Minuscule 71
Encyclopedia
Codex Ephesinus, minuscule 71 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 253 (von Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment, illuminated, and elegantly written. It is dated by the colophon
to 1160. In the 15th century the manuscript was prepared for liturgical use. The scribal errors are not numerous, but it has many textual divergences from the common text. The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type
, but the textual character of the codex is disputed by scholars since the 19th century.
It has full marginalia
with marks of the text's division, with liturgical notes and scholia. Only one leaf of the codex had lost.
The manuscript was brought to England in 1675 by Philip Traherne, English Chaplain at Smyrna, who made first collation of its text. The collation was corrected by Scrivener in 1845. It was called Codex Ephesinus, because of place of its origin.
It is currently housed in the library of the Lambeth Palace
(528), at London
.
s on 265 parchment leaves (size ). The leaves are arranged in small quarto
. Only one leaf of the codex had lost, containing Matthew 14:13-15:16, before it was examined by Philip Traherne
.
The text is written in one column per page, 20-26 lines per page in an elegant minuscule letters. The large initial letters in red.
The breathings (rough breathing, smooth breathing) and accents are given correctly, in spite of some not numerous but evident errors (e.g. αὑριον, ἐστη, ἀλωπηξ, ἀλεκτωρ, αποστελλῶ).
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller and more ancient Ammonian Sections (in Matthew 356, in Mark 234, in Luke 342, in John only 219 sections), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum
(Epistle to Carpian) at the beginning of the codex, lists of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) were placed before each Gospel in the 15th century, and slight illuminations before each Gospel. In the 15th century lectionary markings were added at the margin and the manuscript was prepared for the church service. Every Gospel passage used for church reading is marked at the beginning by αρχαι and at the end by τελη. It has some scholia at the margin.
Movable nu is rare, and the few errors of itacism are of the common kind. It has Iota subscript
um in a few places (e.g. Luke 10:28; 22:23; 23:43; John 5:4), but not Iota adscript
um. It has also some grammar forms, which usually occur in Alexandrian manuscripts: θυγατεραν (Luke 13:16), ειπαν (19:25), πεσατε (23:30), ηγαπησες (17:26), μελαινα (Matthew 5:36), πτερνα (John 13:18). The accusative is often put for the dative after λεγω (e.g. Matthew 8:21; 10:1; Mark 12:38; Luke 5:14). The manuscript uniformly use βαραβας, κηππος, κηππουρος (for βαραββας, κηπος, κηπουρος).
Many clauses are omitted by the error of homeoteleuton
(clauses with similar endings).
). Scrivener opposed that Scholz missed many remarkable readings of the codex, so his opinion is not reliable, but Tischendorf confirmed Scholz's opinion that it represents Constantinopolitanian text.
Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual group Iφr. Kurt Aland
did not place it in any Category
, but classified it to the textual family Family 1424
.
John Mill
found some textual resemblance to minuscule 29
. Scrivener
found its textual resemblance to minuscule 692
,
Caspar René Gregory
to minuscule 248
.
According to Scrivener there are a few Greek manuscripts of the New Testament from the 12th century "will be found to equal it in weight and importance". The manuscript presents "a text full of interest, and much superior to that of the mass manuscripts of its age". According to Gregory text of the manuscript is good.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual cluster M
27
in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20, as a core member. To this cluster belong also manuscripts like Minuscule 569, 692
, 750
.
It has many unique textual variants (e.g. Matthew 16:11; Luke 6:49; 10:24; 19:21), many of them are supported by manuscripts like Codex Vaticanus
, Codex Bezae
, Codex Cyprius
, and Lectionary 183
. Sometimes it stands alone or nearly alone among manuscript examined by Scrivener (Luke 10:22; 17:26; 24:18.27; John 1:42; 2:17; 3:25; 8:3; 12:2).
The text has many corrections made by a later hand.
In Matthew 1:11 it has additional reading τον Ιωακιμ, Ιωακιμ δε εγεννησεν (of Joakim, and Joakim was the father of). The reading is supported by Codex Campianus
, Koridethi
, manuscripts of the textual family f1
, Minuscule 17
, 33
, 70
, and 120
; the reading was cited by Griesbach in his Novum Testamentum Graece.
In Matthew 16:11 it reads σαδδουκαιων και φαρισαιων for φαρισαιων και σαδδουκαιων; this phrase in the same word order gave second corrector to Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
.
In Matthew 17:14 it reads τω Ιησου for αυτω; the reading is supported only by a few manuscripts.
In Matthew 19:12 it has additional reading δια την βασιλειαν των ουρανων ευνουχισαν εαυτους; it is not supported by other manuscripts.
In Luke 6:49 it has reading επι της γης for επι την γην; the reading has only grammar meaning.
