Mykhailo Yalovy
Encyclopedia
Mykhailo Yalovy (born June 5, 1895 in the village of Dar-Nadezhda, Kostiantynhrad uyezd
, in the Poltava Governorate
(today Kharkiv Oblast
) of the Russian Empire
- died November 3, 1937 in Svirlag
, Leningrad Oblast
, Soviet Union
) was a Ukrainian
communist poet
-futurist
, prosaic
, drama writer
.
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. He had two brothers Kostiantyn and Hryhoriy. His general education he obtained in Myrhorod
gymnasium
in 1916. After that he enrolled in the Medical Department of the Kiev University of Saint Vladimir
. There he completely is dove into a revolutionary activity becoming a member of one of the most influential of that political lifetime party of socialist-revolutionaries
(essery or SR).
Since the beginning of the February Revolution
he returned to Kostiantynhrad (today Krasnohrad
) where he headed a revolutionary committee. Later he was elected to the Executive Committee of the Kostiantynhrad Council of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. After the left wing of essery split in 1918 as a separate party of Borotbists
he became their one of the most distinct members. He took active participation in issuing of newspapers Borotba (Struggle) and Selianska bidnota (Poor peasantry) for the last of which he became a director. About at the same time he also works as a chief editor in the newspaper Peasant and Worker, the instructional-agitation locomotive of the Head of Central Executive Committee of Ukraine Hryhoriy Petrovsky.
He provides active underground work in Odessa and Kherson region. There he was organizing a fight against the German occupational forces and Hetman-followers. In 1919 as part of the Borotbist delegation he visited Halychyna.
. For sometime he was located in Moscow
as a representative of the Ukrainian government. In 1921 together with Mykahilo Symenko and Vasyl Aleshko created the Strike group of poet-futurists in Kharkiv
. Together with Oleksa Slisarenko and Mykola Bazhan
Yalovy became a member of Hart in 1925, later the same year with several members of Hart he creates VAPLITE
becoming its president.
In 1926 Yalovy published an article Saint-Petersburg's kholuystvo (kholuystvo is a derogatory Russian word for ignorance
) in the defense of the national Ukrainian culture that was triggered by another article of the Leningrad magazine Zhyzn isskustva (#14), Self-determination or chauvinism?. On November 20, 1926 he was fired together with Mykola Khvyliovy from the editorial collegiate of Chervony Shliakh
by the order of the Politburo of Central Committee Communist Party of Ukraine (bilshovyks)
. Later him, Dosvitny, and Khvyliovy left VAPLITE
in order to save the organization, but at the end it was forces to dissolve on its own.
. On May 31, 1933 he was excluded from the ranks of the CPU(b)
under the motivation that he infiltrated its ranks with a goal of creation a counterrevolutionary fascist organization that was aimed to sack the Soviet government. Yalovy was accused in spying activity for a Polish consulate, Shumskizm, and in preparing a crime attempt against the first secretary of CPU(b) Pavel Postyshev
(Kharkiv-city and oblast). He has not recognized himself guilty.
Yalovy was sentenced to 10 years in correctional-labor camps (ITL, part of GULAG
). At the meeting of the special NKVD troika
of Leningrad Oblast
his case was reviewed once again and by the decision of October 9, 1937 Yalovy was sentenced to the highest degree of punishment, a death by a firing squad. The execution took place on November 3, 1937 in Svirlag
OGPU (Lodeynoye Pole
), other data states of Sandarmokh
near Medvezhyegorsk
. On June 19, 1957 the conviction was canceled for the absence of state of crime by the Military tribunal
of Leningrad Military District
(LVO).
Uyezd
Uyezd or uezd was an administrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR which was in use from the 13th century. Uyezds for most of the history in Russia were a secondary-level of administrative division...
, in the Poltava Governorate
Poltava Governorate
The Poltava Governorate or Government of Poltava was a guberniya in the historical Left-bank Ukraine region of the Russian Empire, which was officially created in 1802 from the disbanded Malorossiya Governorate which was split between the Chernigov Governorate and Poltava Governorate with an...
(today Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast is an oblast in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west...
) of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
- died November 3, 1937 in Svirlag
Svirlag
Svirlag, SvirLAG was a Soviet forced labour camp run by NKVD's GULAG Directorate...
, Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position...
, Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
) was a Ukrainian
Ukrainians
Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
communist poet
Poet
A poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
-futurist
Futurism (literature)
Futurism was a modernist avant-garde movement in literature that made its official debut with the publication of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's Manifesto of Futurism . Futurist poetry may be characterised by its unexpected combinations of images and its hyper-conciseness...
, prosaic
Prose
Prose is the most typical form of written language, applying ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure...
