Ministry of War (Kingdom of Bavaria)
Encyclopedia
The Ministry of War was a ministry for military affairs of the Kingdom of Bavaria
, founded as Ministerium des Kriegswesens on October 1, 1808 by King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. It was located at Ludwigstraße
in Munich
. Today the building, that was built by Leo von Klenze
between 1824 and 1830, houses the Bavarian public record office, named Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv und Staatsarchiv München.
The name of the Ministerium des Kriegswesens changed to Staatsministerium der Armee in 1817, and at last to Kriegsministerium in 1825.
From 1801 to 1817, King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria by himself held the fully command of the Bavarian Army
. In 1917 general Von Triva was made the real head of the Ministry by him, but the administration of justice and economics of the military was part of the Oberadministrativkollegium and the Generallazarettinspektion. In 1822 Maximilian I assigned general Von Wrede
as commander-in-chief of the army, and the Staatsministerium der Armee became also responsible for the administration of justice and economics. After 1829 the tasks and responsibilities of the supreme command of the army (Oberkommando, existing from 1922 to 1829) were transferred to the Minister of War, so that he was additionally commander-in-chief of the army. Compared to ministers of other countries, e. g. the Prussian minister
, the Bavarian war minister had much more competences, after he got also the command of the army.
After the breakdown of the Bavarian kingdom in 1918, the Kriegsministerium was replaced by the Ministerium für militärische Angelegenheiten (ministry of military affairs).
Due to the Weimar Constitution
from 1919, the Bavarian ministry of transport as well as the ministry for military affairs were disband. The former archive of the ministry, which was founded in 1885, became a section of the Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv und Staatsarchiv München. The military troops of Bavaria became subordinated to the Reichswehr
, which was under command of the Reichspräsident
. Therefore the Ministry of War was replaced by the Reichswehrbefehlsstelle Bayern (Reichswehr commanding office Bavaria) until September 1919.
Kingdom of Bavaria
The Kingdom of Bavaria was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918. The Bavarian Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of the House of Wittelsbach became the first King of Bavaria in 1806 as Maximilian I Joseph. The monarchy would remain held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom's dissolution in 1918...
, founded as Ministerium des Kriegswesens on October 1, 1808 by King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. It was located at Ludwigstraße
Ludwigstraße (Munich)
The Ludwigstrasse in Munich is one of the city's four royal avenues. Principal was King Ludwig I of Bavaria, the avenue is named in his honour. The city's grandest boulevard with its public buildings still maintains its architectural uniformity envisioned as a grand street "worthy the kingdom" as...
in Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
. Today the building, that was built by Leo von Klenze
Leo von Klenze
Leo von Klenze was a German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer...
between 1824 and 1830, houses the Bavarian public record office, named Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv und Staatsarchiv München.
History
The ministry was the successional institution of the royal Bavarian Hofkriegsrat (court war council, founded in 1620) and its follow-on institutions, that were responsible for the military:- Oberkriegskollegium (literally: upper war council, after 1799)
- Kriegsjustizrat und Kriegsökonomierat (literally war justice council and war economic council, after 1801)
- Geheimes Kriegsbureau (literally: privy war bureau, after 1804)
The name of the Ministerium des Kriegswesens changed to Staatsministerium der Armee in 1817, and at last to Kriegsministerium in 1825.
From 1801 to 1817, King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria by himself held the fully command of the Bavarian Army
Bavarian army
The Bavarian Army was the army of the Electorate and then Kingdom of Bavaria. It existed from 1682 as the standing army of Bavaria until the merger of the military sovereignty of Bavaria into that of the German State in 1919...
. In 1917 general Von Triva was made the real head of the Ministry by him, but the administration of justice and economics of the military was part of the Oberadministrativkollegium and the Generallazarettinspektion. In 1822 Maximilian I assigned general Von Wrede
Karl Philipp von Wrede
Karl Philipp Josef Wrede, Freiherr von Wrede, 1st Fürst von Wrede , Bavarian field-marshal, was born at Heidelberg, the youngest of three children of Ferdinand Josef Wrede , created in 1791 1st Freiherr von Wrede, and wife, married on 21 March 1746, Anna Katharina Jünger , by whom he had two more...
as commander-in-chief of the army, and the Staatsministerium der Armee became also responsible for the administration of justice and economics. After 1829 the tasks and responsibilities of the supreme command of the army (Oberkommando, existing from 1922 to 1829) were transferred to the Minister of War, so that he was additionally commander-in-chief of the army. Compared to ministers of other countries, e. g. the Prussian minister
Prussian Minister of War
The Prussian War Ministry was gradually established between 1808 and 1809 as part of a series of reforms initiated by the Military Reorganization Commission created after the disastrous Treaty of Paris. The War Ministry was to help bring the army under constitutional control, and, along with the...
