Murowana Goslina
Encyclopedia
Murowana Goślina m is a town in Poznań County
in western Poland
, with 10,336 inhabitants (2009). It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the major city of Poznań
, on the main road and railway line to Wągrowiec
. The Trojanka stream flows through northern and western parts of the town, reaching the river Warta a few kilometres to the west.
The town is divided into two main parts – the older part of the town to the north, centred on the market square and St. James' church, and the modern estate of Zielone Wzgórza to the south, consisting mainly of blocks of flats and houses built since 1983.
Murowana Goślina is also the seat of the municipality called Gmina Murowana Goślina
, which has a total population of 15,713 (2007) and covers an area of 172 square kilometres (66.4 sq mi). The area around Murowana Goślina contains many lakes and forest areas, particularly within the protected area called Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park
. The region is popular with holiday-makers and day-tripper
s.
Around 1200, outside the wooden palisade
around the wooden church, the ruling family erected a granite tower as a residence. It was this that gave rise to the name Murowana Goślina (murowana meaning "brick-built"), first attested in 1355. In the 13th century a large area on the right bank of the Warta around the Trojanka (then called Wełnianka) belonged to the Gostl family, and Murowana Goślina developed along a new trading route leading northwards from Poznań
to Nakło.
In local colloquial speech the name of the town is normally shortened to just the prefix "Murowana". There is also a village called Długa Goślina ("Long Goślina") about 8 kilometres to the north.
, on the main road and railway line between Poznań and Wągrowiec
. The Trojanka stream (formerly also called Goślinka, Wełnianka or Czarna Wełna) flows through northern and western parts of the town, flowing into the river Warta a few kilometres to the west.
The municipal buildings, library and many shops are situated on or close to the old marketplace in the town centre, which also contains St. James' church (built 1605). However a large part of the town's population lives on the modern Zielone Wzgórza estate (with blocks of flats and houses built from 1983 onwards), which is located to the south of the old part of the town.
Murowana Goślina is also the seat of a municipality (gmina
), called Gmina Murowana Goślina
, which has a total population of 15,713 (2007) and covers an area of 172 square kilometres (66.4 sq mi). The area around Murowana Goślina contains many lakes and forest areas, including the Puszcza Zielonka forest, incorporated into the protected area called Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park
. The region is popular with holiday-makers and day-trippers, and there are a large number of summer vacation properties in the area.
(c. 8000 BC) and the Neolithic
. In a triangle between Murowana Goślina, Długa Goślina and the Warta, early mediaeval treasure from the 10th and early 11th centuries have been found. The area lay on the ancient route from the early Polish capital Gniezno
to western Pomerania
via a crossing of the Warta at Radzim (near today's Starczanowo
).
It is not known when Murowana Goślina received town rights, although it must have occurred before 1389, in the reign of Władysław Jagiełło. In that year there is a reference to the wójt Andrzej of Górka, and in 1391 there is also mentioned a local resident called Staszek. The town took over the function of a castellany
from Radzim.
, built onto the two-storey rectangular tower. In 1651 the town was acquired by Jan Leszczyński, and his family held it until 1694. In 1724-1726 the priest, Filip Woliński, added a presbytery
to the church in place of the earlier apse
. The tower was by this time raised above the level of the church and contained bells. The town was struck by plague on many occasions, and was also devastated during the Swedish Wars.
In the 18th century, under the Gurowski family, the town prospered and many craftsmen were settled there. In 1736 Melchior Gurowski founded the village of Hamer (today's Raduszyn
, just west of the town), where iron, paper and oil were made and grain ground. There were also Dutch settlements (olendry
) around existing villages. In 1752 a new street, Zamkowa ("Castle Street"; now ul. Kochanowskiego) was laid out in the town and a school was opened. In 1763 a potters' guild
received rights and privileges.
In 1782 Jews were allowed to live in the town. In 1785 king Stanisław August granted the town the right to hold fairs, and clothier
s settled there. In 1793, with the Second Partition of Poland
, the town came under Prussian
rule. At that time it had a population of 903, with 99 houses. Most of the population was engaged in crafts and trade. The main street was paved, and on the Warta was a ferry belonging to the town owner. The town's name became Germanized as Murowana Goslin.
