Movie and Television Review and Classification Board
Encyclopedia
The Movie and Television Review and Classification Board is the government agency responsible for rating television
and film
for the Philippines
. Recently, the MTRCB was given the additional task of rating various video media (VHS, VCDs, DVDs, etc.). It is under the executive powers of the Office of the President
. The MTRCB is composed of the chairman, vice-chairman and 30 board members. Each one holds office for a term of one year but may be reappointed after the expiration of his/her term. The incumbent chairman of MTRCB is Chairman Mary Grace Poe-Llamanzares, daughter of Fernando Poe, Jr.
and Susan Roces
.
, the MTRCB does not rate video games. This is due to the fact that the Philippines does not produce video games (other than titles from studios such as Anino Games), since most video games are imported, with almost all of it coming from the United States
. Because of that, ratings from the Entertainment Software Rating Board
are seen as the de facto
standard for video game ratings in the Philippines, but legal restrictions (such as prohibition of sales of M-Rated games to minors) usually do not apply, although certain software vendors ask for an ID or any other valid age verification when selling titles such as Grand Theft Auto IV
and other mature-rated games. The MTRCB also does not rate literature
, unlike some other organizations.
The MTRCB is also known to rate films differently from other organizations, examples of which are the Harry Potter
film series, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events
, Batman Begins
, Spider-Man
, The Twilight Saga: New Moon
, and more recently, Shake, Rattle & Roll XI
, which, despite the graphic and potentially disturbing content depicted in the films, were given a rating of G (all ages accepted), despite other countries who imposed a PG-13 rating, and The Da Vinci Code
, which received a R-18 rating, while other countries gave it lower ratings.
However, on this system, there are no pictogram intended for each rating.
However, on October 6, 2011, in order to encourage parents to supervise and be responsible with their children in watching television, two additional television ratings were added, increasing the number to four. These are:
The old graphic that was implemented from the late 1990s to October 5, 2011 consists of a static Parental Guidance (or PG) digital on-screen graphic
(DOG) or text that appeared at the upper left or at the bottom right of the screen during a program if it was rated as such. If there is no graphic, it is understood that a show is rated General Patronage (or GP).
The new ratings were supposed to be composed of G, PG, SPG, and M, but sometime before the implementation of the new system, the set was revised into today's ratings.
The new ratings system is similar to the old one, but the look and the ratings itself was completely revamped. The new ssteym consists a new full-screen advisory of the program's rating and is shown strictly before a program, whatever the rating of such program is. A DOG then appears at the bottom right of the screen during a program if it was rated as such.
The full screen advisory is regularly aired before the program, unlike in the case of the SPG rating: the rating must be aired after every commercial break.
The board gave a deadline of until October 31 for the other national, local, cable, and satellite television networks
to switch onto the new graphic.
myx
, a cable television network affiliated with ABS-CBN, originally adopted the blue PG graphic on October 6 on a majority of their programs, but reverted back to the static 'Parental Guidance' graphic only two weeks after, only in showing music videos with graphic content. The ABS-CBN News Channel
also added the blue 'PG' graphic at the same time as its mother network, but is only applied to its public affairs programs which also air on ABS-CBN. Among local cable networks, only Balls
, Knowledge Channel
, Solar Sports
and Jack TV
continue to adopt the old static 'Parental Guidance' graphic on their programs.
But, three networks namely the Gateway UHF Broadcasting
(which carries the international feed of 3ABN
), Gem TV
and SMNI
still did not adopt the system.
All programmes shown by the television channels are reviewed and classified by the said board. The board may suspend or cancel programmes, but not to remove broadcast licenses. Flagship news programs are not rated by the board but informational and public affairs programmes does.
A movie or television program that receives an X rating may not be shown in Philippine theaters or television, or in any form of public exhibition.
A much publicized use of the X rating by the MTRCB was the issuance of such rating to a documentary film portraying the life of former Philippine president Joseph Estrada
in 2006. Certain portions of the film, especially the portions with regard to the 2001 EDSA Revolution
, were deemed by the MTRCB to be inciting political rebellion, a charge denied by the producers of the documentary.
a certain show for a few days to a few months depending on the violation. The following are the notable, scandalous events that earned shows a suspension.