, the Bavarian war minister had much more competences, after he got also the command of the army.
After the breakdown of the Bavarian kingdom in 1918, the Kriegsministerium was replaced by the Ministerium für militärische Angelegenheiten (ministry of military affairs).
Due to the Weimar Constitution
Weimar constitution
The Constitution of the German Reich , usually known as the Weimar Constitution was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic...
from 1919, the Bavarian ministry of transport as well as the ministry for military affairs were disband. The former archive of the ministry, which was founded in 1885, became a section of the Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv und Staatsarchiv München. The military troops of Bavaria became subordinated to the Reichswehr
Reichswehr
The Reichswehr formed the military organisation of Germany from 1919 until 1935, when it was renamed the Wehrmacht ....
, which was under command of the Reichspräsident
Reichspräsident
The Reichspräsident was the German head of state under the Weimar constitution, which was officially in force from 1919 to 1945. In English he was usually simply referred to as the President of Germany...
. Therefore the Ministry of War was replaced by the Reichswehrbefehlsstelle Bayern (Reichswehr commanding office Bavaria) until September 1919.
Ministers
| Name | Term began | Term ended | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| GdA General of the Artillery (Germany) General of the artillery may mean:#a rank of general in the Imperial Army, Reichswehr or Wehrmacht - the second-highest regular rank below Generaloberst. Cavalry officers of equivalent rank were called general of the cavalry, and infantry officers of equivalent rank general of the infantry... Johann Nepomuk Graf von Triva Johann Nepomuk von Triva Johann Nepomuk Joseph Florian, Graf von Triva was a Bavarian General der Artillerie. He was the first War Minister of the Bavarian kingdom.- Biography :... (1755–1827) |
March 27, 1808 | September 30, 1822 | until 1814: Minister-Staatssekretär im Kriegswesen (literally: minister state secretary of warfare) 1814 to 1817: Dirigierender Minister des Kriegswesens (literally: directing minister of warfare) thenceforward 1817: Staatsminister der Armee (literally: state minister of the army) |
| GL Lieutenant General Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General.... Nikolaus Graf von Maillot de la Treille Nikolaus von Maillot de la Treille Nikolaus Hubert Freiherr von Maillot de la Treille was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister under Maximilian I Joseph and Ludwig I of Bavaria.- Biography :... (1774–1834) |
September 30, 1822 | January 31, 1829 | until 1926:Staatsminister der Armee thenceforward 1926: Kriegsminister (war minister) |
| GL Georg von Weinrich Georg von Weinrich Georg von Weinrich was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister from January 31, 1829 until his death in 1836. He was born in Mainz and died in Munich.- Biography :... (1768–1836) |
January 31, 1829 | December 12, 1836 | |
| GL Franz Xaver Frhr. von Hertling Franz Xaver von Hertling Franz Xaver Joseph Ignaz Freiherr von Hertling was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister from December 12, 1836 until November 11, 1838.- Biography :... (1780–1844) |
December 12, 1836 | November 1, 1838 | |
| GM Major General Major general or major-general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. A major general is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general... Albrecht Besserer Frhr. von Thalfingen Albrecht Besserer von Thalfingen Albrecht Theodorich Freiherr Besserer von Thalfingen was a Bavarian General, Hofmarschall of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, and Acting War Minister under Ludwig I of Bavaria from November 1, 1838 to January 28, 1839.... (1787–1839) |
November 1, 1838 | January 28, 1839 | (acting) |