In 1807 Murowana Goślina became part of the powiat
of Oborniki
, within the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw
. In 1815 the region returned to Prussia, as part of the Grand Duchy of Posen. A major fire of 1817 destroyed much of the town and led to many families moving elsewhere, although there were also new arrivals. Houses began to be built with adobe
bricks, some of which can still be seen in the older buildings.
In 1830 reconstruction of the parish church began. The tower was taken down and the nave extended, and a sacristy
was added. Later a small tower was added on the presbytery roof and a free-standing bell-tower was built. A wall with two gates was built around the church.
In 1841 the town's lands were acquired by Hans Karol Winterfeld. A mansion was built by the Winterfeld family in the town park (reconstructed in the second half of the century). In 1842 Murowana Goślina had 196 houses and 1554 residents. In the mid 19th century a fine town hall was built on the market square.
A synagogue
had been built in the early 19th century, in the Jewish quarter
of the town to the north of the market square, along ul. Rogozińska (formerly Bydgoska); the synagogie was on ul. Żydowska ("Jewish Street"), now ul. Szkolna ("School Street"). The building was renovated following a major fire in 1847. It was also used as a school for Jewish children. There was also a Jewish cemetery
to the south-west of the town, on the road to Mściszewo
(on the hill on which the Middle School now stands). Both the synagogue and cemetery were later destroyed during the Nazi occupation.
In the Spring of Nations events of 1848, a rebel force consisting of peasants and townsmen blocked communications with northern Greater Poland
.
The economy of the town developed in the second half of the century, thanks to its location on a route northwards from Poznań. Various institutions were formed, including a people's bank (Bank Ludowy) in 1873, a volunteer fire brigade in 1888, craft guild
s which formed the Industrialists' Society (Towarzystwa Przemysłowców) in 1904, and an agricultural organization (Kółko Rolnicze) in 1905. A public library was also founded. A larger Polish school building was erected on ul. Szkolna in 1897.
In 1905 the railway line to Poznań, passing through Murowana Goślina, was opened (by 1908 it extended northwards to Wągrowiec
). A station was built, as well as a road bridge linking the town centre with settlements east of the railway, called Piła Wieś (the district of the town around ul. Wodna was called Piła Miasto, and the mansion – which before the First World War was used as a customs office – appeared on some postcards as Schloss Pila). The new railway was visited twice by German Emperor Wilhelm II.
In 1902–1903, gas pipes were laid in the town, and in 1935 electricity was introduced. The gasworks was close to the junction of ul. Poznańska and ul. Wojska Polskiego (formerly ul. Półwiejska). Near to this was the imperial post office building (still standing). In 1907 the soldiers of the German imperial army appeared in the town and on the market square while carrying out manoeuvres in the Poznań area.
The town's development was slowed by the First World War and the Greater Poland Uprising
of 1918–1919, in which many inhabitants were involved. Rebuilding of the town in the post-war independent Poland was slow. Among organizations founded were the Concordia sports club in 1921, and a church choir in 1926. The town's population grew from 1,595 in 1921 to 2,482 in 1931 and 2,800 in 1933 (2,417 Poles, 337 Germans, 16 Jews). Many of the German population (including Jews) emigrated to Germany in the interwar years. Germans accounted for 14% of the population of the town in the 1930s, and the number of Jewish families had fallen from 18 to two by 1939.
In September 1939, following the German invasion of Poland, a resistance squadron of 40 armed volunteers forced a German patrol to retreat and fired on German engineers repairing a bridge over the Warta. In the first months of the war, 14 citizens of Murowana Goślina were executed, and 85 were taken to concentration camps, of whom 54 did not return. Also 45 soldiers were killed in fighting, four people died in the Katyń massacre
, and many families were displaced.
. For the next 44 years the town would be part of the communist Polish People's Republic. Its population in 1945 was 2,482 (compared with 2,700 in 1939); this increased to 4,399 by 1975, and this figure would more than double in subsequent years, particularly due to the building of the Zielone Wzgórza estate. In 2009 the town's official population was 10,336.
