Mobile technology
Encyclopedia
Mobile technology is a collective term used to describe the various types of cellular communication technology. Mobile CDMA
technology has evolved quite rapidly over the past few years. Since the beginning of this millennium, a standard mobile device has gone from being no more than a simple two-way pager
to being a cellular phone
, GPS navigation system
, an embedded web browser
, and Instant Messenger
client, and a hand-held video gaming system
. Many experts argue that the future of computer technology rests in mobile
/wireless computing
.
The United States Military is now using Mobile technology as a tool for information dissemination and collection in the battlefield arena.
"Numerous agencies including the Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Intelligence community, and law enforcement are utilizing mobile technology are utilizing mobile technology for information management."
mobile networks is the domination of high-speed packet transmissions or burst traffic in the channels. The same codes used in the 2G
-3G
networks will be applied to future 4G mobile or wireless networks, the detection of very short bursts will be a serious problem due to their very poor partial correlation properties. Recent study has indicated that traditional multi-layer network architecture based on the OSI
model may not be well suited for 4G mobile network, where transactions of short packets will be the major part of the traffic in the channels. As the packets from different mobiles carry completely different channel characteristics, the receiver should execute all necessary algorithm
s, such as channel estimation, interactions with all upper layers and so on, within a very short time to make the detections of each packet flawless and even to reduce the clutter of traffic.
operating system
s available, including: Symbian
, Android, Blackberry
, WebOS, Apple iOS
, Windows Mobile
Professional (touch screen), Windows Mobile Standard (non-touch screen) and Bada OS. Among the most popular are the Apple iPhone, and the newest - Android. Android is a mobile operating system (OS) developed by Google
. Android is the first completely open source
mobile OS, meaning that it is free to any cell phone carrier
. The Apple iPhone
, which has several OSs like the 3G and 3G S, is the most popular smart phone at this time, because of its customizable OS which you can use to download applications ("apps") made by Apple like games, GPS, Utilities, and other tools. Any user can also create their own Apps and publish them to Apple's App Store. The Palm Pre
using WebOS has functionality over the Internet
and is able to support Internet-based programming languages such as CSS
, HTML
, and JavaScript
. The BlackBerry
RIM
is a SmartPhone that has a multimedia player and third-party software installation. The Windows Mobile Professional Smartphones (Pocket PC
or Windows Mobile PDA) are like that of a PDA
and have touchscreen
capabilities. The Windows Mobile Standard does not have a touch screen but uses a trackball
, touchpad
, rockers, etc.
Symbian
is the original smartphone OS, with the richest history and the largest marketshare. Although no single Symbian device has sold as many units as the iPhone, Nokia
and other manufacturers (currently including Sony Ericsson
and Samsung
, and previously Motorola) release a wide variety of Symbian models every year which gives Symbian the greatest marketshare.
claimed that they would ban any of their users that they caught using "peer-to-peer
" (P2P) file sharing
applications on their 3G network. It then became apparent that it would keep any of their users from using their iTunes programs. The users would then be forced to find a Wi-Fi hotspot
in order to be able to download their music. The limitations of wireless networking will not be cured by 4G, as there are simply too many fundamental differences between wireless networking and other means of Internet access. If wireless vendors do not realize these differences and bandwidth
limitations, future wireless customers will find themselves quite disappointed and the market will suffer quite a setback.
Along with the future of a smart phone comes the future of another device. Omnitouch is a device in which applications can be viewed and used on your hand, arm, wall, desk, or any other everyday surface. The device uses a sensor touch interface, which enables the user to access all the functions through the use of finger touch. It was developed at Carnegie-Mellon. This device uses a projection camera which is worn on the person's shoulder, with no other actual controls other than your fingers. A new path of mobile technology will hopefully branch off from OmniTouch.
