Movement disorder
Encyclopedia
Movement disorders include:
- AkathisiaAkathisiaAkathisia, or acathisia, is a syndrome characterized by unpleasant sensations of inner restlessness that manifests itself with an inability to sit still or remain motionless...
(inability to sit still) - Akinesia (lack of movement)
- Associated Movements (Mirror Movements or Homolateral Synkinesis)
- AthetosisAthetosisAthetosis is a symptom characterized by involuntary convoluted, writhing movements of the fingers, arms, legs, and neck. Movements typical of athetosis are sometimes called athetoid movements. Lesions to the brain are most often the direct cause of the symptoms, particularly to thecorpus striatum...
(contorted torsion or twisting) - AtaxiaAtaxiaAtaxia is a neurological sign and symptom that consists of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements. Ataxia is a non-specific clinical manifestation implying dysfunction of the parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum...
(gross lack of coordination of muscle movements) - Ballismus (violent involuntary rapid and irregular movements)
- HemiballismusHemiballismusHemiballismus is a very rare movement disorder. It is 500 times rarer than Parkinson's disease. Its effects can sometimes be severe enough to prevent patients from being able to perform daily functions. It is usually associated with structural brain lesions but can occur with metabolic abnormalities...
(affecting only one side of the body)
- Hemiballismus
- Bradykinesia (slow movement)
- Cerebral palsyCerebral palsyCerebral palsy is an umbrella term encompassing a group of non-progressive, non-contagious motor conditions that cause physical disability in human development, chiefly in the various areas of body movement....
- ChoreaChorea (disease)Choreia is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias. The term choreia is derived from the Greek word χορεία , see choreia , as the quick movements of the feet or hands are vaguely comparable to dancing or piano playing.The term...
(rapid, involuntary movement)- Sydenham's choreaSydenham's choreaSydenham's chorea or chorea minor is a disease characterized by rapid, uncoordinated jerking movements affecting primarily the face, feet and hands. Sydenham's chorea results from childhood infection with Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococci and is reported to occur in 20-30% of patients with...
- Rheumatic chorea
- Huntington's diseaseHuntington's diseaseHuntington's disease, chorea, or disorder , is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and dementia. It typically becomes noticeable in middle age. HD is the most common genetic cause of abnormal involuntary writhing movements called chorea...
- Sydenham's chorea
- DystoniaDystoniaDystonia is a neurological movement disorder, in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. The disorder may be hereditary or caused by other factors such as birth-related or other physical trauma, infection, poisoning or reaction to...
(sustained torsion)- Dystonia muscularum
- BlepharospasmBlepharospasmA blepharospasm , is any abnormal contraction or twitch of the eyelid....
- Writer's crampWriter's crampWriter's cramp, also called mogigraphia and scrivener's palsy, causes a cramp or spasm affecting certain muscles of the hand and/or fingers. Writer's cramp is a task-specific focal dystonia of the hand...
- Spasmodic torticollisSpasmodic torticollisSpasmodic torticollis is a chronic neurological movement disorder causing the neck to involuntarily turn to the left, right, upwards, and/or downwards. The condition is also referred to as "cervical dystonia". Both agonist and antagonist muscle contract simultaneously during dystonic...
(twisting of head and neck) - Dopamine-responsive dystoniaDopamine-responsive dystoniaDopamine-responsive dystonia , also known as hereditary progressive dystonia with diurnal fluctuation, Segawa's disease, or Segawa's dystonia, is a genetic movement disorder which usually manifests itself during early childhood at around ages 5–8 years .Characteristic symptoms are increased muscle...
(hereditary progressive dystonia with diurnal fluctuation or Segawa's disease)
- GeniospasmGeniospasmGeniospasm is movement disorder of the mentalis muscle.It is a benign but socially excluding genetic disorder linked to chromosome 9q13-q21 where there are episodic involuntary up and down movements of the chin and lower lip...
(episodic involuntary up and down movements of the chin and lower lip) - MyoclonusMyoclonusMyoclonus is brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles. It describes a medical sign and, generally, is not a diagnosis of a disease. Brief twitches are perfectly normal. The myoclonic twitches are usually caused by sudden muscle contractions; they also can result from brief...
(brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles) - Metabolic General Unwellness Movement Syndrome (MGUMS)
- Parkinson's diseaseParkinson's diseaseParkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system...
- Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia
- Restless Legs SyndromeRestless legs syndromeRestless legs syndrome or Willis-Ekbom disease is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations. It most commonly affects the legs, but can affect the arms, torso, and even phantom limbs...
RLS (WittMaack-Ekboms disease) - SpasmSpasmIn medicine a spasm is a sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ, or a similarly sudden contraction of an orifice. It is sometimes accompanied by a sudden burst of pain, but is usually harmless and ceases after a few minutes...
s (contractions) - Stereotypic movement disorderStereotypic movement disorderStereotypic movement disorder is a disorder of childhood involving repetitive, nonfunctional motor behavior , that markedly interferes with normal activities or results in bodily injury, and persists for four weeks or longer. The behavior must not be due to the direct effects of a substance or...
- StereotypyStereotypyA stereotypy is a repetitive or ritualistic movement, posture, or utterance, found in people with mental retardation, autism spectrum disorders, tardive dyskinesia and stereotypic movement disorder. Stereotypies may be simple movements such as body rocking, or complex, such as self-caressing,...
(repetition) - Tardive dyskinesiaTardive dyskinesiaTardive dyskinesia is a difficult-to-treat form of dyskinesia that can be tardive...
- Tic disorderTic disorderTic disorders are defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders based on type and duration of tics...
s (involuntary, compulsive, repetitive, stereotyped)- Tourette's syndromeTourette syndromeTourette syndrome is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by multiple physical tics and at least one vocal tic; these tics characteristically wax and wane...
- Tourette's syndrome
- TremorTremorA tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving to-and-fro movements of one or more body parts. It is the most common of all involuntary movements and can affect the hands, arms, eyes, face, head, vocal folds, trunk, and legs. Most tremors occur in the...
(oscillationOscillationOscillation is the repetitive variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value or between two or more different states. Familiar examples include a swinging pendulum and AC power. The term vibration is sometimes used more narrowly to mean a mechanical oscillation but sometimes...
s)- Rest tremor (4-8 HzHertzThe hertz is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. One of its most common uses is the description of the sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications....
) - Postural tremor
- Kinetic tremor
- Essential tremorEssential tremorEssential tremor is a slowly progressive neurological disorder whose most recognizable feature is a tremor of the arms that is apparent during voluntary movements such as eating and writing...
(6-8 Hz variable amplitudeAmplitudeAmplitude is the magnitude of change in the oscillating variable with each oscillation within an oscillating system. For example, sound waves in air are oscillations in atmospheric pressure and their amplitudes are proportional to the change in pressure during one oscillation...
) - Cerebellar tremor (6-8 Hz variable amplitude)
- Parkinsonian tremors (4-8 Hz variable amplitude)
- Physiological tremor (10-12 Hz low amplitude)
- Rest tremor (4-8 Hz
- Wilson's diseaseWilson's diseaseWilson's disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which copper accumulates in tissues; this manifests as neurological or psychiatric symptoms and liver disease...