The Zielone Wzgórza ("green gables") estate to the south of the old town was built under the auspices of a housing cooperative
set up originally to provide homes for employees of the Cegielski factory (later "Pressta") in Bolechowo, a short distance to the south. It was planned to provide housing for 6000 people, mainly in blocks of flats. The first buildings were begun in 1983 and completed in 1986, and a primary school on the estate was completed in 1988. A church was built starting in 1990 and completed in 1993, becoming the parish church of Jesus Christ the Highest Archchaplain (Najwyższego Arcykapłana Jezusa Chrystusa). Also in 1990 a public library
was opened on the estate. With the factory experiencing financial difficulties, the housing cooperative separated from the company in 1992, under the name Spółdzielnia Mieszkaniowa "Zielone Wzgórza". Around the year 2000, groups of houses began to be built in addition to blocks. From 2006 the older blocks have been renovated, with thermal insulation
added.
In February 2006 the town council passed a resolution dividing the town into 12 districts (each called an osiedle
), with elected executives having certain limited powers and budget.
The Wielkopolska section of the Way of St. James
passes through Murowana Goślina towards Poznań, part of the pilgrimage route to the tomb of St. James in Santiago de Compostela
, Spain.
). Since the educational reforms of 2001 it has also had two middle schools (gimnazjum), the first a newly built site south of the old centre (on the hill which formerly contained the Jewish cemetery), and the second housed in the same building as the primary school on Zielone Wzgórza (patron Jan Kochanowski
). There is also a school providing higher-level education, housed in the older school building on ul. Szkolna.
Regular bus lines run from Przebędowo
on the northern edge of the town, through central Murowana Goślina and the Zielone Wzgórza estate to Poznań
. PKS
and KSK
coaches also run through the town, and there are local buses running to some of the villages within the gmina
. The rail connection with Wągrowiec
and Poznań
is served mainly by railcar
s.
with the town of Hemmingen
in Lower Saxony
, Germany, and also has a partnership arrangement with Ochotnica Dolna
in southern Poland. As of July 2010 it is also twinned with Yvetot
in Normandy
, France.
Poznan County
Poznań County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Poznań, although the city...
in western Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, with 10,336 inhabitants (2009). It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the major city of Poznań
Poznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...
, on the main road and railway line to Wągrowiec
Wagrowiec
Wągrowiec is a town in northwestern Poland, 50 km from both Poznań and Bydgoszcz. Since the 18th century it has been the a seat of a powiat. It is currently attached to the Greater Poland Voivodeship...
. The Trojanka stream flows through northern and western parts of the town, reaching the river Warta a few kilometres to the west.
The town is divided into two main parts – the older part of the town to the north, centred on the market square and St. James' church, and the modern estate of Zielone Wzgórza to the south, consisting mainly of blocks of flats and houses built since 1983.
Murowana Goślina is also the seat of the municipality called Gmina Murowana Goślina
Gmina Murowana Goslina
Gmina Murowana Goślina is an urban-rural gmina in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Murowana Goślina, which lies approximately north of the regional capital Poznań. The gmina consists of Murowana Goślina and the countryside and villages...
, which has a total population of 15,713 (2007) and covers an area of 172 square kilometres (66.4 sq mi). The area around Murowana Goślina contains many lakes and forest areas, particularly within the protected area called Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park
Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park
Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park is a protected area situated to the north-east of the city of Poznań in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland. It was set up in 1993 and covers an area of . It is made up of parts of the gminas of Czerwonak, Kiszkowo, Murowana Goślina, Pobiedziska and Skoki...
. The region is popular with holiday-makers and day-tripper
Day-tripper
A day-tripper is a person who visits a tourist destination or visitor attraction from his/her home and returns home on the same day.- Definition :In other words, this excursion does not involve a night away from home such as experienced on a holiday...
s.
Name
In mediaeval times the settlement was called Górka (meaning "hill") – this name appears in chronicles from the reigns of Mieszko I and Bolesław the Brave in the late 10th and early 11th centuries. The later name Goślina was derived from the personal name Gostl (related to Polish gość, "guest"), which referred to a warrior from outside the region who was given the local estates as a reward for service to the state. When a church was built in the late 11th century, the place was referred to as Goślina Templi.Around 1200, outside the wooden palisade
Palisade
A palisade is a steel or wooden fence or wall of variable height, usually used as a defensive structure.- Typical construction :Typical construction consisted of small or mid sized tree trunks aligned vertically, with no spacing in between. The trunks were sharpened or pointed at the top, and were...
around the wooden church, the ruling family erected a granite tower as a residence. It was this that gave rise to the name Murowana Goślina (murowana meaning "brick-built"), first attested in 1355. In the 13th century a large area on the right bank of the Warta around the Trojanka (then called Wełnianka) belonged to the Gostl family, and Murowana Goślina developed along a new trading route leading northwards from Poznań
Poznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...
to Nakło.
