Minuscule 657
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 657 ε 180 (von Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 11th or 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Scrivener
labelled it by 876e.
, on 296 parchment leaves (size ) with some lacunae
(Matthew
1:1-9, Mark
1:1-10, John
8:7-21). The text is written in one column per page, 21-22 lines per page, in very small letters.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), which numbers are given at the margin, with their (titles) at the top. The text of the four Gospels is also divided according to the Ammonian Sections
(in Mark 234 Sections - the last Section in 16:9), with references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum
, lists of the before every book. It contains the Synaxarion and Menologion at the end of the codex, and pictures of the Evangelists are placed before every Gospel.
. Hermann von Soden classified it as Kx
. Kurt Aland
placed it in Category V. According to the Wisse's Profile Method
it belongs to mixed Byzantine text in Luke 1 (fragmentary), to the Πa in Luke 10 (weak), and to the Kx in Luke 20.
to the 11th or 12th century.
The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener. Gregory saw it in 1887.
Currently the manuscript is housed at the Berlin State Library
(Graec. octavo 12), in Berlin
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 11th or 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
The Reverend Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, LL.D. was an important text critic of the New Testament and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible...
labelled it by 876e.
Description
The codex contains the text of the New TestamentNew Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on 296 parchment leaves (size ) with some lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(Matthew
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
1:1-9, Mark
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second...
1:1-10, John
Gospel of John
The Gospel According to John , commonly referred to as the Gospel of John or simply John, and often referred to in New Testament scholarship as the Fourth Gospel, is an account of the public ministry of Jesus...
8:7-21). The text is written in one column per page, 21-22 lines per page, in very small letters.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), which numbers are given at the margin, with their (titles) at the top. The text of the four Gospels is also divided according to the Ammonian Sections
Ammonian Sections
Eusebian canons or Eusebian sections, also known as Ammonian Sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively...
(in Mark 234 Sections - the last Section in 16:9), with references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum
Epistula ad Carpianum
The Epistula ad Carpianum is the title traditionally given to a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus....
, lists of the before every book. It contains the Synaxarion and Menologion at the end of the codex, and pictures of the Evangelists are placed before every Gospel.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Hermann von Soden classified it as Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
. Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V. According to the Wisse's Profile Method
Wisse's Profile Method
Claremont Profile Method was elaborated by Ernst Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the classification of the manuscript evidence of any ancient text with large manuscript attestation, and to present an adequate basis...
it belongs to mixed Byzantine text in Luke 1 (fragmentary), to the Πa in Luke 10 (weak), and to the Kx in Luke 20.
History
Gregory dated it to the 11th century. Currently the manuscript is dated by the INTFInstitute for New Testament Textual Research
The Institute for New Testament Textual Research at the University of Münster, Westphalia, Germany, is an institute for the investigation of the text of the New Testament. The INTF was founded in Münster in 1959 by Professor Kurt Aland , the first director of the Institute...
to the 11th or 12th century.
The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener. Gregory saw it in 1887.
Currently the manuscript is housed at the Berlin State Library
Berlin State Library
The Berlin State Library is a library in Berlin, Germany and a property of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation.-Buildings:The State Library runs several premises, three of which are open for users, namely House 1 in Unter den Linden 8, House 2 in Potsdamer Straße 33 and the newspaper archive...
(Graec. octavo 12), in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...