, who is a former member.
on it, but MTRCB taken the authority of the home videos.
Television
Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
and film
Film
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...
for the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
. Recently, the MTRCB was given the additional task of rating various video media (VHS, VCDs, DVDs, etc.). It is under the executive powers of the Office of the President
President of the Philippines
The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
. The MTRCB is composed of the chairman, vice-chairman and 30 board members. Each one holds office for a term of one year but may be reappointed after the expiration of his/her term. The incumbent chairman of MTRCB is Chairman Mary Grace Poe-Llamanzares, daughter of Fernando Poe, Jr.
Fernando Poe, Jr.
Ronald Allan Poe y Kelley , better known as Fernando Poe, Jr. and colloquially known as FPJ and Da King, was a Filipino actor and cultural icon. From the 1950s, Poe played steadfast film heroes who fight for the common man, which won him respect and admiration...
and Susan Roces
Susan Roces
Jesusa Purificación Sonora , better known as Susan Rocés, is a Filipina actress and widow of Ronald Allan Kelley Poe, better known as Fernando Poe, Jr...
.
Differences with other organizations
Unlike other organizations worldwide, such as the BBFCBritish Board of Film Classification
The British Board of Film Classification , originally British Board of Film Censors, is a non-governmental organisation, funded by the film industry and responsible for the national classification of films within the United Kingdom...
, the MTRCB does not rate video games. This is due to the fact that the Philippines does not produce video games (other than titles from studios such as Anino Games), since most video games are imported, with almost all of it coming from the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. Because of that, ratings from the Entertainment Software Rating Board
Entertainment Software Rating Board
The Entertainment Software Rating Board is a self-regulatory organization that assigns age and content ratings, enforces industry-adopted advertising guidelines, and ensures responsible online privacy principles for computer and video games as well as entertainment software in Canada, Mexico and...
are seen as the de facto
De facto
De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...
standard for video game ratings in the Philippines, but legal restrictions (such as prohibition of sales of M-Rated games to minors) usually do not apply, although certain software vendors ask for an ID or any other valid age verification when selling titles such as Grand Theft Auto IV
Grand Theft Auto IV
Grand Theft Auto IV is a 2008 open world action video game published by Rockstar Games, and developed by British games developer Rockstar North. It has been released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 video game consoles, and for the Windows operating system...
and other mature-rated games. The MTRCB also does not rate literature
Literature
Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources...
, unlike some other organizations.
The MTRCB is also known to rate films differently from other organizations, examples of which are the Harry Potter
Harry Potter (film series)
The Harry Potter film series is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by the British author J. K. Rowling...
film series, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events is a 2004 black comedy film directed by Brad Silberling. It is an adaptation of the The Bad Beginning, The Reptile Room, and The Wide Window, being the first three books in A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket...
, Batman Begins
Batman Begins
Batman Begins is a 2005 American superhero action film based on the fictional DC Comics character Batman, directed by Christopher Nolan. It stars Christian Bale as Batman, along with Michael Caine, Gary Oldman, Liam Neeson, Katie Holmes, Cillian Murphy, Morgan Freeman, Ken Watanabe, Tom Wilkinson,...
, Spider-Man
Spider-Man (film)
Spider-Man is a 2002 American superhero film, the first in the Spider-Man film series based on the fictional Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. It was directed by Sam Raimi and written by David Koepp...
, The Twilight Saga: New Moon
New Moon (2009 film)
The Twilight Saga: New Moon, commonly referred to as New Moon, is a 2009 American romance fantasy-vampire film based on Stephenie Meyer's 2006 novel New Moon. It is the second film in The Twilight Saga film series and is the sequel to 2008's Twilight. Summit Entertainment greenlit the sequel in...
, and more recently, Shake, Rattle & Roll XI
Shake, Rattle & Roll XI
Shake, Rattle & Roll XI is a 2009 Filpino horror film in three acts from Regal Multimedia. It was an entry in the 2009 Metro Manila Film Festival.- Ang Diablo:...
