Minuscule 433
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 433 ε 181 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 11th century. The manuscript has survived in a fragmentary condition. The text is a mixture of several different textual traditions. The manuscript was prepared for church reading. It has full marginalia
.
s on 80 parchment leaves with large lacunae
. The leaves of the codex are arranged into quarto
(four leaves in quire). The text is written in one column per page, in 24 lines per page, in very small and beautiful letters.
The nomina sacra
are written in an abbreviated way (θς for θεος, κς for κυριος, ις for ιησους, χς for χριστος, ανος for ανθρωπος, ιηλ for ισραηλ, σηρ for σωτηρ, ουνιος for ουρανιος, πνα for πνευμα, πηρ for πατηρ, μηρ for μητηρ, υς for υιος, ιω for ιωαννης, δαδ for δαυιδ), but not often. There are also other abbreviations used in the manuscript. The words at the end of the line sometimes are abbreviated. The error of itacism occurs, αι and ε
, ε and η, η and υ, ει and ι
, ι and η
, ι and οι, ο and ω
are confused frequently.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
, whose numbers are written at the margin with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
The tables of the (tables of contents) are placed before each Gospel, lectionary markings are inserted at the margin (for the Church reading), and αναγνωσεις (lessons).
The Greek text of the codex is mixed with many errors in very minute letters.
Contents
Matthew 1:1-21; 6:12-32; 22:25-28:20; Mark 1:1-5:29; 9:21-18:12; Luke 7:27–John 9:21; 20:15-21:25.
manuscripts. It has also some rare readings, which are not supported by any textual family. Kurt Aland
the Greek text of the codex did not place in any Category
.
It was not examined according to the Claremont Profile Method.
In Matthew 1:6
it reads Σολομωντα for Σολομωνα, as Minuscule 84
.
It lacks the whole verse Matthew 23:14, as Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Bezae, Regius, Dublinensis, Koridethi, f1, 33, 892.
In Matthew 23:25 it reads ακρασιας for αδικιας.
In Matthew 24:29 it reads αστερες for αστεραις.
In Matthew 26:31 it has singular reading τα δωδεκα for τα προβατα.
In Matthew 26:52 it reads αποθανουνται for απολουνται.
In Matthew 27:34 it reads οινον for οξος, as B, D, K, L, 1, 33, 69, 73
, Sinaiticus, Koridethi.
In Matthew 27:49 the whole verse was omitted by scribe (probably as error of homoioteleuton).
In Mark 1:9 it reads Ναζαρεθ for Ναζαρετ.
In Mark 1:16 it reads αμφιβαλλοντας for βαλλοντας.
In Mark 5:26 it reads παρα for υπο.
The manuscript was brought from the East to Berlin by Wilhelm Ernst von Knobelsdorff in 1803, along with many other manuscripts (Persian and Arabic). In 1820 it was presented for the Prussian State Library. G. G. Pappelbaum described and collated its text in 1824. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794–1852),
who listed it under the number 239. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1887. Hermann von Soden designated it by siglum ε 181.
At the end of 1943 year has increased the frequency of the bombing of Berlin. The Prussian State Library sent many collections out of Berlin to be sheltered in Silesia
for safekeeping. As the result of postwar border changes some of these collections were found in Poland (among minuscule 433). They were moved to the Jagiellonian University Library.
The manuscript formerly was held in Berlin (MS Quart 12). It is currently housed at the Biblioteka Jagiellońska (Fonds der Berliner Hss. Graec. qu. 12) in Kraków
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 11th century. The manuscript has survived in a fragmentary condition. The text is a mixture of several different textual traditions. The manuscript was prepared for church reading. It has full marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
.
Description
The codex contains the text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on 80 parchment leaves with large lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
. The leaves of the codex are arranged into quarto
Quarto
Quarto could refer to:* Quarto, a size or format of a book in which four leaves of a book are created from a standard size sheet of paper* For specific information about quarto texts of William Shakespeare's works, see:...
(four leaves in quire). The text is written in one column per page, in 24 lines per page, in very small and beautiful letters.
The nomina sacra
Nomina sacra
Nomina sacra means "sacred names" in Latin, and can be used to refer to traditions of abbreviated writing of several frequently occurring divine names or titles in early Greek language Holy Scripture...
are written in an abbreviated way (θς for θεος, κς for κυριος, ις for ιησους, χς for χριστος, ανος for ανθρωπος, ιηλ for ισραηλ, σηρ for σωτηρ, ουνιος for ουρανιος, πνα for πνευμα, πηρ for πατηρ, μηρ for μητηρ, υς for υιος, ιω for ιωαννης, δαδ for δαυιδ), but not often. There are also other abbreviations used in the manuscript. The words at the end of the line sometimes are abbreviated. The error of itacism occurs, αι and ε
Epsilon
Epsilon is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, corresponding phonetically to a close-mid front unrounded vowel . In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 5. It was derived from the Phoenician letter He...
, ε and η, η and υ, ει and ι
Iota
Iota is the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 10. It was derived from the Phoenician letter Yodh . Letters that arose from this letter include the Roman I and J and the Cyrillic І , Yi , Je , and iotified letters .Iota represents...
, ι and η
ETA
ETA , an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna is an armed Basque nationalist and separatist organization. The group was founded in 1959 and has since evolved from a group promoting traditional Basque culture to a paramilitary group with the goal of gaining independence for the Greater Basque Country...
, ι and οι, ο and ω
Omega
Omega is the 24th and last letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeric system, it has a value of 800. The word literally means "great O" , as opposed to omicron, which means "little O"...
are confused frequently.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
Ammonian Sections
Eusebian canons or Eusebian sections, also known as Ammonian Sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively...
, whose numbers are written at the margin with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
The tables of the (tables of contents) are placed before each Gospel, lectionary markings are inserted at the margin (for the Church reading), and αναγνωσεις (lessons).
The Greek text of the codex is mixed with many errors in very minute letters.
Contents
Matthew 1:1-21; 6:12-32; 22:25-28:20; Mark 1:1-5:29; 9:21-18:12; Luke 7:27–John 9:21; 20:15-21:25.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a mixture of the text-types. According to G. G. Pappelbaum some of its textual variants are found in other manuscripts from the East, and some variants are typical for the WesternWestern text-type
The Western text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts...
manuscripts. It has also some rare readings, which are not supported by any textual family. Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
the Greek text of the codex did not place in any Category
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in Der Text des Neuen Testaments. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian...
.
It was not examined according to the Claremont Profile Method.
In Matthew 1:6
Matthew 1:6
Matthew 1:6 is the sixth verse of the first chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The verse is part of the section where the genealogy of Joseph, the legal father of Jesus, is listed....
it reads Σολομωντα for Σολομωνα, as Minuscule 84
Minuscule 84
Minuscule 84 , ε 1219 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It was adapted for liturgical use.- Description :...
.
It lacks the whole verse Matthew 23:14, as Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Bezae, Regius, Dublinensis, Koridethi, f1, 33, 892.
In Matthew 23:25 it reads ακρασιας for αδικιας.
In Matthew 24:29 it reads αστερες for αστεραις.
In Matthew 26:31 it has singular reading τα δωδεκα for τα προβατα.
In Matthew 26:52 it reads αποθανουνται for απολουνται.
In Matthew 27:34 it reads οινον for οξος, as B, D, K, L, 1, 33, 69, 73
Minuscule 73
Minuscule 73 , ε 260 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript has complex contents with full marginalia....
, Sinaiticus, Koridethi.
In Matthew 27:49 the whole verse was omitted by scribe (probably as error of homoioteleuton).
In Mark 1:9 it reads Ναζαρεθ for Ναζαρετ.
In Mark 1:16 it reads αμφιβαλλοντας for βαλλοντας.
In Mark 5:26 it reads παρα for υπο.
History
F. H. A. Scrivener dated the manuscript to the 11th or 12th century, Gregory to the 11th century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 11th century.The manuscript was brought from the East to Berlin by Wilhelm Ernst von Knobelsdorff in 1803, along with many other manuscripts (Persian and Arabic). In 1820 it was presented for the Prussian State Library. G. G. Pappelbaum described and collated its text in 1824. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794–1852),
who listed it under the number 239. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1887. Hermann von Soden designated it by siglum ε 181.
At the end of 1943 year has increased the frequency of the bombing of Berlin. The Prussian State Library sent many collections out of Berlin to be sheltered in Silesia
Silesia
Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...
for safekeeping. As the result of postwar border changes some of these collections were found in Poland (among minuscule 433). They were moved to the Jagiellonian University Library.
The manuscript formerly was held in Berlin (MS Quart 12). It is currently housed at the Biblioteka Jagiellońska (Fonds der Berliner Hss. Graec. qu. 12) in Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- Georg Gottlieb Pappelbaum, Codicem manuscriptum N.T. graecum Evangeliorum quatuor partem dimidiam maiorem continentem in Bibliotheca regia Berolinensi publica asservatum (Berolini 1824).