(in red), on folio 263 verso, the manuscript was written in ετει απο χριστου ᾳρξ (1160 year from Christ), but ᾳρξ (1160) was overwritten by later hand, the real year was σχξη (868). It means it was written in 1160 A.D.
The manuscript once belonged to the Archbishop of Ephesus
. It was brought to England in 1675 by Philip Traherne
, English Chaplain at Smyrna
in 1669-1674. In 1679 the manuscript was presented by him to the Lambeth Palace Library, along with collation, where it is held to the present day (shelf number 528).
Philip Traheron made first collation and description of the codex. According to Scrivener it was careful collation, but Traheron never before examined manuscripts and his notes shew his ignorance of textual criticism. He bent his attention it its illustration. He has neglected to distinguish readings of prima manu from the corrections made by later hand, both in the text and margin, but Scrivener very seldom detected him in absolute error. Several transcripts of Traherons collation were made, two of them were still available for Scrivener (Burney 24 and Lambeth 528b). Scrivener did not examined them.
John Mill
used collation of Traheron in his edition of the Greek New Testament (1709), but very carelessly. John Mill called it Codex Ephesinus. It was added on the list Greek New Testament manuscripts by Wettstein
, who gave for it number 71. Wettstein saw the codex and its collation in 1746 and wrongly deciphered date of the colophon as 1166. Griesbach
hesitated between dates 1160 or 1166. Griesbach in his edition of the Greek New Testament cited 5 of its readings of the codex and Scholz only 3 readings in first six chapters of the Gospel of Matthew
. Scrivener enumerated 29 various readings in the first six chapters of Matthew.
Scrivener in 1845 used collation of Traheron and compared with the text of the manuscript, and revised it, in regard to changes made by later correctors. Gregory saw the codex in 1883.
The manuscript is not cited in Novum Testamentum Graece
and in editions of United Bible Societies.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment, illuminated, and elegantly written. It is dated by the colophon
Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon is either:* A brief description of publication or production notes relevant to the edition, in modern books usually located at the reverse of the title page, but can also sometimes be located at the end of the book, or...
to 1160. In the 15th century the manuscript was prepared for liturgical use. The scribal errors are not numerous, but it has many textual divergences from the common text. The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
, but the textual character of the codex is disputed by scholars since the 19th century.
It has full marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
with marks of the text's division, with liturgical notes and scholia. Only one leaf of the codex had lost.
The manuscript was brought to England in 1675 by Philip Traherne, English Chaplain at Smyrna, who made first collation of its text. The collation was corrected by Scrivener in 1845. It was called Codex Ephesinus, because of place of its origin.
It is currently housed in the library of the Lambeth Palace
Lambeth Palace
Lambeth Palace is the official London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury in England. It is located in Lambeth, on the south bank of the River Thames a short distance upstream of the Palace of Westminster on the opposite shore. It was acquired by the archbishopric around 1200...
(528), at London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
.
Description
The codex contains almost complete text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on 265 parchment leaves (size ). The leaves are arranged in small quarto
Quarto
Quarto could refer to:* Quarto, a size or format of a book in which four leaves of a book are created from a standard size sheet of paper* For specific information about quarto texts of William Shakespeare's works, see:...
. Only one leaf of the codex had lost, containing Matthew 14:13-15:16, before it was examined by Philip Traherne
Philip Traherne
Philip Traherne, or Traheron, , English diplomat, author of books....
.
The text is written in one column per page, 20-26 lines per page in an elegant minuscule letters. The large initial letters in red.
The breathings (rough breathing, smooth breathing) and accents are given correctly, in spite of some not numerous but evident errors (e.g. αὑριον, ἐστη, ἀλωπηξ, ἀλεκτωρ, αποστελλῶ).
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller and more ancient Ammonian Sections (in Matthew 356, in Mark 234, in Luke 342, in John only 219 sections), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum
Epistula ad Carpianum
The Epistula ad Carpianum is the title traditionally given to a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus....
(Epistle to Carpian) at the beginning of the codex, lists of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) were placed before each Gospel in the 15th century, and slight illuminations before each Gospel. In the 15th century lectionary markings were added at the margin and the manuscript was prepared for the church service. Every Gospel passage used for church reading is marked at the beginning by αρχαι and at the end by τελη. It has some scholia at the margin.