, which, despite the graphic and potentially disturbing content depicted in the films, were given a rating of G (all ages accepted), despite other countries who imposed a PG-13 rating, and The Da Vinci Code
The Da Vinci Code (film)
The Da Vinci Code is a 2006 American mystery thriller film directed by Ron Howard. The screenplay was written by Akiva Goldsman and based on Dan Brown's worldwide bestselling 2003 novel, The Da Vinci Code...
, which received a R-18 rating, while other countries gave it lower ratings.
Motion picture
There are 5 different ratings the board utilizes. These are:| Level | Classification rating | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Unrestricted | G or GP | All ages admitted. |
| PG-13 | Children under 13 must be accompanied by an adult or guardian. | |
| Restricted | R-13 | Strictly for persons 13 years and over. |
| R-18 | Strictly for persons 18 years and over. | |
| X | Not for public viewing. | |
| Discontinued | R | Strictly for persons 17 years old and over. It scopes the modern day ratings R-13 and R-18. |
| PG-7 | Parental guidance for children below seven years old. It is between the modern-day ratings G and PG-13. |
However, on this system, there are no pictogram intended for each rating.
Television
The MTRCB has been implementing a television content rating system in November 1995. Historically, there were only two television ratings used.| Classification rating | Pictogram shown on the screen? |
|---|---|
| General Patronage | No |
| Parental Guidance | Only plain text |
However, on October 6, 2011, in order to encourage parents to supervise and be responsible with their children in watching television, two additional television ratings were added, increasing the number to four. These are:
| Pictogram | Classification rating | English English language English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria... name | Filipino Filipino language This move has drawn much criticism from other regional groups.In 1987, a new constitution introduced many provisions for the language.Article XIV, Section 6, omits any mention of Tagalog as the basis for Filipino, and states that:... name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | General Patronage | Pangkalahatang Manonood | All viewers may watch. | |
| PG | Parental Guidance | Patnubay at Gabay | Parental guidance is stongly recommended. Programmes rated PG may contain sensitive content. | |
| SPG | Strong Parental Guidance | Striktong Patnubay at Gabay | Parental guidance is strictly necessary to watch programs rated SPG. The SPG rating will be introduced in the first quarter of 2012. | |
| None | X | Disapproved for Airing | None | Programs rated X are not recommended for public viewing. |
The old graphic that was implemented from the late 1990s to October 5, 2011 consists of a static Parental Guidance (or PG) digital on-screen graphic
Digital on-screen graphic
A digital on-screen graphic is a watermark-like station logo that many television broadcasters overlay over a portion of the screen-area of their programs to identify the channel...
(DOG) or text that appeared at the upper left or at the bottom right of the screen during a program if it was rated as such. If there is no graphic, it is understood that a show is rated General Patronage (or GP).
The new ratings were supposed to be composed of G, PG, SPG, and M, but sometime before the implementation of the new system, the set was revised into today's ratings.
The new ratings system is similar to the old one, but the look and the ratings itself was completely revamped. The new ssteym consists a new full-screen advisory of the program's rating and is shown strictly before a program, whatever the rating of such program is. A DOG then appears at the bottom right of the screen during a program if it was rated as such.
The full screen advisory is regularly aired before the program, unlike in the case of the SPG rating: the rating must be aired after every commercial break.
Adoptions
Not all television networks in the Philippines adopted the new rating system on October 6.- ABS-CBNABS-CBNABS–CBN Corporation is a Philippine-based media conglomerate. It is the Philippines' largest media and entertainment conglomerate. The corporation was the merger of Alto Broadcasting System which at that time owned by James Lindenberg and Antonio Quirino, and the Chronicle Broadcasting Network ...
, Studio 23Studio 23Studio 23 is a Filipino television network owned by the ABS-CBN Corporation. The network is named for its flagship station in Metro Manila, DWAC-TV, which is carried on UHF channel 23...
and PTV on October 6. - UNTV on October 7.
- GMA NetworkGMA NetworkGMA Network is a major commercial television & radio network in the Philippines. GMA Network is owned by GMA Network, Inc. a publicly listed company...
and GMA News TVGMA News TVGMA News TV is a news and lifestyle-oriented channel in the Philippines. It is owned and operated by GMA Network Inc. through the supervision GMA News and Public Affairs...
on October 10. - TV5Associated Broadcasting CompanyThe Associated Broadcasting Company, Inc is a television network in the Philippines, with main broadcast facilities and transmitter located at 762 Quirino Highway, San Bartolome, Novaliches, Quezon City. The network was previously known as the , Associated Broadcasting Company remains the legal...
, AksyonTVAksyonTVAksyonTV is a 24-hour non-stop news and sports-related channel in the Philippines. Owned and operated by Associated Broadcasting Company, it occupies the frequency previously used by MTV Philippines, a subsidiary of Nation Broadcasting Corporation...
, IBCIntercontinental Broadcasting CorporationIntercontinental Broadcasting Corporation is a Philippine VHF television network of the Government Communications Group headed by the Press Secretary. Its studios are located at Broadcast City, Old Balara, Capitol Hills, Diliman, Quezon City and its transmitter is located at the Coca Cola plant,...
and its sports block AKTVAKTVAKTV is a sports and lifestyle primetime programming block in the Philippines. Owned and operated by TV5, it occupies the 5:00 to 11:00pm timeslot of IBC; weekend coverage usually begins at 10:00 am. It started since June 5, 2011.-History:...
on October 11. - Net 25 on October 12.
- Light TV 33ZOE Broadcasting NetworkZOE Broadcasting Network, Inc. is a Philippine television network of Jesus is Lord Movement leader Eddie Villanueva. ZOE is currently an affiliate of GMA Network. This stations studios and offices are located at 22/F Strata 2000 Bldg, F. Ortigas Jr. Ave., Ortigas Center, Pasig City. With...
on October 14. - ETC, 2nd Avenue, and Talk TVTalk TV (Philippines)Talk TV is an English language all-news and talk channel in the Philippines. It is a joint venture of Southern Broadcasting Network & Solar Entertainment Corporation...
on October 26 respectively. - The Game ChannelThe Game ChannelThe Game Channel is a cable/free TV channel owned and produced by Solar Entertainment Corporation in the Philippines. It is the new sister of the networks Talk TV, ETC, 2nd Avenue, Universal Channel, Jack TV, Basketball TV, Solar Sports, and Diva Universal. It is currently available over Global...
on October 30.
The board gave a deadline of until October 31 for the other national, local, cable, and satellite television networks
Television network
A television network is a telecommunications network for distribution of television program content, whereby a central operation provides programming to many television stations or pay TV providers. Until the mid-1980s, television programming in most countries of the world was dominated by a small...
to switch onto the new graphic.
myx
Myx
myx or MYX is the music channel of ABS-CBN brand and the #1 music channel in the Philippines. It is also a part of Studio 23's program line-up. In 2007, MYX North America was launched in the United States....
, a cable television network affiliated with ABS-CBN, originally adopted the blue PG graphic on October 6 on a majority of their programs, but reverted back to the static 'Parental Guidance' graphic only two weeks after, only in showing music videos with graphic content. The ABS-CBN News Channel
ABS-CBN News Channel
ABS-CBN News Channel or better known as ANC is the Philippines first 24-hour news channel broadcasting both in cable television domestically and in satellite television internationally via The Filipino Channel, owned and operated by the ABS-CBN Corporation under its ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs...
also added the blue 'PG' graphic at the same time as its mother network, but is only applied to its public affairs programs which also air on ABS-CBN. Among local cable networks, only Balls
Balls (TV channel)
Balls is a Filipino sports television network owned by Creative Programs, Inc., a subsidiary of ABS-CBN. It is managed by the sports division of ABS-CBN Corporation, ABS-CBN Sports. The channel operates non-stop 24/7.-History:...
, Knowledge Channel
Knowledge Channel
The Knowledge Channel is the first and only all-educational cable TV channel in the Philippines. Broadcasting 18 hours of curriculum-based programs, it is the foremost source of educational television in the country. To date, the channel is viewed by some 3 million children in 2,000 public...
, Solar Sports
Solar Sports
Solar Entertainment Corporation which also created its sister stations, Talk TV, The Game Channel, ETC, 2nd Avenue, Jack TV, Universal Channel, Diva Universal & Basketball TV, Solar Sports or the Solar Sports Network is a Philippine sports channel owned by Solar Entertainment Corporation...
and Jack TV
Jack TV
Jack TV is a Philippine cable TV network owned by Solar Entertainment Corporation, test launched on May 2005, officially debuting on July 12, 2005. It offers Western comedy, animation, sports entertainment, drama series and reality shows, such as Cartoon Network, USA Network, The CW, MyNetworkTV,...
continue to adopt the old static 'Parental Guidance' graphic on their programs.
But, three networks namely the Gateway UHF Broadcasting
Gateway UHF Broadcasting
Gateway UHF Broadcasting is a television network in the Philippines, affiliated with the religious 3ABN networks. It was established in 1999. This station is located at Sumulong Highway, Block 5, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Antipolo City.-3ABN UHF TV Stations:-Cable Systems:-With several cable TV affiliates...
(which carries the international feed of 3ABN
3ABN
Three Angels Broadcasting Network, or 3ABN for short, is a nonprofit, 24-hour television and radio network that primarily focuses on Christian and health-oriented programming...
), Gem TV
Christian Era Broadcasting Service
Christian Era Broadcasting Service also known as Global Expansion Media Network is a Philippine television and radio network, and a religious broadcast arm of Iglesia ni Cristo. This station studios are located in Quezon City...
and SMNI
Sonshine Media Network International
Sonshine Media Network International is the broadcasting arm of a Philippine television evangelist, Pastor Apollo C. Quiboloy. Based in Davao City, it is available via terrestrial broadcast, cable, and satellite. Its single television channel maintains 24-hour service through regular repetition of...
still did not adopt the system.
All programmes shown by the television channels are reviewed and classified by the said board. The board may suspend or cancel programmes, but not to remove broadcast licenses. Flagship news programs are not rated by the board but informational and public affairs programmes does.
Use of the X rating
A movie shall be disapproved for public viewing if, in the judgment of the board:- The average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that the dominant theme of the work as a whole appeals to prurient interest and satisfies only the craving for gratuitous sex and/or violence.
- The work depicts in a patently lewd, offensive, or demeaning manner, excretory functions and sexual conduct such as sexual intercourseSexual intercourseSexual intercourse, also known as copulation or coitus, commonly refers to the act in which a male's penis enters a female's vagina for the purposes of sexual pleasure or reproduction. The entities may be of opposite sexes, or they may be hermaphroditic, as is the case with snails...
, masturbationMasturbationMasturbation refers to sexual stimulation of a person's own genitals, usually to the point of orgasm. The stimulation can be performed manually, by use of objects or tools, or by some combination of these methods. Masturbation is a common form of autoeroticism...
and exhibition of the genitals. - The work clearly constitutes an attack against any race, creed or religion.
- The work condones or encourages the use of illegal drugsRecreational drug useRecreational drug use is the use of a drug, usually psychoactive, with the intention of creating or enhancing recreational experience. Such use is controversial, however, often being considered to be also drug abuse, and it is often illegal...
and substances. - The work tends to undermine the faith and confidence of the people in their government and/or duly constituted authorities.
- The work glorifies criminals or condones crimes.
- The work is libelous or defamatory to the good name and reputation of any person, whether living or dead.
A movie or television program that receives an X rating may not be shown in Philippine theaters or television, or in any form of public exhibition.
A much publicized use of the X rating by the MTRCB was the issuance of such rating to a documentary film portraying the life of former Philippine president Joseph Estrada
Joseph Estrada
Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada was the 13th President of the Philippines, serving from 1998 until 2001. Estrada was the first person in the Post-EDSA era to be elected both to the presidency and vice-presidency.Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in...
in 2006. Certain portions of the film, especially the portions with regard to the 2001 EDSA Revolution
2001 EDSA Revolution
The EDSA Revolution of 2001, also called by the local media as EDSA II or the Second People Power Revolution, is the common name of the four-day revolution that peacefully overthrew Philippine President Joseph Estrada from January 17–20, 2001...
, were deemed by the MTRCB to be inciting political rebellion, a charge denied by the producers of the documentary.
Local content
Not only does MTRCB rates shows and films, they can also suspendSuspension (punishment)
Suspension is a form of punishment that people receive for violating rules and regulations.- Workplace :Suspension is a common practice in the workplace for being in violation of an organization's policy...
a certain show for a few days to a few months depending on the violation. The following are the notable, scandalous events that earned shows a suspension.
- The Eda Nolan scandal on WowoweeWowoweeWowowee was a Philippine noon-time variety show broadcast by ABS-CBN. The show premiered on February 5, 2005, and aired live on weekdays and Saturdays. The show was also broadcast worldwide through ABS-CBN's The Filipino Channel...
, which happened on May 12, 2007, earned the show a 3-day suspension. - The controversial suspension of a documentary program i-WitnessI-Witnessi-Witness, originally i-Witness: The GMA Documentaries, is an award-winning documentary news and public affairs television show in the Philippines aired every Monday evenings by GMA Network.-Hosts:-2008:*January Episodes...
after showing a unique ritual dance from Laguna "The Lukayo" - The month-long suspension of Showtime due to a inappropriate comment of one of its judge to the Filipino teachers.
- Willing Willie received a month-long suspension after a child named Jan-Jan danced while crying in front of the crowd.
International content
- The TV-channel TVE Internacional'sRTVEThe Corporación de Radio y Televisión Española, S.A. or Corporación Radiotelevisión Española is the state-owned public corporation that assumed the indirect management of the Spanish public radio and television service from Ente Público Radiotelevisión Española in 2007...
broadcast was suspended by the MTRCB because of sexual content. It is unclear if the broadcast had been stopped only by SkyCableSkyCableSkyCable is a direct-to-home cable TV subscription service and the largest cable company in the Philippines. It is established by the Lopez and Central CATV group of companies, and one of ABS-CBN Corporation subsidiaries. In January 1990, SkyCable was founded and started its CATV operation on...
or all cable companies nationwide. - The HBO mini-series EntourageEntourage (TV series)Entourage is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on HBO on July 18, 2004 and concluded on September 11, 2011, after eight seasons...
was blocked for 3 weeks on SkyCableSkyCableSkyCable is a direct-to-home cable TV subscription service and the largest cable company in the Philippines. It is established by the Lopez and Central CATV group of companies, and one of ABS-CBN Corporation subsidiaries. In January 1990, SkyCable was founded and started its CATV operation on...
because it has not yet been reviewed by the MTRCB. But on other cable operators, the series was broadcast without any interruption.
Radio
The Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (KBP; English: Association of Broadcasters of the Philippines), an association unrelated to the government, governs censorship on radio, although it can only reprimand its own members. A network currently not a member of the KBP is GMA NetworkGMA Network
GMA Network is a major commercial television & radio network in the Philippines. GMA Network is owned by GMA Network, Inc. a publicly listed company...
, who is a former member.
Home video
The Optical Media Board formerly governed censorshipCensorship
thumb|[[Book burning]] following the [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|1973 coup]] that installed the [[Military government of Chile |Pinochet regime]] in Chile...
on it, but MTRCB taken the authority of the home videos.
See also
- Television content rating systems
- Motion picture rating systemMotion picture rating systemA motion picture rating system is designated to classify films with regard to suitability for audiences in terms of issues such as sex, violence, substance abuse, profanity, impudence or other types of mature content...
- Politics of the PhilippinesPolitics of the PhilippinesThe Politics of the Philippines takes place in an organized framework of a presidential, representative, and democratic republic whereby the president is both the head of state and the head of government within a pluriform multi-party system...