Monimiaceae
Encyclopedia
Monimiaceae is a family
of flowering plant
s, which includes 150-220 species of shrubs and small trees in 18-25 genera. They are native to the southern hemisphere
tropics and subtropics. The largest genus is Tambourissa
, with 50 species in Madagascar
, the Mascarene Islands
, and the Comoros
. The type genus, Monimia, is endemic to the Macarenes.
The earliest fossil occurrence of the family is from the late Cretaceous
of Antarctica.
Family Monimiaceae
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of flowering plant
Flowering plant
The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
s, which includes 150-220 species of shrubs and small trees in 18-25 genera. They are native to the southern hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
The Southern Hemisphere is the part of Earth that lies south of the equator. The word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' or "half sphere"...
tropics and subtropics. The largest genus is Tambourissa
Tambourissa
Tambourissa is a genus of plant in family Monimiaceae. It contains the following species :* Tambourissa cocottensis, Lorence* Tambourissa pedicellata, Baker...
, with 50 species in Madagascar
Madagascar
The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
, the Mascarene Islands
Mascarene Islands
The Mascarene Islands is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar comprising Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, Cargados Carajos shoals, plus the former islands of the Saya de Malha, Nazareth and Soudan banks...
, and the Comoros
Comoros
The Comoros , officially the Union of the Comoros is an archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa, on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar...
. The type genus, Monimia, is endemic to the Macarenes.
The earliest fossil occurrence of the family is from the late Cretaceous
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous , derived from the Latin "creta" , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide , is a geologic period and system from circa to million years ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period of the...
of Antarctica.
Family Monimiaceae
- Subfamily Hortonioideae
- Genus Hortonia (2 species, native to Sri LankaSri LankaSri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
)
- Genus Hortonia (2 species, native to Sri Lanka
- Subfamily Mollinedioideae
- Tribe Hedycaryeae
- Genus Decarydendron (3 species, MadagascarMadagascarThe Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
) - Genus Ephippiandra (8 species, Madagascar)
- Genus TambourissaTambourissaTambourissa is a genus of plant in family Monimiaceae. It contains the following species :* Tambourissa cocottensis, Lorence* Tambourissa pedicellata, Baker...
(approximately 50 species, Madagascar and the Mascarenes) - Genus HedycaryaHedycaryaHedycarya is a genus of trees and shrubs of the family Monimiaceae. Species occur in South East Asia, New Caledonia, Australia and Polynesia including New Zealand....
(11 species, mostly of New Caledonia, also New ZealandNew ZealandNew Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
, AustraliaAustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
to FijiFijiFiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...
) - Genus Kibaropsis (1 species, New Caledonia)
- Genus Levieria (9 species, QueenslandQueenslandQueensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean...
, New GuineaNew GuineaNew Guinea is the world's second largest island, after Greenland, covering a land area of 786,000 km2. Located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, it lies geographically to the east of the Malay Archipelago, with which it is sometimes included as part of a greater Indo-Australian Archipelago...
to SulawesiSulawesiSulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. In Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger Indonesian populations.- Etymology :The Portuguese were the first to...
) - Genus XymalosXymalosXymalos monospora, commonly known as Lemonwood, is a monotypic species of evergreen tree native to Africa. Xymalos is an Afromontane endemic, and can be found from 900–2700 meters elevation in the highlands of Eastern Africa from Sudan to South Africa, as well as on Mount Cameroon and Bioko in...
(1-3 species in Africa; AfromontaneAfromontaneAfromontane is a term used to describe the Afrotropic subregion and its plant and animal species common to the mountains of Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula...
endemic, from 900-2700 m elevation from Sudan to South Africa, and on Mount CameroonMount CameroonMount Cameroon is an active volcano in Cameroon near the Gulf of Guinea. Mount Cameroon is also known as Cameroon Mountain or Fako or by its native name Mongo ma Ndemi ....
and BiokoBiokoBioko is an island 32 km off the west coast of Africa, specifically Cameroon, in the Gulf of Guinea. It is the northernmost part of Equatorial Guinea with a population of 124,000 and an area of . It is volcanic with its highest peak the Pico Basile at .-Geography:Bioko has a total area of...
).
- Genus Decarydendron (3 species, Madagascar
- Tribe Mollinedieae
- Genus Faika
- Genus Kairoa
- Genus KibaraKibaraKibara is a genus of plant in family Monimiaceae. It contains the following species :* Kibara coriacea, Tulasne...
- Genus Macropeplus
- Genus MatthaeaMatthaeaMatthaea is a genus of plant in family Monimiaceae. It contains the following species :* Matthaea sancta, Blume...
- Genus MollinediaMollinediaMollinedia is a genus of plant in family Monimiaceae. It contains the following species :* Mollinedia argyrogyna, Perkins* Mollinedia butleriana, Standl.* Mollinedia engleriana, Perkins...
- Genus Parakibara
- Genus Steganthera
- Genus Tetrasynandra
- Genus WilkieaWilkieaWilkiea is a genus of dioecious trees and shrubs of the family Monimiaceae. They grow in Australia and New Guinea. Mostly with toothed leaves which have short leaf stems. Leaves with many oil dots...
- Tribe Hennecartieae
- Genus Hennecartia
- Tribe Hedycaryeae