, drama writer
Playwright
A playwright, also called a dramatist, is a person who writes plays.The term is not a variant spelling of "playwrite", but something quite distinct: the word wright is an archaic English term for a craftsman or builder...
.
Yearly years and the Revolution
Yalovy was born in a family of volostVolost
Volost was a traditional administrative subdivision in Eastern Europe.In earlier East Slavic history, volost was a name for the territory ruled by the knyaz, a principality; either as an absolute ruler or with varying degree of autonomy from the Velikiy Knyaz...
scribe
Scribe
A scribe is a person who writes books or documents by hand as a profession and helps the city keep track of its records. The profession, previously found in all literate cultures in some form, lost most of its importance and status with the advent of printing...
. He had two brothers Kostiantyn and Hryhoriy. His general education he obtained in Myrhorod
Myrhorod
Myrhorod or Mirgorod is a city in the Poltava Oblast of central Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Myrhorodskyi Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast, and is located on the river Khorol.-History:The town was founded either in the 12th...
gymnasium
Gymnasium (school)
A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar schools or sixth form colleges and U.S. college preparatory high schools. The word γυμνάσιον was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual...
in 1916. After that he enrolled in the Medical Department of the Kiev University of Saint Vladimir
Kiev University
Taras Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , colloquially known in Ukrainian as KNU is located in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It is the third oldest university in Ukraine after the University of Lviv and Kharkiv University. Currently, its structure...
. There he completely is dove into a revolutionary activity becoming a member of one of the most influential of that political lifetime party of socialist-revolutionaries
Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party
Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party was a political party in the Russian Empire from 1907-1917. It was simply referred as Essery and was one of the most influential in Ukraine as it was representing the interest of the major social class - peasants...
(essery or SR).
Since the beginning of the February Revolution
February Revolution
The February Revolution of 1917 was the first of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. Centered around the then capital Petrograd in March . Its immediate result was the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the end of the Romanov dynasty, and the end of the Russian Empire...
he returned to Kostiantynhrad (today Krasnohrad
Krasnohrad
Krasnohrad or Krasnograd is a city in Kharkiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its population is 22,670 .Located on the river Berestovoy 101 km to the west of the city of Kharkiv. Through the city passes the Moscow–Simferopol highway and railway lines to Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Poltava, Lozovuyu...
) where he headed a revolutionary committee. Later he was elected to the Executive Committee of the Kostiantynhrad Council of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. After the left wing of essery split in 1918 as a separate party of Borotbists
Borotbists
The Borotba Party was a peasant based left-nationalist political party in Ukraine. It arose in May 1918 after the split in the Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party on the basis of supporting Soviet power in Ukraine. Similar to Russian Left-SR it got its name from the central organ of the...
he became their one of the most distinct members. He took active participation in issuing of newspapers Borotba (Struggle) and Selianska bidnota (Poor peasantry) for the last of which he became a director. About at the same time he also works as a chief editor in the newspaper Peasant and Worker, the instructional-agitation locomotive of the Head of Central Executive Committee of Ukraine Hryhoriy Petrovsky.
He provides active underground work in Odessa and Kherson region. There he was organizing a fight against the German occupational forces and Hetman-followers. In 1919 as part of the Borotbist delegation he visited Halychyna.
Creative work and activism
In 1920 Yalovy enrolled into the CPU(b)Communist Party of Ukraine
The Communist Party of Ukraine is a political party in Ukraine, currently led by Petro Symonenko.The party fights the Ukrainian national self-determination by identifying any Ukrainian national parties as the National-Fascist ones The Communist Party of Ukraine is a political party in Ukraine,...
. For sometime he was located in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
as a representative of the Ukrainian government. In 1921 together with Mykahilo Symenko and Vasyl Aleshko created the Strike group of poet-futurists in Kharkiv
Kharkiv
Kharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv became the first city in Ukraine where the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in December 1917 and Soviet government was...
. Together with Oleksa Slisarenko and Mykola Bazhan
Mykola Bazhan
Mykola Platonovych Bazhan was a Soviet Ukrainian writer and poet. He was awarded the Stalin Prize ....
Yalovy became a member of Hart in 1925, later the same year with several members of Hart he creates VAPLITE
VAPLITE
Vilna Akademia Proletarskoi LITEratury was a literary union in Ukraine. It was established in Kharkiv and existed from January, 1926 to January 28, 1928....
becoming its president.
In 1926 Yalovy published an article Saint-Petersburg's kholuystvo (kholuystvo is a derogatory Russian word for ignorance
Ignorance
Ignorance is a state of being uninformed . The word ignorant is an adjective describing a person in the state of being unaware and is often used as an insult...