Code division multiple access
Code division multiple access is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. It should not be confused with the mobile phone standards called cdmaOne, CDMA2000 and WCDMA , which are often referred to as simply CDMA, and use CDMA as an underlying channel access...
technology has evolved quite rapidly over the past few years. Since the beginning of this millennium, a standard mobile device has gone from being no more than a simple two-way pager
Pager
A pager is a simple personal telecommunications device for short messages. A one-way numeric pager can only receive a message consisting of a few digits, typically a phone number that the user is then requested to call...
to being a cellular phone
Mobile phone
A mobile phone is a device which can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link whilst moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile network operator...
, GPS navigation system
GPS navigation device
A GPS navigation device is any device that receives Global Positioning System signals for the purpose of determining the device's current location on Earth...
, an embedded web browser
Web browser
A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier and may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of content...
, and Instant Messenger
Instant messaging
Instant Messaging is a form of real-time direct text-based chatting communication in push mode between two or more people using personal computers or other devices, along with shared clients. The user's text is conveyed over a network, such as the Internet...
client, and a hand-held video gaming system
Handheld game console
A handheld game console is a lightweight, portable electronic device with a built-in screen, game controls and speakers. Handheld game consoles are run on machines of small size allowing people to carry them and play them at any time or place...
. Many experts argue that the future of computer technology rests in mobile
Mobile computing
Mobile computing is a form of human–computer interaction by which a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage. Mobile computing has three aspects: mobile communication, mobile hardware, and mobile software...
/wireless computing
Wireless network
Wireless network refers to any type of computer network that is not connected by cables of any kind. It is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and enterprise installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment...
.
The United States Military is now using Mobile technology as a tool for information dissemination and collection in the battlefield arena.
"Numerous agencies including the Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Intelligence community, and law enforcement are utilizing mobile technology are utilizing mobile technology for information management."
4G networking
One of the most important features in the 4G4G
In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to the 3G and 2G families of standards. In 2009, the ITU-R organization specified the IMT-Advanced requirements for 4G standards, setting peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100 Mbit/s...
mobile networks is the domination of high-speed packet transmissions or burst traffic in the channels. The same codes used in the 2G
2G
2G is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja in 1991...
-3G
3G
3G or 3rd generation mobile telecommunications is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunication services fulfilling the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 specifications by the International Telecommunication Union...
networks will be applied to future 4G mobile or wireless networks, the detection of very short bursts will be a serious problem due to their very poor partial correlation properties. Recent study has indicated that traditional multi-layer network architecture based on the OSI
Open Systems Interconnection
Open Systems Interconnection is an effort to standardize networking that was started in 1977 by the International Organization for Standardization , along with the ITU-T.-History:...
model may not be well suited for 4G mobile network, where transactions of short packets will be the major part of the traffic in the channels. As the packets from different mobiles carry completely different channel characteristics, the receiver should execute all necessary algorithm
Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite list of well-defined instructions for calculating a function. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning...
s, such as channel estimation, interactions with all upper layers and so on, within a very short time to make the detections of each packet flawless and even to reduce the clutter of traffic.
Operating systems
There are many types of SmartphoneSmartphone
A smartphone is a high-end mobile phone built on a mobile computing platform, with more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary feature phone. The first smartphones were devices that mainly combined the functions of a personal digital assistant and a mobile phone or camera...
operating system
Mobile operating system
A mobile operating system, also known as a mobile OS, mobile software platform or a handheld operating system, is the operating system that controls a mobile device or information appliance—similar in principle to an operating system such as Windows, Mac OS X, or Linux distributions that controls a...
s available, including: Symbian
Symbian
Symbian is a mobile operating system and computing platform designed for smartphones and currently maintained by Accenture. The Symbian platform is the successor to Symbian OS and Nokia Series 60; unlike Symbian OS, which needed an additional user interface system, Symbian includes a user...
, Android, Blackberry
BlackBerry OS
BlackBerry OS is a proprietary mobile operating system, developed by Research In Motion for its BlackBerry line of smartphone handheld devices...