In local colloquial speech the name of the town is normally shortened to just the prefix "Murowana". There is also a village called Długa Goślina ("Long Goślina") about 8 kilometres to the north.
Geography
Murowana Goślina lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the major city of PoznańPoznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...
, on the main road and railway line between Poznań and Wągrowiec
Wagrowiec
Wągrowiec is a town in northwestern Poland, 50 km from both Poznań and Bydgoszcz. Since the 18th century it has been the a seat of a powiat. It is currently attached to the Greater Poland Voivodeship...
. The Trojanka stream (formerly also called Goślinka, Wełnianka or Czarna Wełna) flows through northern and western parts of the town, flowing into the river Warta a few kilometres to the west.
The municipal buildings, library and many shops are situated on or close to the old marketplace in the town centre, which also contains St. James' church (built 1605). However a large part of the town's population lives on the modern Zielone Wzgórza estate (with blocks of flats and houses built from 1983 onwards), which is located to the south of the old part of the town.
Murowana Goślina is also the seat of a municipality (gmina
Gmina
The gmina is the principal unit of administrative division of Poland at its lowest uniform level. It is often translated as "commune" or "municipality." As of 2010 there were 2,479 gminas throughout the country...
), called Gmina Murowana Goślina
Gmina Murowana Goslina
Gmina Murowana Goślina is an urban-rural gmina in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Murowana Goślina, which lies approximately north of the regional capital Poznań. The gmina consists of Murowana Goślina and the countryside and villages...
, which has a total population of 15,713 (2007) and covers an area of 172 square kilometres (66.4 sq mi). The area around Murowana Goślina contains many lakes and forest areas, including the Puszcza Zielonka forest, incorporated into the protected area called Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park
Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park
Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park is a protected area situated to the north-east of the city of Poznań in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland. It was set up in 1993 and covers an area of . It is made up of parts of the gminas of Czerwonak, Kiszkowo, Murowana Goślina, Pobiedziska and Skoki...
. The region is popular with holiday-makers and day-trippers, and there are a large number of summer vacation properties in the area.
Early history
In the region around Murowana Goślina, there have been archeological finds dating from the PaleolithicPaleolithic
The Paleolithic Age, Era or Period, is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools discovered , and covers roughly 99% of human technological prehistory...
(c. 8000 BC) and the Neolithic
Neolithic
The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BC in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world. It is traditionally considered as the last part of the Stone Age...
. In a triangle between Murowana Goślina, Długa Goślina and the Warta, early mediaeval treasure from the 10th and early 11th centuries have been found. The area lay on the ancient route from the early Polish capital Gniezno
Gniezno
Gniezno is a city in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of Poznań, inhabited by about 70,000 people. One of the Piasts' chief cities, it was mentioned by 10th century A.D. sources as the capital of Piast Poland however the first capital of Piast realm was most likely Giecz built around...
to western Pomerania
Pomerania
Pomerania is a historical region on the south shore of the Baltic Sea. Divided between Germany and Poland, it stretches roughly from the Recknitz River near Stralsund in the West, via the Oder River delta near Szczecin, to the mouth of the Vistula River near Gdańsk in the East...
via a crossing of the Warta at Radzim (near today's Starczanowo
Starczanowo, Poznan County
Starczanowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Murowana Goślina, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Murowana Goślina and north of the regional capital Poznań. It was first mentioned in written records in...
).
It is not known when Murowana Goślina received town rights, although it must have occurred before 1389, in the reign of Władysław Jagiełło. In that year there is a reference to the wójt Andrzej of Górka, and in 1391 there is also mentioned a local resident called Staszek. The town took over the function of a castellany
Castellany
A castellany was a district administered by a castellan.Castellanies appeared during the Middle Ages and in most current states are now replaced by a more modern type of country subdivision....
from Radzim.
17th and 18th centuries
Murowana Goślina was a privately owned town, and changed owners often. From 1593 it was owned by Jan Rozdrażewski, who granted privileges and a coat of arms – a blue shield with three rosettes on a silver diagonal stripe (an angel was added in the 18th century). In 1605 the old wooden church was replaced with a brick church with a single naveNave
In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting...