) in the defense of the national Ukrainian culture that was triggered by another article of the Leningrad magazine Zhyzn isskustva (#14), Self-determination or chauvinism?. On November 20, 1926 he was fired together with Mykola Khvyliovy from the editorial collegiate of Chervony Shliakh
Chervony Shliakh
Chervony Shliach — political and literary-scientific monthly that was founded in 1923, Kharkiv. It continued to be published until February 1936.- History :...
by the order of the Politburo of Central Committee Communist Party of Ukraine (bilshovyks)
Communist Party of Ukraine
The Communist Party of Ukraine is a political party in Ukraine, currently led by Petro Symonenko.The party fights the Ukrainian national self-determination by identifying any Ukrainian national parties as the National-Fascist ones The Communist Party of Ukraine is a political party in Ukraine,...
. Later him, Dosvitny, and Khvyliovy left VAPLITE
VAPLITE
Vilna Akademia Proletarskoi LITEratury was a literary union in Ukraine. It was established in Kharkiv and existed from January, 1926 to January 28, 1928....
in order to save the organization, but at the end it was forces to dissolve on its own.
Arrest
Mykhailo Yalovy was arrested on the night of May 12/13 in 1933 during the search of his apartment by the agents of GPU Ukrainian SSRUkrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
. On May 31, 1933 he was excluded from the ranks of the CPU(b)
Communist Party of Ukraine
The Communist Party of Ukraine is a political party in Ukraine, currently led by Petro Symonenko.The party fights the Ukrainian national self-determination by identifying any Ukrainian national parties as the National-Fascist ones The Communist Party of Ukraine is a political party in Ukraine,...
under the motivation that he infiltrated its ranks with a goal of creation a counterrevolutionary fascist organization that was aimed to sack the Soviet government. Yalovy was accused in spying activity for a Polish consulate, Shumskizm, and in preparing a crime attempt against the first secretary of CPU(b) Pavel Postyshev
Pavel Postyshev
Pavel Petrovich Postyshev was a Soviet politician. He is considered to be one of the principal architects of the so-called man-made famine of 1932–33, or Holodomor.Postyshev was born in Ivanovo-Voznesensk....
(Kharkiv-city and oblast). He has not recognized himself guilty.
Yalovy was sentenced to 10 years in correctional-labor camps (ITL, part of GULAG
Gulag
The Gulag was the government agency that administered the main Soviet forced labor camp systems. While the camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners, large numbers were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas and other instruments of...
). At the meeting of the special NKVD troika
NKVD troika
NKVD troika or Troika, in Soviet Union history, were commissions of three persons who convicted people without trial. These commissions were employed as an instrument of extrajudicial punishment introduced to circumvent the legal system with a means for quick execution or imprisonment...
of Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position...
his case was reviewed once again and by the decision of October 9, 1937 Yalovy was sentenced to the highest degree of punishment, a death by a firing squad. The execution took place on November 3, 1937 in Svirlag
Svirlag
Svirlag, SvirLAG was a Soviet forced labour camp run by NKVD's GULAG Directorate...
OGPU (Lodeynoye Pole
Lodeynoye Pole
Lodeynoye Pole is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Svir River northeast of St. Petersburg. Population: 21,400 ....
), other data states of Sandarmokh
Sandarmokh
Sandarmokh is a forest massif in Medvezhyegorsky District, Karelia, Russia, a burial site of victims of Soviet political repressions, where over 9,000 bodies were discovered after the place was found in 1997 by members of the Memorial Society....
near Medvezhyegorsk
Medvezhyegorsk
Medvezhyegorsk , formerly known as Medvezhya Gora and Karhumäki, is a town and the administrative center of Medvezhyegorsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia. Population: 15,800 ....
. On June 19, 1957 the conviction was canceled for the absence of state of crime by the Military tribunal
Military tribunal
A military tribunal is a kind of military court designed to try members of enemy forces during wartime, operating outside the scope of conventional criminal and civil proceedings. The judges are military officers and fulfill the role of jurors...
of Leningrad Military District
Leningrad Military District
The Leningrad Military District was a military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. In 2010 it was merged with the Moscow Military District, the Northern Fleet and the Baltic Fleet to form the new Western Military District.-History:...
(LVO).
Works
- Need to be chewed out. — 1920.
- (Collection of poetry) Tops. — Kyiv—Moscow—Berlin: Golfshtrem, 1923.
- (Comedy) Cathy's love, or construction propaganda. — Kharkiv, 1928.
- (Novel) Golden Fox-kits. — Kharkiv: Knyhospilka, 1929. (II ed. — Kharkiv: Knyhospilka, 1930.)
- Selected works / Organization, foreword, footnotes, and commentaries of Oleksandr Ushlakov. — Kyiv: Smoloskyp, 2007. (ISBN 966-8499-46-8)