Minuscule 231
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 231 ε 1207 (Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Paleographically
it has been assigned to the 12th century.
s, on 181 parchment leaves (size ). The leaves are arranged in quarto
(four leaves in quire). The text is written in one column per page, 29 lines per page.
It contains the Eusebian tables, tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin, synaxaria, Menologion, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, with numbers of στιχοι
.
There are some marginal glosses made by a later hand, and a Latin version of parts of Matthew
(between lines of Greek text). The text of the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) was marked by an obelus
by a later hand.
. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Kx
. Aland
placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx in Luke 1
, Luke 10, and Luke 20.
, who collated it about 1783 for Andreas Birch (Esc. 10). It was briefly described by Emmanuel Miller in 1848.
It is currently housed at the Escurial
(Cod. Escurialensis, y. III. 6).
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Paleographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 12th century.
Description
The codex contains a complete text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s, on 181 parchment leaves (size ). The leaves are arranged in quarto
Quarto
Quarto could refer to:* Quarto, a size or format of a book in which four leaves of a book are created from a standard size sheet of paper* For specific information about quarto texts of William Shakespeare's works, see:...
(four leaves in quire). The text is written in one column per page, 29 lines per page.
It contains the Eusebian tables, tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin, synaxaria, Menologion, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, with numbers of στιχοι
Stichometry
Stichometry is a term applied to the measurement of ancient texts by στίχοι or verses of a fixed standard length.It was the custom of the Greeks and Romans to estimate the length of their literary works by measured lines...
.
There are some marginal glosses made by a later hand, and a Latin version of parts of Matthew
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
(between lines of Greek text). The text of the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) was marked by an obelus
Obelus
An obelus is a symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and below. It is mainly used to represent the mathematical operation of division. It is therefore commonly referred to as the division sign.- History :The word "obelus" comes from the Greek word for a sharpened stick,...
by a later hand.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx in Luke 1
Luke 1
Luke 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It describes the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. It is written to Theophilus, who could be a real person or could simply mean a fellow Christian as theo philus is Greek for God lover...
, Luke 10, and Luke 20.
History
The manuscript was described by Daniel Gotthilf MoldenhawerDaniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer
Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer , was a German-Danish philologist, theologian, librarian, bibliophile, palaeographer, diplomat, and Bible translator.- Early life and education:...
, who collated it about 1783 for Andreas Birch (Esc. 10). It was briefly described by Emmanuel Miller in 1848.
It is currently housed at the Escurial
Escurial
Escurial is a village in Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain....
(Cod. Escurialensis, y. III. 6).
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- Emmanuel Miller, Catalogue des manuscrits grecs de la bibliothèque de l'Escurial (Paris 1848), p. 281.