, WebOS, Apple iOS
IPhone OS
iOS is Apple's mobile operating system. Originally developed for the iPhone, it has since been extended to support other Apple, Inc. devices such as the iPod Touch, iPad, and Apple TV. Apple, Inc. does not license iOS for installation on third-party hardware...
, Windows Mobile
Windows Mobile
Windows Mobile is a mobile operating system developed by Microsoft that was used in smartphones and Pocket PCs, but by 2011 was rarely supplied on new phones. The last version is "Windows Mobile 6.5.5"; it is superseded by Windows Phone, which does not run Windows Mobile software.Windows Mobile is...
Professional (touch screen), Windows Mobile Standard (non-touch screen) and Bada OS. Among the most popular are the Apple iPhone, and the newest - Android. Android is a mobile operating system (OS) developed by Google
Google
Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program...
. Android is the first completely open source
Open source
The term open source describes practices in production and development that promote access to the end product's source materials. Some consider open source a philosophy, others consider it a pragmatic methodology...
mobile OS, meaning that it is free to any cell phone carrier
Mobile network operator
A mobile network operator , also known as mobile phone operator , carrier service provider , wireless service provider, wireless carrier, or cellular company, or mobile network carrier is a telephone company that provides services for mobile phone subscribers.One essential...
. The Apple iPhone
IPhone
The iPhone is a line of Internet and multimedia-enabled smartphones marketed by Apple Inc. The first iPhone was unveiled by Steve Jobs, then CEO of Apple, on January 9, 2007, and released on June 29, 2007...
, which has several OSs like the 3G and 3G S, is the most popular smart phone at this time, because of its customizable OS which you can use to download applications ("apps") made by Apple like games, GPS, Utilities, and other tools. Any user can also create their own Apps and publish them to Apple's App Store. The Palm Pre
Palm Pre
The Palm Pre is a multimedia smartphone designed and marketed by Palm with a multi-touch screen and a sliding keyboard. The smartphone was the first to use Palm's Linux based mobile operating system, webOS...
using WebOS has functionality over the Internet
Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
and is able to support Internet-based programming languages such as CSS
Cascading Style Sheets
Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation semantics of a document written in a markup language...
, HTML
HTML
HyperText Markup Language is the predominant markup language for web pages. HTML elements are the basic building-blocks of webpages....
, and JavaScript
JavaScript
JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles....
. The BlackBerry
BlackBerry
BlackBerry is a line of mobile email and smartphone devices developed and designed by Canadian company Research In Motion since 1999.BlackBerry devices are smartphones, designed to function as personal digital assistants, portable media players, internet browsers, gaming devices, and much more...
RIM
Research In Motion
Research In Motion Limited or RIM is a Canadian multinational telecommunications company headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada that designs, manufactures and markets wireless solutions for the worldwide mobile communications market...
is a SmartPhone that has a multimedia player and third-party software installation. The Windows Mobile Professional Smartphones (Pocket PC
Pocket PC
A Pocket PC is also known by Microsoft as a 'Windows Mobile Classic device'. It is a hardware specification for a handheld-sized computer, personal digital assistant , that runs the Microsoft 'Windows Mobile Classic' operating system...
or Windows Mobile PDA) are like that of a PDA
Personal digital assistant
A personal digital assistant , also known as a palmtop computer, or personal data assistant, is a mobile device that functions as a personal information manager. Current PDAs often have the ability to connect to the Internet...
and have touchscreen
Touchscreen
A touchscreen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. The term generally refers to touching the display of the device with a finger or hand. Touchscreens can also sense other passive objects, such as a stylus...
capabilities. The Windows Mobile Standard does not have a touch screen but uses a trackball
Trackball
A trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the ball about two axes—like an upside-down mouse with an exposed protruding ball. The user rolls the ball with the thumb, fingers, or the palm of the hand to move a cursor...
, touchpad
Touchpad
A touchpad is a pointing device featuring a tactile sensor, a specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative position on screen. Touch pads are a common feature of laptop computers, and they are also used as a substitute for a mouse where desk...