| GL Friedrich Frhr. von Hertling Friedrich von Hertling Johann Friedrich Maximilian Joseph Freiherr von Hertling was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and Acting War Minister from January 28 until June 9, 1839. He was the brother of Franz Xaver von Hertling.- Biography :... (1781–1850) |
January 28, 1839 | June 9, 1839 | (acting) |
| GM Anton Frhr. von Gumppenberg Anton von Gumppenberg Anton Joseph Freiherr von Gumppenberg was a Bavarian military and War Minister from June 9, 1839 to March 1, 1847. His last military rank was General der Infanterie.- Biography :... (1787–1855) |
June 9, 1839 | March 1, 1847 | |
| GM Leonhard Frhr. von Hohenhausen Leonhard von Hohenhausen Leonhard Freiherr von Hohenhausen und Hochhaus was a Bavarian military and Acting War Minister from March 1, 1847 to February 1, 1848. His last military rank was General der Kavallerie.- Biography :... (1788–1872) |
March 1, 1847 | February 1, 1848 | (acting) |
| GL Heinrich von der Mark Heinrich von der Mark Heinrich von der Mark was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and Acting War Minister from February 1 to April 5, 1848.- Biography :Von der Mark was born in Aldenhoven and died in Bamberg... (1782–1865) |
February 1, 1848 | April 5, 1848 | (acting) |
| GM Karl von Weishaupt Karl von Weishaupt Carl also Karl Romanus von Weishaupt was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister under Maximilian II of Bavaria from April 5, to November 21, 1848.- Biography :... (1787–1853) |
April 5, 1848 | November 21, 1848 | |
| GL Wilhelm von Le Suire Wilhelm von Le Suire Wilhelm von Le Suire was a Bavarian Lieutenant General, War Minister under Otto of Greece during 1834 and under Maximilian II of Bavaria from November 21, 1848 to May 29, 1849.- Biography :... (1787–1852) |
November 21, 1848 | May 29, 1849 | |
| GM Ludwig von Lüder Ludwig von Lüder Ludwig von Lüder was a Bavarian Major General. He was War Minister under Maximilian II of Bavaria for two times.- Biography :... (1795–1862) |
29. Mai 1849 | 25. März 1855 | |
| GL Wilhelm Ritter von Manz Wilhelm von Manz Wilhelm Ritter von Manz was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister under Maximilian II of Bavaria from April 13, 1859 to June 12, 1861.- Biography :... (1804–1867) |
March 25, 1855 | April 13, 1859 | |
| GM Ludwig von Lüder | April 13, 1859 | June 12, 1861 | 2nd period |
| GM Moritz Ritter von Spies Moritz von Spies Moritz Ritter von Spies was a Bavarian Major General and War Minister for two times under Maximilian II of Bavaria.- Biography :Von Spies was born in Ansbach... (1805–1862) |
June 12, 1861 | October 10, 1862 | |
| GL Hugo Ritter von Bosch Hugo von Bosch Hugo Ritter von Bosch was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and Acting War Minister for two times under Maximilian II of Bavaria.- Biography :... (1782–1865) |
December 11, 1861 | January 20, 1862 | (acting for Ritter von Spies) |
| GL Bernhard von Heß Bernhard von Heß Bernhard Franz von Heß was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister under Maximilian II of Bavaria.- Biography :... (1792–1869) |
January 20, 1862 | June 16, 1862 | (acting for Ritter von Spies) |
| GM Moritz von Spies | June 16, 1862 | October 10, 1862(†) | |
| GL Bernhard von Heß | October 10, 1862 | March 1, 1863 | (acting after death of Ritter von Spies, 2nd time) |
| GM Karl Friedrich von Liel Karl Friedrich von Liel Karl Friedrich von Liel was a Bavarian Major General and War Minister under Maximilian II of Bavaria from March 1 until his death.- Biography :... (1799–1863) |
March 1, 1863 | March 7, 1863(†) | |
| GL Hugo Ritter von Bosch | July 11, 1863 | July 26, 1863 | (acting, 2nd time) |
| GL Bernhard von Heß | July 26, 1863 | August 15, 1863 | (acting, 3rd time) |
| GM Eduard Ritter von Lutz Eduard von Lutz Eduard Ritter von Lutz was a Bavarian Major General and War Minister under Maximilian II of Bavaria and under Ludwig II of Bavaria.- Biography :... (1810–1893) |
August 15, 1863 | August 1, 1866 | |
| n/a Eduard Ritter von Rotberg Eduard Anton von Rotberg Eduard Anselm Freiherr von Rotberg was a Bavarian general. He was acting as War Minister of the kingdom for a short time in 1866.- References and notes :... (1799–1884) |