, built onto the two-storey rectangular tower. In 1651 the town was acquired by Jan Leszczyński, and his family held it until 1694. In 1724-1726 the priest, Filip Woliński, added a presbytery
Presbytery (architecture)
The presbytery is the name for an area in a church building which is reserved for the clergy.In the oldest church it is separated by short walls, by small columns and pilasters in the Renaissance ones; it can also be raised, being reachable by a few steps, usually with railings....
to the church in place of the earlier apse
Apse
In architecture, the apse is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome...
. The tower was by this time raised above the level of the church and contained bells. The town was struck by plague on many occasions, and was also devastated during the Swedish Wars.
In the 18th century, under the Gurowski family, the town prospered and many craftsmen were settled there. In 1736 Melchior Gurowski founded the village of Hamer (today's Raduszyn
Raduszyn
Raduszyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Murowana Goślina, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies immediately to the west of the town of Murowana Goślina, approximately west of the town centre, and north of the regional capital Poznań...
, just west of the town), where iron, paper and oil were made and grain ground. There were also Dutch settlements (olendry
Olendry
Olendry may refer to the following places:*Olendry, Greater Poland Voivodeship *Olendry, Łódź Voivodeship *Olendry, Podlaskie Voivodeship...
) around existing villages. In 1752 a new street, Zamkowa ("Castle Street"; now ul. Kochanowskiego) was laid out in the town and a school was opened. In 1763 a potters' guild
Guild
A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade. The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of workers. They were organized in a manner something between a trade union, a cartel, and a secret society...
received rights and privileges.
In 1782 Jews were allowed to live in the town. In 1785 king Stanisław August granted the town the right to hold fairs, and clothier
Clothier
Clothier may refer to one of the following professions:*Tailor - the most common modern usage*Cloth merchant*A cloth manufacturer - see cloth productionAs a surname, Clothier may refer to one of the following individuals:...
s settled there. In 1793, with the Second Partition of Poland
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the second of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the War in Defense of the Constitution and the Targowica Confederation of 1792...
, the town came under Prussian
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
rule. At that time it had a population of 903, with 99 houses. Most of the population was engaged in crafts and trade. The main street was paved, and on the Warta was a ferry belonging to the town owner. The town's name became Germanized as Murowana Goslin.
19th century
In 1784–1803 a Protestant church was built near the north-east corner of the market square, with a German school close to it. A Polish school would be built in the first half of the 19th century on Zamkowa (Kochanowskiego), opposite a medical centre. Catholic and Protestant cemeteries came to exist on hills on opposite sides of the road leading south to Poznań (the Catholic cemetery, on the western side, is still functional, but the Protestant cemetery on the eastern side is in a ruined state).In 1807 Murowana Goślina became part of the powiat
Powiat
A powiat is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture in other countries. The term powiat is most often translated into English as "county", although other terms are also sometimes used...
of Oborniki
Oborniki
Oborniki is a town in Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, about 30 km north of Poznań. It is the capital of Oborniki County and of Gmina Oborniki. Its population is 18,176 .-External links:* *...
, within the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw
Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw was a Polish state established by Napoleon I in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit. The duchy was held in personal union by one of Napoleon's allies, King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony...
. In 1815 the region returned to Prussia, as part of the Grand Duchy of Posen. A major fire of 1817 destroyed much of the town and led to many families moving elsewhere, although there were also new arrivals. Houses began to be built with adobe
Adobe
Adobe is a natural building material made from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material , which the builders shape into bricks using frames and dry in the sun. Adobe buildings are similar to cob and mudbrick buildings. Adobe structures are extremely durable, and account for...
bricks, some of which can still be seen in the older buildings.
In 1830 reconstruction of the parish church began. The tower was taken down and the nave extended, and a sacristy
Sacristy
A sacristy is a room for keeping vestments and other church furnishings, sacred vessels, and parish records.The sacristy is usually located inside the church, but in some cases it is an annex or separate building...
was added. Later a small tower was added on the presbytery roof and a free-standing bell-tower was built. A wall with two gates was built around the church.