, rockers, etc.
Symbian
Symbian
Symbian is a mobile operating system and computing platform designed for smartphones and currently maintained by Accenture. The Symbian platform is the successor to Symbian OS and Nokia Series 60; unlike Symbian OS, which needed an additional user interface system, Symbian includes a user...
is the original smartphone OS, with the richest history and the largest marketshare. Although no single Symbian device has sold as many units as the iPhone, Nokia
Nokia
Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communications corporation that is headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, a city neighbouring Finland's capital Helsinki...
and other manufacturers (currently including Sony Ericsson
Sony Ericsson
Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB is a joint venture established on October 1, 2001 by the Japanese consumer electronics company Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson to manufacture mobile phones....
and Samsung
Samsung
The Samsung Group is a South Korean multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea...
, and previously Motorola) release a wide variety of Symbian models every year which gives Symbian the greatest marketshare.
Channel hogging & file sharing
There will be a hit to file sharing, the normal web surfer would want to look at a new web page every minute or so at 100kbs you could get your page pretty quickly. Because of the changes to the security of wireless networks you will not be able to do huge file transfers because the service providers want to cut down on channel hogging. AT&TAT&T
AT&T Inc. is an American multinational telecommunications corporation headquartered in Whitacre Tower, Dallas, Texas, United States. It is the largest provider of mobile telephony and fixed telephony in the United States, and is also a provider of broadband and subscription television services...
claimed that they would ban any of their users that they caught using "peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads among peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the application...
" (P2P) file sharing
File sharing
File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information, such as computer programs, multimedia , documents, or electronic books. It may be implemented through a variety of ways...
applications on their 3G network. It then became apparent that it would keep any of their users from using their iTunes programs. The users would then be forced to find a Wi-Fi hotspot
Hotspot (Wi-Fi)
A hotspot is a site that offers Internet access over a wireless local area network through the use of a router connected to a link to an Internet service provider...
in order to be able to download their music. The limitations of wireless networking will not be cured by 4G, as there are simply too many fundamental differences between wireless networking and other means of Internet access. If wireless vendors do not realize these differences and bandwidth
Bandwidth (computing)
In computer networking and computer science, bandwidth, network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth is a measure of available or consumed data communication resources expressed in bits/second or multiples of it .Note that in textbooks on wireless communications, modem data transmission,...
limitations, future wireless customers will find themselves quite disappointed and the market will suffer quite a setback.
Future of smartphone
The next generation of smartphones is going to be context-aware, taking advantage of the growing availability of embedded physical sensors and data exchange capabilities. One of the main features applying to this is that the phones are going to start keeping track of your personal data, but adapt to anticipate the information you will need based on your intentions. There are going to be all-new applications coming out with the new phones, one of which is an X-Ray device that reveals information about any location at which you point your phone. One thing companies are developing software to take advantage of more accurate location-sensing data. How they described it was as wanting to make the phone a virtual mouse able to click the real world. An example of this is where you can point the phone's camera while having the live feed open and it will show text with the building and saving the location of the building for future use.Along with the future of a smart phone comes the future of another device. Omnitouch is a device in which applications can be viewed and used on your hand, arm, wall, desk, or any other everyday surface. The device uses a sensor touch interface, which enables the user to access all the functions through the use of finger touch. It was developed at Carnegie-Mellon. This device uses a projection camera which is worn on the person's shoulder, with no other actual controls other than your fingers. A new path of mobile technology will hopefully branch off from OmniTouch.
External links
- Next generation SmartPhoneshttp://www.pri.org/science/technology/next-genration-smart-phones1421.html
- What Apple Wants to add to the iPhonehttp://www.macworld.com/article/133755/2008/06/cio_iphonewishlist.html
- Android Mobile Operating Systemhttp://venturebeat.com/2009/07/10/t-mobile-and-google-promote-the-next-generation-of-android-phones/
- About 4G iPhonehttp://www.macworld.com/article/140078/2009/04/seidenberg.html