1866 | 1866 | (acting) |
| GM Siegmund Frhr. von Pranckh Siegmund von Pranckh Siegmund Freiherr von Pranckh was a Bavarian general and Minister of War. Pranckh joined the army in Munich in 1840 from the cadet corps and in 1849 worked on the staff of the Generalquartiermeister... (1821–1888) |
August 1, 1866 | April 4, 1875 | |
| GdI General of the Infantry (Germany) General of the Infantry is a rank of general in the Imperial Army, Reichswehr or Wehrmacht - the second-highest regular rank. The same rank spread to the Imperial Russian Army and the Defence forces of Finland between the world wars... Joseph Maximilian Ritter von Maillinger Joseph Maximilian von Maillinger Joseph Maximilian Fridolin Ritter von Maillinger was a Bavarian General der Infanterie and War Minister under Ludwig II of Bavaria.- Biography :Von Maillinger was born in Passau... (1820–1901) |
April 4, 1875 | May 1, 1885 | |
| GdI Adolf Ritter von Heinleth Adolf von Heinleth Adolf Ritter von Heinleth was a Bavarian General der Infanterie and War Minister under Ludwig II of Bavaria and under Otto of Bavaria.- Biography :... (1823–1895) |
May 1, 1885 | May 6, 1890 | |
| GdI Benignus Ritter von Safferling Benignus von Safferling Benignus Ritter von Safferling was a Bavarian General der Infanterie and War Minister under Otto of Bavaria.- Biography :... (1825–1895) |
May 6, 1890 | June 5, 1893 | |
| GL Adolph Frhr, von Asch zu Asch auf Oberndorff Adolph von Asch zu Asch auf Oberndorff Adolph Freiherr' von Asch zu Asch auf Oberndorff was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister from June 5, 1893 to April 4, 1905. He was born and died in Munich.- Biography :... (1839–1906) |
June 5, 1893 | April 4, 1905 | |
| GO Carl Graf von Horn Carl von Horn Carl Graf von Horn was a Bavarian Colonel General and War Minister from April 4, 1905 to February 16, 1912. He was born in Würzburg and died in Munich., House of the Bavarian history... (1847–1923) |
April 4, 1905 | February 16, 1912 | |
| GO Otto Frhr. Kreß von Kressenstein Otto Kreß von Kressenstein Paul Otto Felix Freiherr Kreß von Kressenstein was a Bavarian Colonel General and War Minister from 16 February 1912 to 7 December 1916.- Biography :... (1850–1929) |
February 16, 1912 | December 7, 1916 | |
| GL Maximilian Frhr. von Speidel Maximilian von Speidel Maximilian "Max" Freiherr von Speidel was a Bavarian general and State Council at the Bavarian Ministry of War.- Life :Von Speidel was born in Munich... (1856–1943) |
1916 | 1916 | (acting) |
| GdK Philipp von Hellingrath Philipp von Hellingrath Philipp von Hellingrath was a Bavarian General der Kavallerie and the last War Minister under Ludwig III of Bavaria.- Life :Von Hellingrath was born in Munich... (1862–1939) |
December 11, 1916 | November 8, 1918 | |
| Minister für militärische Angelegenheiten (ministers of military affairs) of Bavaria after the German revolution | |||
| Albert Roßhaupter Albert Roßhaupter Albert Roßhaupter was a Bavarian politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and editor of several newspapers.- Biography :... (1878–1949) |
November 8, 1918 | February 21, 1919 | politician of the MSPD |
| Richard Scheid Richard Scheid Richard Scheid was a Bavarian author, unionist and politician of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany .Scheid was president of the Munich labor unions' education committee... (1876–1962) |
March 1, 1919 | March 17, 1919 | politician of the USPD Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany was a short-lived political party in Germany during the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic. The organization was established in 1917 as the result of a split of left wing members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany... |
| Ernst Schneppenhorst Ernst Schneppenhorst Ernst Wilhelm Schneppenhorst was a Bavarian politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany .- Biography :... (1881–1945) |
March 18, 1919 | August 22, 1919 | politician of the MSPD |