Missing energy
Encyclopedia
In experimental
particle physics
, missing energy refers to energy
which is not detected in a particle detector
, but is not expected due to the laws of Conservation of Mass
and Conservation of Momentum. The laws of Conservation of Mass and Conservation of Momentum provide both for the data obtained in research, which is highly volatile in quantum experimentation and for the precision in objects projected to sense the displacement of nuclear energies after or during collisions. For example, if an electron
and a positron
collide head-on at incorporated momentums in the lab frame
, any net momentum
of outgoing particles indicates missing energy in a cartesian coordinate or abnormal-status direction beyond axial consistency of parts of a dectector with nuclear motions of a collision reaction. Missing energy is generally attributed to a produced spacial vector of particulate nuclear physics that have particles transcending the detectors' range of conception of facts without being detected. Although, apparent missing energy may also be caused by mismeasurement within a field that is also attributed to executive functions of physics on the energy/momentum of detected particles.
In hadron
collider
s, the initial momentum of the colliding parton
s along the beam axis is not known (because the energy of each hadron is split, and constantly exchanged, between its constituents), so the amount of total missing energy cannot be determined. However, the initial energy in particles travelling transverse to the beam axis is zero, so any net momentum in the transverse direction indicates missing transverse energy.
Missing energy is commonly used to infer the presence of non-detectable particles such as the standard model neutrino
and is expected to be a signature of many new physics events.
Experimental physics
Within the field of physics, experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines concerned with the observation of physical phenomena in order to gather data about the universe...
particle physics
Particle physics
Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the existence and interactions of particles that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter or radiation. In current understanding, particles are excitations of quantum fields and interact following their dynamics...
, missing energy refers to energy
Energy
In physics, energy is an indirectly observed quantity. It is often understood as the ability a physical system has to do work on other physical systems...
which is not detected in a particle detector
Particle detector
In experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify high-energy particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a...
, but is not expected due to the laws of Conservation of Mass
Conservation of mass
The law of conservation of mass, also known as the principle of mass/matter conservation, states that the mass of an isolated system will remain constant over time...
and Conservation of Momentum. The laws of Conservation of Mass and Conservation of Momentum provide both for the data obtained in research, which is highly volatile in quantum experimentation and for the precision in objects projected to sense the displacement of nuclear energies after or during collisions. For example, if an electron
Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. It has no known components or substructure; in other words, it is generally thought to be an elementary particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton...
and a positron
Positron
The positron or antielectron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron. The positron has an electric charge of +1e, a spin of ½, and has the same mass as an electron...
collide head-on at incorporated momentums in the lab frame
Laboratory frame of reference
In physics, the laboratory frame of reference, or lab frame for short, is a frame of reference centered on the laboratory in which the experiment is done. This is the reference frame in which the laboratory is at rest...
, any net momentum
Momentum
In classical mechanics, linear momentum or translational momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object...
of outgoing particles indicates missing energy in a cartesian coordinate or abnormal-status direction beyond axial consistency of parts of a dectector with nuclear motions of a collision reaction. Missing energy is generally attributed to a produced spacial vector of particulate nuclear physics that have particles transcending the detectors' range of conception of facts without being detected. Although, apparent missing energy may also be caused by mismeasurement within a field that is also attributed to executive functions of physics on the energy/momentum of detected particles.
In hadron
Hadron
In particle physics, a hadron is a composite particle made of quarks held together by the strong force...
collider
Collider
A collider is a type of a particle accelerator involving directed beams of particles.Colliders may either be ring accelerators or linear accelerators.-Explanation:...
s, the initial momentum of the colliding parton
Parton (particle physics)
In particle physics, the parton model was proposed by Richard Feynman in 1969 as a way to analyze high-energy hadron collisions. It was later recognized that partons describe the same objects now more commonly referred to as quarks and gluons...
s along the beam axis is not known (because the energy of each hadron is split, and constantly exchanged, between its constituents), so the amount of total missing energy cannot be determined. However, the initial energy in particles travelling transverse to the beam axis is zero, so any net momentum in the transverse direction indicates missing transverse energy.
Missing energy is commonly used to infer the presence of non-detectable particles such as the standard model neutrino
Neutrino
A neutrino is an electrically neutral, weakly interacting elementary subatomic particle with a half-integer spin, chirality and a disputed but small non-zero mass. It is able to pass through ordinary matter almost unaffected...
and is expected to be a signature of many new physics events.