In 1841 the town's lands were acquired by Hans Karol Winterfeld. A mansion was built by the Winterfeld family in the town park (reconstructed in the second half of the century). In 1842 Murowana Goślina had 196 houses and 1554 residents. In the mid 19th century a fine town hall was built on the market square.
A synagogue
Synagogue
A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. This use of the Greek term synagogue originates in the Septuagint where it sometimes translates the Hebrew word for assembly, kahal...
had been built in the early 19th century, in the Jewish quarter
Jewish quarter (diaspora)
In the Jewish Diaspora, a Jewish quarter is the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews. Jewish quarters, like the Jewish ghettos in Europe, were often the outgrowths of segregated ghettos instituted by the surrounding Christian authorities. A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or...
of the town to the north of the market square, along ul. Rogozińska (formerly Bydgoska); the synagogie was on ul. Żydowska ("Jewish Street"), now ul. Szkolna ("School Street"). The building was renovated following a major fire in 1847. It was also used as a school for Jewish children. There was also a Jewish cemetery
Jewish cemetery
A Jewish cemetery is a cemetery where members of the Jewish faith are buried in keeping with Jewish tradition....
to the south-west of the town, on the road to Mściszewo
Msciszewo
Mściszewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Murowana Goślina, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Murowana Goślina and north of the regional capital Poznań. The village has a population of 292.Mściszewo...
(on the hill on which the Middle School now stands). Both the synagogue and cemetery were later destroyed during the Nazi occupation.
In the Spring of Nations events of 1848, a rebel force consisting of peasants and townsmen blocked communications with northern Greater Poland
Greater Poland
Greater Poland or Great Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief city is Poznań.The boundaries of Greater Poland have varied somewhat throughout history...
.
The economy of the town developed in the second half of the century, thanks to its location on a route northwards from Poznań. Various institutions were formed, including a people's bank (Bank Ludowy) in 1873, a volunteer fire brigade in 1888, craft guild
Guild
A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade. The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of workers. They were organized in a manner something between a trade union, a cartel, and a secret society...
s which formed the Industrialists' Society (Towarzystwa Przemysłowców) in 1904, and an agricultural organization (Kółko Rolnicze) in 1905. A public library was also founded. A larger Polish school building was erected on ul. Szkolna in 1897.
20th century
In 1901 the town had a population of 1,513, of whom 982 were classed as Polish, 427 as German and 104 as Jewish.In 1905 the railway line to Poznań, passing through Murowana Goślina, was opened (by 1908 it extended northwards to Wągrowiec
Wagrowiec
Wągrowiec is a town in northwestern Poland, 50 km from both Poznań and Bydgoszcz. Since the 18th century it has been the a seat of a powiat. It is currently attached to the Greater Poland Voivodeship...
). A station was built, as well as a road bridge linking the town centre with settlements east of the railway, called Piła Wieś (the district of the town around ul. Wodna was called Piła Miasto, and the mansion – which before the First World War was used as a customs office – appeared on some postcards as Schloss Pila). The new railway was visited twice by German Emperor Wilhelm II.
In 1902–1903, gas pipes were laid in the town, and in 1935 electricity was introduced. The gasworks was close to the junction of ul. Poznańska and ul. Wojska Polskiego (formerly ul. Półwiejska). Near to this was the imperial post office building (still standing). In 1907 the soldiers of the German imperial army appeared in the town and on the market square while carrying out manoeuvres in the Poznań area.
The town's development was slowed by the First World War and the Greater Poland Uprising
Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919)
The Greater Poland Uprising of 1918–1919, or Wielkopolska Uprising of 1918–1919 or Posnanian War was a military insurrection of Poles in the Greater Poland region against Germany...
of 1918–1919, in which many inhabitants were involved. Rebuilding of the town in the post-war independent Poland was slow. Among organizations founded were the Concordia sports club in 1921, and a church choir in 1926. The town's population grew from 1,595 in 1921 to 2,482 in 1931 and 2,800 in 1933 (2,417 Poles, 337 Germans, 16 Jews). Many of the German population (including Jews) emigrated to Germany in the interwar years. Germans accounted for 14% of the population of the town in the 1930s, and the number of Jewish families had fallen from 18 to two by 1939.