Movable nu is rare, and the few errors of itacism are of the common kind. It has Iota subscript
Iota subscript
Iota subscript in Greek polytonic orthography is a way of writing the letter iota as a small vertical stroke beneath a vowel. It was used in the so-called "long diphthongs" in Ancient Greek, that is, diphthongs the first part of which is a long vowel: and...
um in a few places (e.g. Luke 10:28; 22:23; 23:43; John 5:4), but not Iota adscript
Iota adscript
In Greek polytonic orthography, the iota adscript is a iota written after a long vowel in a long diphthong, as opposed to below the vowel as a small vertical stroke ....
um. It has also some grammar forms, which usually occur in Alexandrian manuscripts: θυγατεραν (Luke 13:16), ειπαν (19:25), πεσατε (23:30), ηγαπησες (17:26), μελαινα (Matthew 5:36), πτερνα (John 13:18). The accusative is often put for the dative after λεγω (e.g. Matthew 8:21; 10:1; Mark 12:38; Luke 5:14). The manuscript uniformly use βαραβας, κηππος, κηππουρος (for βαραββας, κηπος, κηπουρος).
Many clauses are omitted by the error of homeoteleuton
Homeoteleuton
Homeoteleuton, also spelled as homoeoteleuton and homoioteleuton, is the repetition of endings in words...
(clauses with similar endings).
Text
Scholz had noted that "familiae plerumque adhaeret Constantinopolitanae" (today this family is called as the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
). Scrivener opposed that Scholz missed many remarkable readings of the codex, so his opinion is not reliable, but Tischendorf confirmed Scholz's opinion that it represents Constantinopolitanian text.
Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual group Iφr. Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
did not place it in any Category
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in Der Text des Neuen Testaments. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian...
, but classified it to the textual family Family 1424
Family 1424
Family 1424 is a group of New Testament manuscripts. It is classified to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual subfamilies of this group, though it has many non-Byzantine readings . Name of the family came from the number of Minuscule 1424 designated by number 1424 according the...
.
John Mill
John Mill
John Mill was an English theologian. He is noted for his critical edition of the Greek New Testament which included notes on many variant readings.-Biography:...
found some textual resemblance to minuscule 29
Minuscule 29
Minuscule 29 , ε 1022 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.- Description :...
. Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
The Reverend Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, LL.D. was an important text critic of the New Testament and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible...
found its textual resemblance to minuscule 692
Minuscule 692
Minuscule 692 , ε1284 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
,
Caspar René Gregory
Caspar René Gregory
Caspar René Gregory was a American-born German theologian theologian.-Life:Gregory was born in Philadelphia. He studied theology at two Presbyterian seminaries: in 1865-67 at the University of Pennsylvania and at Princeton Theological Seminary...
to minuscule 248
Minuscule 248
Minuscule 248 , ε 395 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It has been dated by a colophon to the year 1275. It has marginalia.- Description :...
.
According to Scrivener there are a few Greek manuscripts of the New Testament from the 12th century "will be found to equal it in weight and importance". The manuscript presents "a text full of interest, and much superior to that of the mass manuscripts of its age". According to Gregory text of the manuscript is good.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual cluster M
Codex Campianus
Codex Campianus designated by M or 021 , ε 72 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 9th century...
27
Minuscule 27
Minuscule 27 , ε 1023 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20, as a core member. To this cluster belong also manuscripts like Minuscule 569, 692
Minuscule 692
Minuscule 692 , ε1284 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 750
Minuscule 750 (Gregory-Aland)
Minuscule 750 , ε1204 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript has no complex contents. Scrivener labelled it as 742e.- Description :The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels...
.
It has many unique textual variants (e.g. Matthew 16:11; Luke 6:49; 10:24; 19:21), many of them are supported by manuscripts like Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus , is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible , one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library, where it has been stored since at least the 15th century...
, Codex Bezae
Codex Bezae
The Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis, designated by siglum Dea or 05 , δ 5 , is a codex of the New Testament dating from the 5th century written in an uncial hand on vellum. It contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of the 3 John...
, Codex Cyprius
Codex Cyprius
Codex Cyprius, designated by Ke or 017 , ε 71 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the four Gospels, on parchment. It was variously dated in the past , currently it is dated to the 9th century. It was brought from Cyprus to Paris...
, and Lectionary 183
Lectionary 183
Lectionary 183, designated by siglum ℓ 183 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment, written in uncial letters. Westcott and Hort labelled it by 38e, Scrivener by 257e. Paleographically usually it has been assigned to the 10th century. The manuscript has some lacunae at the end and...
. Sometimes it stands alone or nearly alone among manuscript examined by Scrivener (Luke 10:22; 17:26; 24:18.27; John 1:42; 2:17; 3:25; 8:3; 12:2).
The text has many corrections made by a later hand.
In Matthew 1:11 it has additional reading τον Ιωακιμ, Ιωακιμ δε εγεννησεν (of Joakim, and Joakim was the father of). The reading is supported by Codex Campianus
Codex Campianus
Codex Campianus designated by M or 021 , ε 72 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 9th century...
