
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living....
(gdP) and represented more than one-half of the country’s export earnings in 2005. according to the Ministère des Mines et de l’industrie (MMi), the development, diversification, and promotion of the mining sector have become the government’s priority in recent years. the number of foreign companies applying for prospecting licenses was increasing, and projects were at various stages ranging from grassroots exploration to mine development.
Structure of the Mineral Industry
The MMi was the government agency responsible for enacting the Mining Code and for the coordination of allactivities in the mining sector. the direction des Mines et de la géologie was the entity responsible for promoting the mineral sector and for providing geologic and mining information to potential investors; the direction des Hydrocarbures was in charge of the development of the petroleum sector; and the Office Mauritanien des recherches géologiques was the government entity responsible for evaluating areas of mineral potential for exploration. Société nationale industrielle et Minière (SniM) was responsible for iron ore production and beneficiation. the company operated a mining center at the northern town of Zouerate, three open pit iron ore mines at guelb el rhein, Kedia d’idjill, and M’Haoudat in northern Mauritania, port facilities at nouadhi on the Atlantic coast
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...
, and a railway that linked the mining center to the port facilities.
Copper
First Quantum Minerals Ltd. of CanadaCanada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
produced its first copper in concentrate from the guelb Moghrein copper-gold mine in July 2006; commercial production began in October 2006. the guelb Moghrein Mine is located in the inchiri region near the town of akjoujt about 250 kilometers (km) northeast of nouakchott. the mine was expected to reach its designed capacity of 30,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of
copper concentrate by the first half of 2007. Measured and indicated resources at guelb Moghrein were reported to be 23.7 Mt. First Quantum held an 80% interest in the mine, and guelb Moghrein Mines d’akjoujt S.a. held the remaining 20%.
Gold
First Quantum produced its first gold, which amounted to 322 kg, from the guelb Moghrein copper-gold mine in July 2006. the designed capacity of the mine was about 2,200 kilograms per year (kg/yr) of gold (reported as 70,000 troy ounces per year). Canada-based rio narcea gold Mines Ltd. continued to work on the development of the tasiast gold mine. Construction work, which was ongoing throughout 2006, was expected to be completed by the first half of 2007, with first production scheduled to begin shortly thereafter. in October, the company announced a revised mineral resource estimate of about 12 Mt at a grade of 2.7 grams per metric ton (g/t) gold compared with a previous resource estimate of about 8.9 Mt at a grade of 3.08 g/t gold. the mine was expected to produce about 3,300 kg/yr (reported as 105,000 troy ounces per year) during a period of 8 years. Projected capital expenditures for tasiast were $73 million.Iron ore
A three-stage bankable feasibility study for the development of the guelb el aouj iron ore project was underway during the year. Perth-based Sphere investments Ltd. of Australia (SiL) was to fund the first $11 million to earn a 50% interest in the project, which consisted of a 17-million-metric-ton-per-year (Mt/yr) iron ore open pit mine, and a 7-Mt/yr beneficiation and direct-reduced-iron (dri) pelletizing plant. a resource definition drilling campaign for the project, which was completed in 2006, outlined a new resource estimate yielding measured, indicated, and inferred resources of high-quality magnetiteMagnetite
Magnetite is a ferrimagnetic mineral with chemical formula Fe3O4, one of several iron oxides and a member of the spinel group. The chemical IUPAC name is iron oxide and the common chemical name is ferrous-ferric oxide. The formula for magnetite may also be written as FeO·Fe2O3, which is one part...
-quartzite
Quartzite
Quartzite is a hard metamorphic rock which was originally sandstone. Sandstone is converted into quartzite through heating and pressure usually related to tectonic compression within orogenic belts. Pure quartzite is usually white to gray, though quartzites often occur in various shades of pink...
of about 701 Mt compared with the 450 Mt previously reported by the company. SiL expected to complete the bankable feasibility study by the second quarter of 2007, to begin construction work by 2008, and to produce the first dri pellets by the second half of 2010. the life of the mine was projected to be 30 years.
During the second quarter of 2006, Saudi Basic industries Corp. through its wholly owned subsidiary Saudi iron and Steel
Steel
Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten...
Company (Hadeed), and Qatar Steel Company (QaSCO) invested about $22 million in SiL as part of a new strategic iron ore partnership under which Hadeed and QaSCO were to secure a source of high-grade dri pellets as feed for their respective steel plants. in addition to working on the guelb el aouj project, SiL completed a reconnaissance diamond-drilling program for the tintekrate Bou derga deposits, which are located in the southern part of the area that makes up guelb el aouj. the envisioned mine will make use of SniM’s existing iron ore railway and port infrastructure.
Petroleum
Mauritania began producing its first petroleumPetroleum
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling...
from the Chinguetti oilfield in February 2006. the Chinguetti oilfield was owned by a consortium of companies that included Bg group plc, Hardman resources Ltd., Premier Oil plc, roc Oil Ltd., government-owned Société Mauritanienne de Hydrocarbures, and Woodside Petroleum Ltd. Petroleum production from the Chinguetti field was expected to average 75000 oilbbl/d. the first 1000000 barrels (158,987,295 l) produced were shipped to international united Petroleum & Chemicals Co. Ltd. of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
, which was the trading arm of China Petroleum and Chemical Corp. Petroleum reserves at Chinguetti were estimated to be 120000000 barrels (19,078,475,400 l). Companies exploring for petroleum in the country during 2006 included Baraka Petroleum Ltd. of Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
in joint venture with CnPC international Ltd. of China, which planned to drill the Heron-1 well, and dana Petroleum plc of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, which on December 5 announced the discovery of petroleum at its offshore aigrette-1 exploration well in Block 7.
Uranium
At least two companies were exploring for uraniumUranium
Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons...
during the year. Perth
Perth, Western Australia
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia and the fourth most populous city in Australia. The Perth metropolitan area has an estimated population of almost 1,700,000....
-based Murchison united nL was granted five uranium exploration licenses covering an area of 6,766 square kilometers (km2) in Bin en nar and in Bir Moghrein and was awaiting approval of three other uranium exploration licenses by the government. the company conducted ground reconnaissance work to perform detailed radiometric studies on five anomalies. the results of these studies were yet to be analyzed as of yearend. On November 8, 2006, alba Mineral resources plc (alba) of the united Kingdom acquired a 50% interest in Mauritania ventures Limited (MvL). MvL held two uranium exploration licenses in northern Mauritania. alba applied for a third exploration license in the northern part of the country and for gold and base-metal exploration licenses covering an area of about 6,000 km2 located near the uranium exploration properties. alba also applied for an additional five copper-gold-iron oxide permits in the southern part of the country.