In September 1939, following the German invasion of Poland, a resistance squadron of 40 armed volunteers forced a German patrol to retreat and fired on German engineers repairing a bridge over the Warta. In the first months of the war, 14 citizens of Murowana Goślina were executed, and 85 were taken to concentration camps, of whom 54 did not return. Also 45 soldiers were killed in fighting, four people died in the Katyń massacre
Katyn massacre
The Katyn massacre, also known as the Katyn Forest massacre , was a mass execution of Polish nationals carried out by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs , the Soviet secret police, in April and May 1940. The massacre was prompted by Lavrentiy Beria's proposal to execute all members of...
, and many families were displaced.
Since the Second World War
The town was liberated on 21 January 1945, and on 23 January a civic militia (Milicja Obywatelska) was formed. The retreating Germans burnt down the railway station, the interwar post office at the junction of ul. Rogozińska and ul. Młyńska, and the occupiers' administrative building (Amtskomissariat) on the north side of the market square. Also destroyed by the occupiers during the war were the wall around the church, the church bell-tower, and the figures of the Madonna and Child, St. John Nepomucen and St. LaurenceSaint Lawrence
Lawrence of Rome was one of the seven deacons of ancient Rome who were martyred during the persecution of Valerian in 258.- Holy Chalice :...
. For the next 44 years the town would be part of the communist Polish People's Republic. Its population in 1945 was 2,482 (compared with 2,700 in 1939); this increased to 4,399 by 1975, and this figure would more than double in subsequent years, particularly due to the building of the Zielone Wzgórza estate. In 2009 the town's official population was 10,336.
The Zielone Wzgórza ("green gables") estate to the south of the old town was built under the auspices of a housing cooperative
Housing cooperative
A housing cooperative is a legal entity—usually a corporation—that owns real estate, consisting of one or more residential buildings. Each shareholder in the legal entity is granted the right to occupy one housing unit, sometimes subject to an occupancy agreement, which is similar to a lease. ...
set up originally to provide homes for employees of the Cegielski factory (later "Pressta") in Bolechowo, a short distance to the south. It was planned to provide housing for 6000 people, mainly in blocks of flats. The first buildings were begun in 1983 and completed in 1986, and a primary school on the estate was completed in 1988. A church was built starting in 1990 and completed in 1993, becoming the parish church of Jesus Christ the Highest Archchaplain (Najwyższego Arcykapłana Jezusa Chrystusa). Also in 1990 a public library
Library
In a traditional sense, a library is a large collection of books, and can refer to the place in which the collection is housed. Today, the term can refer to any collection, including digital sources, resources, and services...
was opened on the estate. With the factory experiencing financial difficulties, the housing cooperative separated from the company in 1992, under the name Spółdzielnia Mieszkaniowa "Zielone Wzgórza". Around the year 2000, groups of houses began to be built in addition to blocks. From 2006 the older blocks have been renovated, with thermal insulation
Building insulation
building insulation refers broadly to any object in a building used as insulation for any purpose. While the majority of insulation in buildings is for thermal purposes, the term also applies to acoustic insulation, fire insulation, and impact insulation...
added.
In February 2006 the town council passed a resolution dividing the town into 12 districts (each called an osiedle
Osiedle
Osiedle is a term used in Poland to denote a designated subdivision of a city or town, or of a dzielnica, with its own council and executive. Like the dzielnica and sołectwo, an osiedle is an auxiliary unit of a gmina. These units are created by decision of the gmina council, and do not have...
), with elected executives having certain limited powers and budget.
Monuments and attractions
Historic buildings and other sites of interest in Murowana Goślina include:- St. James' Church (see above).
- Church of the Holy Spirit, built in 1784–1803 in ClassicalClassical architectureClassical architecture is a mode of architecture employing vocabulary derived in part from the Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, enriched by classicizing architectural practice in Europe since the Renaissance...
style as a Protestant church, now used as an auxiliary church by the Roman Catholic parish. - Winterfelds' Palace in the park south of the town and district offices (see above). The park contains a 700-year-old yewTaxus baccataTaxus baccata is a conifer native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia. It is the tree originally known as yew, though with other related trees becoming known, it may be now known as the English yew, or European yew.-Description:It is a small-...
tree with five trunks. - Regional Museum in the town library, located in the old town hall on the market square.
- Late 19th-century building at ul. Rogozińska 33, formerly an inn (Cohn's Gasthof).
- 19th-century building at ul. Poznańska 34, formerly the Hotel de Posen with adjoining concert hall.