, Koridethi
Codex Koridethi
The Codex Koridethi, also named Codex Coridethianus, designated by Θ, 038, or Theta , ε 050 , is a 9th century manuscript of the four Gospels. It is written in Greek with uncial script in two columns per page, in 25 lines per page...
, manuscripts of the textual family f1
Family 1
Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden calls the group Ih...
, Minuscule 17
Minuscule 17
Minuscule 17 , ε 525 . It is a Greek-Latin minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 354 parchment leaves , dated palaeographically to the 15th century . It has some marginalia....
, 33
Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 , δ 48 , formerly it was called Codex Colbertinus 2844, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia...
, 70
Minuscule 70
Minuscule 70 , ε 521 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century. The manuscript has complex contents. Marginalia are incomplete.- Description :The codex contains complete text of the four Gospels on 186...
, and 120
Minuscule 120
Minuscule 120 , ε 1202 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century. It has complex contents with some marginalia....
; the reading was cited by Griesbach in his Novum Testamentum Graece.
In Matthew 16:11 it reads σαδδουκαιων και φαρισαιων for φαρισαιων και σαδδουκαιων; this phrase in the same word order gave second corrector to Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus is an early 5th century Greek manuscript of the Bible, the last in the group of the four great uncial manuscripts...
.
In Matthew 17:14 it reads τω Ιησου for αυτω; the reading is supported only by a few manuscripts.
In Matthew 19:12 it has additional reading δια την βασιλειαν των ουρανων ευνουχισαν εαυτους; it is not supported by other manuscripts.
In Luke 6:49 it has reading επι της γης for επι την γην; the reading has only grammar meaning.
History
According to the colophonColophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon is either:* A brief description of publication or production notes relevant to the edition, in modern books usually located at the reverse of the title page, but can also sometimes be located at the end of the book, or...
(in red), on folio 263 verso, the manuscript was written in ετει απο χριστου ᾳρξ (1160 year from Christ), but ᾳρξ (1160) was overwritten by later hand, the real year was σχξη (868). It means it was written in 1160 A.D.
The manuscript once belonged to the Archbishop of Ephesus
Ephesus
Ephesus was an ancient Greek city, and later a major Roman city, on the west coast of Asia Minor, near present-day Selçuk, Izmir Province, Turkey. It was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League during the Classical Greek era...
. It was brought to England in 1675 by Philip Traherne
Philip Traherne
Philip Traherne, or Traheron, , English diplomat, author of books....
, English Chaplain at Smyrna
Smyrna
Smyrna was an ancient city located at a central and strategic point on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. Thanks to its advantageous port conditions, its ease of defence and its good inland connections, Smyrna rose to prominence. The ancient city is located at two sites within modern İzmir, Turkey...
in 1669-1674. In 1679 the manuscript was presented by him to the Lambeth Palace Library, along with collation, where it is held to the present day (shelf number 528).
Philip Traheron made first collation and description of the codex. According to Scrivener it was careful collation, but Traheron never before examined manuscripts and his notes shew his ignorance of textual criticism. He bent his attention it its illustration. He has neglected to distinguish readings of prima manu from the corrections made by later hand, both in the text and margin, but Scrivener very seldom detected him in absolute error. Several transcripts of Traherons collation were made, two of them were still available for Scrivener (Burney 24 and Lambeth 528b). Scrivener did not examined them.
John Mill
John Mill
John Mill was an English theologian. He is noted for his critical edition of the Greek New Testament which included notes on many variant readings.-Biography:...
used collation of Traheron in his edition of the Greek New Testament (1709), but very carelessly. John Mill called it Codex Ephesinus. It was added on the list Greek New Testament manuscripts by Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic.-Youth and study:...
, who gave for it number 71. Wettstein saw the codex and its collation in 1746 and wrongly deciphered date of the colophon as 1166. Griesbach
Johann Jakob Griesbach
Johann Jakob Griesbach , German biblical textual critic, was born at Butzbach, a small town in the state of Hesse, where his father, Konrad Kaspar , was pastor...
hesitated between dates 1160 or 1166. Griesbach in his edition of the Greek New Testament cited 5 of its readings of the codex and Scholz only 3 readings in first six chapters of the Gospel of Matthew
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
. Scrivener enumerated 29 various readings in the first six chapters of Matthew.
Scrivener in 1845 used collation of Traheron and compared with the text of the manuscript, and revised it, in regard to changes made by later correctors. Gregory saw the codex in 1883.
The manuscript is not cited in Novum Testamentum Graece
Novum Testamentum Graece
Novum Testamentum Graece is the Latin name editions of the original Greek-language version of the New Testament.The first printed edition was the Complutensian Polyglot Bible by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, printed in 1514, but not published until 1520...
and in editions of United Bible Societies.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
External links
- Minuscule 71 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism