Minuscule 435
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 435 ε 1031 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century. The marginalia
are almost complete.
s on 286 parchment leaves (size ) with some lacunae
(Matthew 1:20-2:13; 22:4-19; John 10:14-21:25). The text is written in one column per page, in 24-26 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
, without the references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains some pictures, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use) and αναγνωσεις (lessons) were added at the margin by a later hand.
The text of John 10:14-21:25 was added by a later hand.
. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Iκ. Kurt Aland
the Greek text of the codex did not place in any Category
.
Scrivener stayed: "It has somewhat unusual text".
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents Kx
in Luke 1; 10; 20. It belongs also to the textual cluster 1053.
The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794-1852).
It was examined by Jac. Dermout. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1891.
285 leaves of the codex are currently housed at the Leiden University Library
(Gronovii 137) in Leiden.
1 leaf of the codex (Matthew 22:4-19) was classified as minuscule 576
(Gregory-Aland), before it was identified as a part of the same codex as minuscule 435. Currently it is housed at the Arundel Castle
and belongs to the Duke of Norfolk
(M.D. 459).
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century. The marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
are almost complete.
Description
The codex contains the text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on 286 parchment leaves (size ) with some lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(Matthew 1:20-2:13; 22:4-19; John 10:14-21:25). The text is written in one column per page, in 24-26 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
Ammonian Sections
Eusebian canons or Eusebian sections, also known as Ammonian Sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively...
, without the references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains some pictures, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use) and αναγνωσεις (lessons) were added at the margin by a later hand.
The text of John 10:14-21:25 was added by a later hand.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is mixed with predominate element of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Iκ. Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
the Greek text of the codex did not place in any Category
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in Der Text des Neuen Testaments. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian...
.
Scrivener stayed: "It has somewhat unusual text".
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
in Luke 1; 10; 20. It belongs also to the textual cluster 1053.
History
Scrivener and Gregory dated the manuscript to the 10th century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 12th or 13th century.The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794-1852).
It was examined by Jac. Dermout. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1891.
285 leaves of the codex are currently housed at the Leiden University Library
Leiden University Library
Leiden University Library is a library founded in 1575 in Leiden, Netherlands. It is regarded as a significant place in the development of European culture: it is a part of a small number of cultural centres that gave direction to the development and spread of knowledge during the Enlightenment...
(Gronovii 137) in Leiden.
1 leaf of the codex (Matthew 22:4-19) was classified as minuscule 576
Minuscule 576
Minuscule 576 , ε 1318 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.The manuscript is lacunose.- Description :...
(Gregory-Aland), before it was identified as a part of the same codex as minuscule 435. Currently it is housed at the Arundel Castle
Arundel Castle
Arundel Castle in Arundel, West Sussex, England is a restored medieval castle. It was founded by Roger de Montgomery on Christmas Day 1067. Roger became the first to hold the earldom of Arundel by the graces of William the Conqueror...
and belongs to the Duke of Norfolk
Duke of Norfolk
The Duke of Norfolk is the premier duke in the peerage of England, and also, as Earl of Arundel, the premier earl. The Duke of Norfolk is, moreover, the Earl Marshal and hereditary Marshal of England. The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle in Sussex, although the title refers to the...
(M.D. 459).
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...