- Pre-World War I half-timbered villa at ul. Poznańska 28.
- An old lime tree, classed as a natural monumentNatural MonumentA natural monument is a natural or natural/cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance....
, near the Concordia stadium on ul. Mściszewska.
The Wielkopolska section of the Way of St. James
Way of St. James
The Way of St. James or St. James' Way is the pilgrimage route to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia in northwestern Spain, where tradition has it that the remains of the apostle Saint James are buried....
passes through Murowana Goślina towards Poznań, part of the pilgrimage route to the tomb of St. James in Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain.The city's Cathedral is the destination today, as it has been throughout history, of the important 9th century medieval pilgrimage route, the Way of St. James...
, Spain.
Education
The town has two primary schools, the first on ul. Szkolna north of the old town centre, and the second on Zielone Wzgórza (opened 1992, patron Henryk SienkiewiczHenryk Sienkiewicz
Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz was a Polish journalist and Nobel Prize-winning novelist. A Polish szlachcic of the Oszyk coat of arms, he was one of the most popular Polish writers at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1905 for his...
). Since the educational reforms of 2001 it has also had two middle schools (gimnazjum), the first a newly built site south of the old centre (on the hill which formerly contained the Jewish cemetery), and the second housed in the same building as the primary school on Zielone Wzgórza (patron Jan Kochanowski
Jan Kochanowski
Jan Kochanowski was a Polish Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish literary language.He is commonly regarded as the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz, and the greatest Slavic poet, prior to the 19th century.-Life:Kochanowski was born at...
). There is also a school providing higher-level education, housed in the older school building on ul. Szkolna.
Transport
Przebedowo
Przebędowo may refer to:*Przebędowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship *Przebędowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship *Przebędowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship *Przebędowo *Przebędowo Lęborskie...
on the northern edge of the town, through central Murowana Goślina and the Zielone Wzgórza estate to Poznań
Poznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...
. PKS
Panstwowa Komunikacja Samochodowa
Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Samochodowej is a major Polish enterprise dealing with public transport.-History:...
and KSK
KSK
KSK may refer to:* Karşıyaka S.K., a sports club from Izmir, Turkey* Kill Switch...Klick, an American industrial band* Kissing Suzy Kolber, a sports blog* Kommando Spezialkräfte, part of Germany's Special Forces...
coaches also run through the town, and there are local buses running to some of the villages within the gmina
Gmina Murowana Goslina
Gmina Murowana Goślina is an urban-rural gmina in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Murowana Goślina, which lies approximately north of the regional capital Poznań. The gmina consists of Murowana Goślina and the countryside and villages...
. The rail connection with Wągrowiec
Wagrowiec
Wągrowiec is a town in northwestern Poland, 50 km from both Poznań and Bydgoszcz. Since the 18th century it has been the a seat of a powiat. It is currently attached to the Greater Poland Voivodeship...
and Poznań
Poznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...
is served mainly by railcar
Railcar
A railcar, in British English and Australian English, is a self-propelled railway vehicle designed to transport passengers. The term "railcar" is usually used in reference to a train consisting of a single coach , with a driver's cab at one or both ends. Some railways, e.g., the Great Western...
s.
Twin towns
Murowana Goślina is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with the town of Hemmingen
Hemmingen
Hemmingen is a town in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approx. 6 km south of Hanover.Up until December 2004, Hemmingen belonged to the Regierungsbezirk Hannover, which was dissolved in January 2005.-Districts:...
in Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony is a German state situated in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen states of Germany...
, Germany, and also has a partnership arrangement with Ochotnica Dolna
Ochotnica Dolna
Ochotnica Dolna is a village in Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Ochotnica Dolna. It lies approximately east of Nowy Targ and south-east of the regional capital Kraków.The village has a population of 2,100.-References:...
in southern Poland. As of July 2010 it is also twinned with Yvetot
Yvetot
Yvetot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-History:The name is of Scandinavian origin . The town is most likely of Scandinavian origin too. There is also a locality in Bromölla municipality in southern Sweden bearing the same name...
in Normandy
Normandy
Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is in France.The continental territory covers 30,627 km² and forms the preponderant part of Normandy and roughly 5% of the territory of France. It is divided for administrative purposes into two régions:...
, France.